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Dedicated to
Hispanic Heritage |
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January 2000 Issue 1
Calendar of upcoming Events California Culture
and Arts Educational Projects Ethnic Research Hispanic Visibility: Feature Think Tanks Procter & Gamble Marketing to Teen-agers Bravo Group Got Milk? Franchises Radio Salma Hayek Solo en Amería Small Business Admin.
Pancho Villa Indigenous Latina Leadership: Feature The Swans of Mexico Latina-owned Firms Loretta Sanchez Mujeres Activas Library, Santa Ana, California Prayer Contributors to issue: Rick Aguirre Ed Allegretti Ruben
Alvarez George
Gause Mria Moreno Gloria
Oliver Oct 21: Orange County, CA Hispanic Chamber of Commerce Conference: Dick Clift, Gloria Oliver Oct
24: Dia de los Muertos SHHAR
Board: |
Welcome to the first online issue of Somos Primos™. After 10 years of publication as the voice of the Society of Hispanic Historical and Ancestral Research, SHHAR, Somos Primos™ is now available free on the Web. Your
comments and submittals by email are warmly welcomed.
"It is imperative that Latinos become included in the composite of the social structure of the United States and develop inclusive attitudes themselves. This can only be done by educating ourselves and others concerning our historical presence and valuable contributions to the United States." Mimi Lozano, Editor mimilozano@aol.com
If you are just starting to gather and research your family roots, your timing is perfect! Internet has opened doors never before available for individual family researchers. Libraries, archives, government agencies, churches are putting data online.
May 24, 1999, the first uploading of genealogical information supplied by
the Mormon Church created a fury of activity. The test site, www.FamilySearch.org
received two
million visits on its first day and is now averaging almost 8.5 million hits
daily. In addition, also available are forms showing how to begin family history research, and a free database program, PAF (Personal Ancestral File) for organizing family records. The program called Personal Ancestral File, PAF, can be down-loaded to home computer for a personal data base of family records. The Spanish version of PAF 4.0 (Personal Ancestral File) is now available for downloading from the site. Sent by Kathleen Lubeck
After the initial gathering of family records, many researchers have found it helpful to visit an LDS Family History Centers. These FHCs are found all over the world. They are staffed by volunteers and open free to the public. Many centers offer classes. FamilySearch.org lists the locations and telephone numbers. Be sure and call for the center's hours. Although the FHCs are run by the Mormon Church, the staff is strongly cautioned against proselytizing. They open their Family History Centers to the community because of a basic belief in the importance of building and maintaining family unity. To locate a Family History Center in the United States, call 1-800-346-6044 and enter your zip.
Free Beginning Family History Classes for Hispanics
In Southern California free beginning family history classes for Hispanics are offered by SHHAR members at: Orange FHC, 674 S. Yorba, Orange, Monthly, 1st Thursday 3-8 p.m. Information: Mimi Lozano 714-894-8161 Los Angeles FHC, 10741 Santa Monica Blvd. West Los Angeles, Two Saturdays a month. Presented in English. For more Information: John P. Schmal, 310-392-9832. Please refer to the Table of contents for John's very helpful article on researching in Zacatecas.
January Calendar
January 6: Monthly Drop-in research support, Orange FHC January 22: Mission San Juan Capistrano Displays January 20: Reception, Orange County Hall of Administration January 29: Family History Association Foundation, 5-7 For complete details, click: http://members.aol.com/shhar
If you would like to volunteer at any of the events in January, please contact Mimi Lozano by email or phone: (714) 894-8161
Research Group meetings: Networking with other enthusiastic researchers can be extremely valuable to both the beginner and advanced researcher. This can be done via chat lines, bulletin boards, and newsletters on the Internet. It can also be facilitated by direct contact with groups who focus on a specific location. SHHAR members who facilitate research in the following areas are:
Arizona: Linda Aguirre, raguirre@aol.com California: Jeanne Moody, ljmoody@earthlink.net Cuba/Caribbean: Peter Carr, tcigen@worldnet.att.net Jalisco: Mary Lou Montagna, montagnajml@worldnet.att.net New Mexico: Kathryn Peralta, azeret@home.com Puerto Rico: Ruth Alatorre, rachnana@aol.com Texas: Irma Cantu, icantu@home.com
American Online, since its creation has offered support to Hispanic researchers with a variety of services. Activities include regularly scheduled chat lines, bulletin boards, special interest libraries, regional specialists. Explore their resources.
Yahoo
recently created a Hispanic Genealogy Club which can be accessed at: http://clubs.yahoo.com/clubs/hispanicgenealogy |
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National Endowment for the
Humanities in partnership with the The project aims to help Americans make connections between families, the past, and hopes for the future. The guidebook, My History Is America's History provides 15 ways to preserve family memories and treasures through activities that make history an exciting adventure for the entire family, complete with many examples of how other families have discovered and saved their own stories. A website has been established to be a virtual "front porch" for every American. Once you enter www.myhistory.org, you can explore other tales that will help you understand your own stories and those of your ancestors. Once you post your family stories and photographs in the online collection, you can discover more about your ancestors as you create your family tree and see how each branch connects with the nation's history. Free copies of the 100 page manual can be obtained for the $3.75 cost of postage and handling. Write to My History, Pueblo, Colorado 81009 or call toll free: 1-877-634-4478 You should also check out the website: http://www.myhistory.org . |
The new millennium begins with a historic turn-over. On December 31, 1999, the Panama Canal became Panama's canal.
Ninety-five years of American control over the canal - and over much of
Panama - came to a close. The end of an era. The Panama withdrawal has been slowly taking
place over the past 22 years when the government under President Jimmy
Carter ceded control of the land back to Panama. On June 30, 1999, a U.S. Army Color Guard
removed the American flag for the last time during the Fort Sherman
Transfer Ceremony in Colon, Panama, northwest of Panama City.[1] 1) Abstract from Story by John Rice, The
Associated Press, Panama City, Panama |
| 1513
-
Vasco Nunez de Balboa crosses the isthmus and becomes first European to
the see the Pacific Ocean. 1524 - Hernan Cortes suggests that a path across the isthmus would valuable. 1534 - Charles V of Spain orders survey of possible canal route across Panama. 1835 - Colombia grants France a concession to build a canal across its province of Panama. |
1850
-U.S.
investors begin construction of single-track railroad across
Panama. Finished 5 yrs later, after an about estimated 6,000
workers die. 1881- French company begins construction of canal. Effort goes bankrupt after 8 yrs and the deaths of some 20,000 workers. 1903 - Aided by a U.S. military presence, Panamanians declare independence from Colombia and sign treaty granting concessions greater than Colombia had offered. |
1904 - U.S.
government takes over the dormant French canal project. 1914 -Canal opens. 1964 - Nationalist rioting breaks out over demand to raise Panama's flag over a school in the Canal Zone. Twenty-three Panamanians and four U.S. Marines die. 1977 - Presidents Jimmy Carter of the United States and Omar Torrijos of Panama sign treaty handing over canal to Panama in 1999 U.S. Senate ratifies treaty the following year. |
1979 - United
States transfers Panama Canal Zone, the 50-mile strip of land along the
banks of the canal, to Panamanian control. 1989 - U.S. invades Panama to overthrow dictator, Manuel Noriega. 1990 - Fernando Manfredo becomes first Panamanian administrator of the canal - a post previously held by U.S. citizens exclusively. Dec. 31, 1999 - Panama took over possession of canal. - |
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Portuguese Return Macau |
More than 90% of Macao's residents are ethnic Chinese, up to half of
them immigrants who arrived from the mainland within the past 20
years. In the 1970s, Lisbon tried to give Macao back to Beijing as
Portugal divested itself of all its colonies. China deferred the
idea. Lou Carreiro, born and reared in Macao, speaks Cantonese
fluently and feels that his own way of thinking is "75%
Chinese."
Los Angeles Times, 12-20-99 |
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Celebrating the California
Sesquicentennial Project 150 To commemorate the
ratification, by election, of the California Constitution on November 13,
1849, a Symposium was organized by Los Amigos of Orange County, the
Society of Hispanic Historical and Ancestral Research, in cooperation with
the programs of Chicano-Latino and Latin American studies, the department
of Spanish and Portuguese and the vice Chancellor, Student Affairs of the
University of California, Irvine. The event was held exactly 150 years
later, on November 13, 1999. Attended by historians, professors, teachers,
students, legislators, and early California descendants, it was the only
event held in the state of California celebrating the birth of the
state of California. Neither was the date included in The
Associated Press' daily listing of important historical events.
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California 45.3% Texas 29.1% Arizona 4.6% Illinois 4.6% New Mexico 2.5% Colorado 2.1% Other states 11.8% |
California+Texas
= 74.4 % Of Mexican-origin New Mexico+Colorado = 4.6% Of Mexican-origin |
Of
the total of U.S. Latino population, California accounts for 34%. Combined
with Texas, the two states
are home to 54 % of all Hispanics in the U.S. Hispanic,
September 1999 |
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Of the forty-eight
(48) Constitutional forefathers, only six (6) had been
born in California. |
Years Name Age Birthplace City Occupation 53 Jose Antonio Carrillo 53 California Los Angeles Labrador 46 Manuel Dominguez 46 California Los Angeles Banker 42 Mariano G. Vallejo 42 California Sonoma Military 40 M. B. Covarrubias 40 California San Luis Obispo 40 Antonio M. Pico 40 California San Jose Agriculturalist 36 P. de la Guerra 36 California Santa Barbara 36 Jacinto Rodriguez 51 California Santa Barbara Agriculturalist 20 Abel Stearns 51 Mass. Los Angeles Merchant 16 Thomas O. Larkin 47 Mass. Monterey Trader 16 Hugo Reid 38 Scotland Los Angeles Farmer 12 Miguel de Pedroena 41 Spain San Diego Merchant 11 Pedro Sensavaine 31 France San Jose Negociant 10 Julian Hanks 39 Connecticut San Jose Farmer 10 J.A. Sutter 47 Switzerland Sacramento Farmer 6 L.W. Hastings 30 Ohio Sacramento Lawyer 5 R. Semple 42 Kentucky Sonoma Printer 4 Rodman Price 30 New York San Francisco U.S. Navy 4 Jacob R. Snyder 34 Pennsylvania Sacramento Surveyor 3/5m Benjamin S. Lippincott 34 New York San Joaquin Trader 3 Joseph Aram 39 New York San Jose Farmer 3 Elam Brown 52 New York San Jose Farmer 3 Lewis Dent 26 Massachusetts Monterey Lawyer 3 Kimball H. Dimmick 34 New York San Jose Lawyer 3 Stephen C. Foster 28 Maine Los Angeles Agriculturalist 3 H.W. Halleck 32 New York Monterey Engineer 3 J.M. Hollingsworth 25 Maryland San Joaquin Lt. Volunteers 3 J.D. Hoppe 35 Maryland San Jose Merchant 3 W.E. Shannon 27 Ireland Sacramento Lawyer 3 Thomas L. Vermeule 35 New Jersey San Joaquin Lawyer 2/7m Francis J. Lippitt 37 Rhode Island San Francisco Lawyer 2/6m A.J. Ellis 33 New York San Francisco Merchant 2/6m Edward Gilbert 27 New York San Francisco Printer 1/5m Henry Hill 33 Virginia San Diego U.S. Army 1/4m Ch.T. Botts 40 Virginia Monterey Atty. at Law 1/1m J.P. Walker 52 Virginia Sonoma Farmer 1 M.M. McCarver 42 Kentucky Sacramento Farmer 1 B. F. Moore 28 Florida San Joaquin Leisure 1 Myron Norton 27 New York San Francisco Lawyer 1 W.M. Steuart 29 Maryland San Francisco Atty. at Law 8m Pacificus Ord 34 Maryland Monterey Lawyer 7m K.O. Crosby 34 New York Sacramento Lawyer 7m John McDougall 32 Ohio Sacramento Merchant 5m Joseph Hobson 39 Maryland San Francisco Merchant 4m W. M. Gwin 44 Tennessee San Francisco Farmer 4m J. M. Jones 25 Kentucky San Joaquin Atty. at Law 4m Winfield B. Sherwood 32 New York Sacramento Lawyer 4m Henry A. Taft 26 New York San Luis Obispo Lawyer 4m O. M. Wozencraft 34 Ohio San Joaquin Physician |
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The following by Ed Allegretti is an example of the kind of personal information that California family historian have gathered. Ed has traced his lines back to his fourth great grandfather who was a second cousin to two signers of the California constitution, Jose Antonio Carrillo and Mariano Vallejo. He writes, "for your reference: Franciso Lugo
was the grandfather of Jose Antonio Carrillo (through Jose Raymundo
Carrillo and Tomasa Lugo) and of Mariano Vallejo (through Ignacio Vallejo
and Maria A. Lugo). Franciso Lugo's sister
was Maria Serafina Lugo (who married Jose C. Espinosa). Her grandson was
Isidoro Soto (through Ygnacio Soto and Maria Barbara Espinosa).
Vanessa O'Neill, a
recent graduate with a business degree, picked up a video camera and
produced a 35-minute documentary called "Voices from the Past: the
First People of California". The film traces the Gabrieleno and
Juaneno Indians, the tribes most closely associated with Orange County,
California. The Indian experience is viewed through the eyes of elders and
younger members who have immersed themselves in tradition. It appears to
be part of a reawakening of interest in the long and often painful history
of Southern California's native tribes, stripped of land and culture by
early settlers and vastly reduced in numbers.
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Historical Dates of Importance for January
Special thanks to We would like to augment this list. If you have any dates that you would like included in the month ahead, please send to the editor. January 1, 1863: President Abraham Lincoln signed the Emancipation
Proclamation January 1, 1892: Ellis Island
Immigrant Station in New York formally opened. January 3, 1777: Gen. George Washington's army routed the British in the Battle of Princeton, N.J. January 3, 1833: Britain seized control of the Falkland Islands in the South Atlantic. (Almost 150 years later, Argentina seized the islands from the British, but Britain took them back after 74-day war.) January 3, 1959: President Dwight Eisenhower signed a proclamation admitting Alaska to the Union as the 49th state. January 3, 1961: The United States severed diplomatic relations with Cuba. January 3, 1990: Ousted Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega surrendered to U.S. forces, 10 days after taking refuge in the Vatican's diplomatic mission. January 6, 1912: New Mexico became 47th state. |
The California 1806 Romance Although based on a true love story
between the 42 year old the Russian Chamberlain and 15 year old Concepción,
the fictionalized has collided with truth in many accounts. The
University of Alaska Fairbanks publication of The Romance of
Nikolai Rezanov and Concepción Argüello: A Literary legend and Its
Effect on California History by Eve Iversen will help researchers to
separate truth from fiction. The book is well-documented with a
34-page bibliography. For California researchers with an interest in the
Spanish/Mexican cultural attitudes and Russian involvement in California
during that time period, it is must reading. Strongly recommend.
Last summer, three simultaneous excavations uncovered pieces of the Presidio's rich past at the site of a 1780s Spanish chapel. The longest-running dig, led by Cabrillo College in Aptos, California, discovered new details about the historic chapel and sacristy. This excavation has been an integral part of the community's college's unusual training program in archaeological technology. "There isn't any other vocational program (in archaeology) at a two-year school," says archaeologist Rob Edwards, the Cabrillo program's director. "It's absolutely unique." The students, who ranged in age from roughly 20 to 60, spent three weeks at the dig site and lived in former officer's quarters in a nearby brick building. The chapel's size was estimated to be 52 by 22 feet. Students took turns excavating trenches, dry screening soil through wire mesh, wet screening, cataloging artifacts, and giving tours to curious passers-by. Detailed study of the latest finds occurred in a separate lab course, but a table at the site displayed some selected artifacts: glass beads, fragments of Mexican ceramics, musket balls, a uniform button, and a silver crucifix. American Archaeology, Winter
1999-2000, pg. 10 While Hispanics represent nearly 12 percent of the total U.S. population,
they make up only 2.2 percent of cadets in the Army's ROTC program and 4-6%
at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point. The Civil War CD-Rom2, Official Records of the
Union and Confederate Navies in the War of the Rebellion. As a companion
this second CD contains more than 30 volumes of the Navy Official Records
from 1861 to 1865, including dispatches and reports of Naval engagements of
both Confederate and Federal navies. Great information for genealogists,
family historians, and Civil War buffs. $64.95.<http://www.rootsweb.com/cgi-
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January 7, 1789: the first U.S. presidential election
was held. Americans voted for electors who, January 7, 1942: The World War II siege of Bataan began. January 7, 1959: U. S. recognized Fidel Castro's new government in Cuba. January 8, 1815: U.S. forces led by Gen. Andrew Jackson defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans -- closing engagement of War of 1812. January 8, 1894: Fire caused serious damage at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. January 8, 1959: Charles de Gaulle inaugurated president of France's 5th Republic January 9, 1788: Connecticut becomes fifth state to
ratify the U.S. Constitution. January 10, 1861: Florida seceded from the Union. January 10, 1920: The League of Nations was established
as the Treaty of Versailles went into effect. January 11, 1805: The Michigan Territory was created. January 11, 1861: Alabama seceded from the Union. January 12, 1915: The U.S. House of Representatives rejected a proposal to give women the right to vote. January 12, 1932: Hattie W. Caraway became first woman elected to U.S. Senate. January 14, 1639: First constitution of Connecticut adopted January 14, 1784: U. S. ratified peace treaty with England ending Revolutionary War. January 15, 1559: England's Queen Elizabeth I crowned in Westminster Abby. January 16, 1547: Ivan the Terrible
was crowned Czar of Russia. January 20, 1839: Chile defeated a confederation of Peru/Bolivia in the Battle of Yungay. |
Spain's Support of the American Revolution
Little is know of the very important role that Spain played in
supporting the American Revolutionary war. Granville
W. (Ph.d.) and his daughter N.C. Hough have dedicated themselves
to the task of gathering records to promote that awareness. The goal of
the Houghs is to produce books identifying the Spanish soldiers serving
in the states of California, Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, and Florida
between 1779-1783, and to examine the consequent of their activities as
it relates to the formation of the United States. Dr. Hough, a retired
professor from California State University, Long Beach and his daughter
have completed the first three books in the series: Spain's California
Patriots (Part 1 and 2) and Arizona Patriots. SHHAR is pleased for the privilege of publishing the Hough series. We believe it is a major contributions to Hispanic history. It is a practical, easy to use manual for Hispanics researching family history in the borderlands. Hispanics/Latinos must look at their history as inclusive to the development of the United States. That insight can be shared through identifying and promoting the contributions of ancestors. California
Patriots, Part 1 and Part 2 are $14. each, or 2 for
$25. |
| January 21, 1793: during the French Revolution, King Louis XVI.
condemned for treason, was executed on the guillotine. January 24, 1848: James W. Marshall discovered a gold nugget at Sutter's Mill in Northern California, a discovery that led to the gold rush of '49. January 24, 1802: Congress passed an act calling for a library to be established within the U.S. Capitol. January 24, 1837: Michigan became the 26th state. January 24, 1861: Louisiana seceded from the Union. January 24, 1870: Virginia rejoined the Union. January 29, 1820: Britain's King George III died insane at Windsor Castle, ending a reign that saw both the American and French revolutions. January 29, 1861: Kansas became the 34th state of the Union. January 29, 1988: Nicaraguan President Daniel Ortega received a coolly
polite reception from Pope John Paul II at the Vatican. |
New Arizona Database on the Internet A major contribution has been made by Scott Solliday, a curator and historian, who has worked in Arizona history museums for 16 years. Scott is now an author and consultant, and is writing biographies of Mexican Arizonans, and a history of the Arizona cotton industry. He has compiled all Hispanic surnames for Arizona and northern Sonora, 1775-1900. The following is the introduction to his database http://mexicoarizona.home.netcom.com The history of Mexican Americans in Arizona has been buried, obscured, erased, and all but forgotten. After 1850, there are very few written records of Hispanic people in Arizona. The documents of the Territorial Period -- newspapers, business records and government correspondence -- tended to list full names for Anglos, but everybody else was just "Indian" or "Mexican." Early historians failed to mention that an Hispanic population even existed; instead, they offered the theory that every town had a white founder and every Mexican was an immigrant. A thorough search of archives and libraries will show that this whole population of thousands of people apparently consisted of a few prominent Tucson merchants and an army of nameless laborers. However, Federal census manuscripts -- one of the few inclusive records -- show an entirely different view. From 1860 to 1880, 60% to 95% of the people living in the farming communities of southern Arizona had Hispanic surnames, including most of the land owners and business owners, and most were born in Arizona. California’s Basques
California Basques in
Chino, California held their 32nd annual Besta Berri gathering at the Chino
fairgrounds attracting participation form hundreds of miles away. The effort
of the leadership is to preserve a strong sense of identity and community by
creatively celebrating tradition while moving with the times.
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Santa Ana City Library, Santa Ana, California
When Chilean librarian
Theresa Barasch arrived in Santa Ana, California, she noticed the strong
Mexican influence on Fourth Street, the city's Mexican-born mayor and
the predominantly Hispanic neighborhoods that surround the Santa Ana
Public Library.
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Cenizo, a Texas border town has become the nation's first to pass an ordinance requiring that all official government business be conducted in Spanish. "Eighty percent f the people, who live in El Cenizo speak (only) Spanish, and 100 percent of the residents understand it, " said Gloria Romo, a member of the El Cenizo Council, which passed the Spanish-only ordinance August 3. "If you want people to contribute to their city and participate in city meetings, you have to talk their language," Mrs. Romo added. "We used to have arguments and fights at those meetings (because of the language barrier).. . Most of the people who attended always asked to have an interpreter present, or they asked that the meetings be in Spanish," said the commissioner and council member. The new Spanish-only ordinance stipulates that local government transactions be conducted in Spanish and that English translation be provided with 48 hours of notice. In compliance with state and federal laws, written ordinances will be adopted in English and translated into Spanish. Joyce Howard Price, The
Washington Times, 9-99 |
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In Dona Ana County, New Mexico a judge says
language can't be used to exclude Hispanic jurors. California law requires
jurors to speak proficient English; prospective jurors who are not
proficient in English are excused from jury duty. Orange County Register, 12-14-99 |
Armando Rodriguez spoke only Spanish when he left
his native Mexico 12 years ago to find work in Los Angeles. After getting a job in a restaurant Armando quickly picked up a second language, Hebrew. "He speaks Hebrew like an Israeli," boasted Felix Wizgan, restaurant owner. "A lot of people ask me if he is my son?" Los Angeles Times, 12-8-99 |
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Sources for the History of African-American Texans University of Texas at Austin, compiled
by John Slate General
information on Black history in Texas: |
Black Texans and Reconstruction Dorsett,
Jess. Black
Texans in the Development of the American West |
| A painting of a dark-skinned Jesus, by an artist who used a woman as a model, has been selected by a Catholic publications as the winner of its contest to update the image of Christ. "My goal was to be as inclusive as possible," said the artist, Janet McKenzie, from her studio in Island Pond, VT. "At first glance, he is a black of African-American Jesus, but looking more deeply you see many people in it." The Associated Press via Orange county Register, 12-14-99 |
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New Mexico Baca Ranch To the public it is a
paradise lost - 95,000 acres of National park quality scenery that
has been privately owned for more than a century. The government granted
the land to its first owner, Luis Maria Cabeza de Vaca, in 1860.
For most of the early years it was a sheep ranch. In 1962,
when James P. Dunigan bought the land from Frank Bona and Son, Inc., the
Baca Ranch raised cattle. |
There were elk, too, reintroduced to the area in 1947 after decades of
absence. In the 1970s the elk population boomed, and today the
Dunigan family runs a lucrative hunt on the property. Hunters pay
up to $10,000 for a shot at a trophy bull. New Mexico Republican Sen. Pete Domenici, in exchange for his support of the Baca purchase, has insisted that under public ownership the Baca Ranch should continue to be operated as a working ranch. This year's budget bill allocated $101 million to purchase the ranch. Orange County Register, 11-26-99 |
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GENEALOGICAL RESEARCH IN ZACATECAS by John P. Schmal The Mexican state of Zacatecas, located in the north-central portion of the Republic, is a land rich in cultural, religious, and historical significance. Surrounded by Coahuila on the north, San Luis Potosi on the east, Aguascalientes and Jalisco on the south, and Durangoon the east, Zacatecas is the eighth largest state in Mexico. The name Zacatecas is derived from the fusion of two Nahuatl words, Zacatl (grass, hay) and co (located). Thus, the literal translation of the state name in English would be "the place where a lot of hay is found."By virtue of its large size (75,040 square kilometers), Zacatecas has contributed its fair share of immigrants to the United States during the last century. In the days preceding and during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), many inhabitants fled Zacatecas for the American states of Texas and California. During the height of the Revolution, the capital city of Zacatecas became the focus of national attention when it was seized by the forces of Pancho Villa in the famous battle known as La Toma de Zacatecas (The Taking of Zacatecas) on June 23, 1914. In pre-Columbian times, Zacatecas was home to many indigenous tribes. By the time the Spaniards first arrived in the region (1531), the Zacatecos, Caxcanes, Irritilas, Guachichiles, Tecuexes, and Tepehuanes were still making their homes in the area. Most of these Indians put up a fierce resistance to the Spanish encroachment upon their territory. However, in 1546, silver was discovered in Zacatecas. With this discovery, the Spanish incursion into Zacatecas became ever more determined and, in time, the Spanish forces – superior in weaponry and tactics – subdued all the native tribes. Today, Zacatecas has more than fifteen mining districts which yield silver, lead, zinc, gold, phosphorite, wollastonite, fluorite, and barium. The richest resource available to Americans who are trying to find their roots in Zacatecas can be found in the Family History Library (FHL), whose catalog can be accessed at its website, http://familysearch.org/search/searchcatalog.asp. When you go to this website, you can utilize the place search by simply entering the name of your ancestral town. The FHL owns church, civil or census records for at least ninety-four separate localities in Zacatecas, and you can view these microfilmed records at your nearest Family History Center. The Family History Library owns the Catholic church records for eighty-six distinct locations in Zacatecas, the earliest of which (the city of Zacatecas) goes back to 1605. All told, eleven towns in Zacatecas have church records going back to the 1600s, while another sixteen localities have records reaching back into the 1700s. For the most part, the baptism and marriage records of the Zacatecas churches are remarkably detailed. With few exceptions, starting around 1800, the baptism records listed the abuelos paternos and abuelos maternos. In addition, marriage records will not only give the age, birthplace, residency, and occupation of the newlyweds, but the same information for their parents and witnesses. Mexico enacted civil registration in 1859. Within the next decade, nearly all of the fifty-six municipios of Zacatecas started to collect birth, marriage, and death records. The Family History Library has compiled the municipio civil records for forty-nine of these municipios. Most of their records begin between 1861 and 1867. As an added bonus, the FHL also has the 1930 census records for at least forty-two municipios on microfilm. If you are interested in an online exchange of information, you may access the GenWeb page for the state of Zacatecas, which can be found at http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Acropolis/7016/zacatecas/. A subdivision of the Mexican GenWeb page (accessed at http://www.rootsweb.com/~mexwgw/), this website is dedicated to helping all interested persons in tracing their roots in Zacatecas. On the website’s message board, you can post messages to solicit or exchange information with others. There are three preliminary steps to take in a successful search for your Zacatecas ancestors: First, you should locate your ancestral town on a map. Secondly, you need to find out the name of the municipio in which the town was located since civil records were only recorded in the capital city of each municipio. Thirdly, it is important to be aware of the names of adjacent villages where your ancestors may have attended church or baptized their children. For the first step, it is important to realize that maps of Zacatecas in atlases and tourist brochures only show the largest and most historically significant cities. For this reason, I strongly advise that you visit a college or university map library to locate a large scale map (preferably 1:250,000). If you have an ancestral community which you have not been able to locate on a conventional map or in the FHL catalog, you will understand the reason for this course of action. Last year, I was trying to locate the church and civil records for a family that had lived in the small Hacienda de Santa Monica, Zacatecas, during the Nineteenth Century and the first decade of the 1900s. However, I was unable to find the hacienda on any conventional maps of Zacatecas. My next step was to pay a visit to the UCLA Map Library where I located a gazetteer of Zacatecas. Having pinpointed the geographic coordinates of Santa Monica in the gazetteer, I subsequently consulted a large-scale present-day map of Zacatecas, which showed Santa Monica as a small town. I made note of the fact that Santa Monica belonged to the municipio of Sain Alto and was a short distance from the small town of Rio de Medina. Once I had become familiar with the terrain surrounding Santa Monica, Zacatecas, I was able to check the FHL catalog. I found that the Catholic church records for Rio de Medina went back to 1899. I also checked the FHL inventory for Sain Alto and found that Sain Alto’s civil records went back to 1862, while some of their church records went back to 1792. I was able to locate the family in question in the records of both towns. The point of this example is to state that a successful search for your Zacatecas ancestors may be contingent on some extracurricular research. If you are able to do the essential footwork and locate your ancestors, you may be able to trace your ancestors clear back to the Seventeenth Century. Happy hunting, John P.
Schmal
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Michoacan, a state in western Mexico, has sent millions of immigrants to
the United States. Various events, such as the building of the railroads,
the 1910 Revolution and a depressed economy, resulted in immigrants moving
north to California. Mexican officials say about a fifth of the Orange
County, CA Mexican immigrants come from Michoacan. Orange County Register,
9-17-99
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Resources Online Chicano/Latino Net: Tomas Rivera Policy Ins.: Inter-Univ Program for Latino Research: The Azteca Web Page: Andanzas al web Latino: bord/latino.html Julian Samora Research Ins http//www.jsri.msu.edu/ whatis/ Latino,a
Research & Policy.com University
of California Institute for Mexico and /mexushom.html Public Policy Institute of California: California Policy Research Center: UC Committee on Latino Research: research/uccir.html California Research Bureau: Rand Center for Research: iet/crip.pubs.html
"If
the US.Hispanic community were a nation, it would rank Mimi Whitefield, Miami Herald reporter, Hispanic, Nov. '99
Santa Ana, California's Empowerment Zone, de- signed to improve business, publishes its newsletter in both English and Spanish.
In
the last decade Las Vegas Nevada's' Latino population has grown are attracting many 1st generation Latinos. Latino-owned enterprises more than doubled between 1987 and 1992 to 3,900. Los Angeles Times, 11-30-99
Cimarron Publishers Latino Manifesto: A Critique of the Race Debate in the U.S. |
Think Tanks
From think-tank academics studying immigration patterns and educational attainment to profit-seeking companies tracking buying habits, Latinos' attitudes and tastes are under the corporate and government microscope. Refugio Rochín, the director of the new Smithsonian Center for Latino Initiatives in Washington, D.C., remembers the early 1970s, when research about Latinos, then a fledgling endeavor, was frowned on by the academic hierarchy.. . . Today. . The nation's fastest growing minority group is being examined as never before. Los Angeles Times, 11-12-99
Procter & Gamble Reaching Latinos
Procter & Gamble Co. has long been the largest advertiser in Spanish-language media; in 1998, it outspent No. 2 Sears, Roebuck and Co. by 40%. According to Hispanic Business magazine, P&G spent $42 million to advertise in Spanish-language media in 1998. The latest tactic to reach Latinos is the creation of a magazine called Avanzando con tu Familia - progressing with your family - that mixes advertising with everyday advice. Graciela Eleta, P&G manager for multicultural marketing who is based in Puerto Rico said, "We want to go beyond that and help communicate how to get ahead." Los Angeles Times, 11-19-99
Marketing to Hispanic Teen-agers
Companies trying to tap the lucrative market of Hispanic teen-agers, who make up the fastest-growing segment of the U.S. population, met in Hollywood in October to learn more about the market. Executive played tapes of commercials and then queried nine bilingual teen-agers from Los Angeles high schools. An estimated 4.3 million Hispanic teenagers live in the United States, which accounts or 13.6% of all teens in the country. The conclusions reached was that quality products and funny commercials influence Hispanic teen-agers' buying decisions more than which language the ads are in. Daryl Jones, Southern California market manger for Nike said, "the Hispanic consumer is sophisticated and its very important that you don't patronize them." Paul Chavez, the Associated Press, 10-28-99 Daisy Expósito is the president and chief creative officer of New York-based The Bravo Group, the nation’s No. 1 Hispanic marketing and communications agency. Since she was hired in 1981 as creative officer, its billings grew from less than $5 million in 1985 to more than $151 million in 1998. "The Bravo Group," says the Cuban heritage Expósito "and myself have a social responsibility. It is important to give back to the community." The agency has created a campaign that aims to dispel misplaced fears about the census and encourage Latinos to take part. "If we are not counted, we don’t get the benefits we are entitled to," Expósito says. Hispanic, November 1999, pg 76 U.S. Got Milk? When the California milk Processors Board was looking for someone to help them translate the famous "Got Milk?" campaign into Spanish, Anita Santiago wisely advised them against doing a direct translation. The closest thing to a direct translation is - are you lactating? n addition, Santiago sidestepped the potentially insulting theme of milk deprivation in favor of a more nurturing campaign celebrating the wholesomeness of milk. We’re sitting in a land that’s becoming half Hispanic, and if companies don’t pay attention, they’ll be losing 50 percent of their market, says Santiago, a native of Venezuela. Hispanic, November 1999, pg. 72 Franchises Radio Heroine Delia Carrasco
is a mother of 15. She was also a third place winner in the
outstanding-mother category for Latina Women of the Year of California.
The Awards were sponsored by Mervyn's California, Target Stores, and
Spanish-language TV network Univision. Delia was selected from among
1,000 entries. "Even saying she is the most positive person
I've every known is an understatement," said Ray Martin Carrasco, 52
and the firstborn. |
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Unorthodox, yet successful new marketing techniques are opening doors to independent Latino movie producers. The Internet, promotions on college campuses, contact with organizations, and other creative techniques are being used very effectively. Daniel Chang, Orange County Register, 11-5-99
Updated 18 Dec 1998, is dedicated to both Mexican states sharing the peninsula of Baja California. Its main page brings you up to date, fortnightly, on what's the latest in Mexican politics, finances, expositions, etc. You'll also find interesting new articles dealing with folklore, typical cuisine, entertaining, etc. Be sure to look for a new edition every two weeks. Revolutionary Mexican Historical Society (913) 945-3800 Sunset Ridge Rd. Ozawskie, Kansas 66070 Submitted: Johanna de Soto
Linda Chavez, syndicated columnist suggests that "If Mexicans are slower to assimilate and the evidence suggest so - Mexican Americans and other U.S. - born Hispanics will suffer as well."Orange County Register, 10-20-99
From REFORMA Microsoft Word 2000 has Spanish version with a good thesaurus and grammar and spell check available.
Unorthodox, yet successful new marketing techniques are opening doors to independent Latino movie producers. The Internet, promotions on college campuses, contact with organizations, and other creative techniques are being used. Daniel Chang, Orange County Register,11-5-99 Jessie Lee Brown Foveaux wrote her first
book when she was 98 and sold it for a million dollars to Warner Books. She
died in October at 100 years of age. The
great-great-grand- mother turned a memoir she wrote in a writing
class for senior citizens into the 208 page book, Any Given Day. MyFamily.com
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Salma
Hayek,
Television Producer Actress Salma Hayek has started a television production company, Ventanarosa Productions.. Hayek says that while her impetus for being a producer was largely to change cultural preconceptions, she’s not interested in creating and developing Latino-themed programming that promotes separatism. "What we’re doing are not Latino shows; they’re shows with universal themes in which Latinos are part of the landscape. I don’t believe in separation. I believe in integration. As a producer, Hayek is involved in numerous projects. One lead character is a half-hour sitcom about a busboy who becomes a major asset to the restaurant’s American owner. "He’s smart and educated and (the owner) changes her mind about who she thinks this man is supposed to be," Hayek says. "We hope the audience changes its mind about some of the preconceptions it has about Latinos and discover a whole new gamut of characteristics it didn’t know about." Hayek says she’s not simply interested in developing programming that will "break the stereotypes," but rather "will bring humanity into it and show different characteristics that people never take time to notice." "But I believe that fastest and best way to start changing the preconceptions is through television. It is immediate. it is massive, and it is the core of America." Claudia Eller, The Biz, Los Angeles Times, 11-9-99 Pancho Villa The resulting film - The Life of General Villa - was a
military voyeur's delight. On May 5, 1914, a critic from the New York
World stated: "There is thunder and gore from beginning to end.
Marvelous pictures of the fighting at Torreón are woven clearly into the
drama of Villa's life. . .The whole is so realistic that it is almost as
good as being on the scene, and far much safer." Telemundo show about a divorced mother draws Spanish-language viewers as it breaks Latin American taboos, Solo en Ameríca. "This is groundbreaking," said the show’s writer and executive producer, Carlos Portugal. Instead of a story driven by 70s sexual liberation, as One Day at a Time was, the issues of the lead Latina character in Solo en Ameríca will be of a recent immigrant seeking assimilation. Confronting these non-traditional issues did not appear to affect viewer. The series is now into its second year. Airs Sundays at 8:30 on KVEA. Dana Calvo, Los Angeles Times, 11-9-99 Small Business Administration Percent of Business Population, % of S.B.A. Loans Hispanic 10.8%--- 11.3% Asian, Pacific Islander 9.4%--- 19.0% African-American 2.1%--- 2.7% American Indian 0.3%--- 1.0%
Jan Norman, Orange County Register, 10-29-99 Latina Leadership The Swans Latina-owned firms have become the fastest-growing category of business in the United states. Between 1987 and 1996, the number of these companies grew at four times the rate of the general population and outstripped the growth of other minority-owned businesses, including Latino men, according to U.S. Census analysis by the National foundation for Women Business Owners. Latina-owned firms constitute a fairly small base, roughly 382,4000 in 1996 -representing only 5 percent of all female-owned firms - but the growth is explosive: 206 percent between 1987 and 1996. Factors contributing to this increase of Latina businesses more younger Latinas pursuing higher education, changing attitudes about culture and gender and the need for more families to operate as two-income households. . . . and role models. Submitted by Tania Scott: K.Oanh Ha, San Jose Mercury News, 10-10-99 Loretta Sanchez |
| MALCS Mujeres Activas en Letras y Cambios Sociales was founded in 1982 by a small group of women from several northern California universities and today serves as a national network for faculty, administrators, community workers, and graduate, and undergraduate students. MALCS is an organization of Chicana/Latina/ Native American women working in academia and in community settings with these common goals: |
1) To recruit and support Chicana/Latina/Native
American women in higher education and advanced studies. Submitted: Col. Joaquin Gracida, Retired
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Anonymous prayer Helped After four weeks, the prayed-for patients had suffered about
10 percent fewer complications, ranging from chest pain to cardiac arrest,
researchers reported in Monday's issue
of the Archives of Internal Medicine, published by the American Medical
Association. |
Ethical Will are Making a Comeback Unlike a will that doles out material possessions, an
ethical will defines values, beliefs, opinions, life lessons, dreams and
blessings that an individual wants to pass along to loved ones. "It’s
passing on values you hope the next generation will follow" said Elaine
Stone who first learned about ethical wills in a Hadassah Leadership Academy
group that was studying Jewish women’s history. Baines’ ethnical-will kits are available from Brochins Book and Gift Shop in St. Louis Park, Minn. by calling toll-free (877) 827-7323. Cost including shipping is $8.94. Baines’ Web site at: http://www.ethicalwill.com/ and So That Your Values Live On - Ethical Wills and How to Prepare Them by Rabbi Jack Reimer and Nathaniel Stampfer, Jewish Lights Publishing, 1991, $17.95. Kay Harvey, Knight Ridder Newspapers via Orange County Register, 11-5-99 Sent by Chris Rodriguez crodrigu@hq,nasa.gov |
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La Virgen www.geocites.com/Broadway/stage/4447: www.personal.si.umich.edu/~rwls/pio.html: This site has many links to
different Mexican artists, both musical and in movies. Highly recommended. The
Call, Vol. 1, #1, Nov '99 |
Juan Diego
Juan Diego was beatified by Pope John Paul II in May 1990, as a precursor to sainthood. But Guillermo Schulenburg, 83, a priest who ran the Basilica for 33 years, has written to the Vatican to oppose Juan Diego's sainthood, citing doubts as to whether he ever existed.
Schulenburg whipped up a fury in Mexico three years ago when he told the
Catholic magazine Ixthus that Juan Diego was a "symbol, not a
reality," thereby casting the entire legend into doubt. He
resigned a month later. However, Schulenburg is once again
attempting to halt Juan Diego's sainthood.
Humberto Ramos, associate director of Hispanic ministry for the Los Angeles Archdiocese, said Schulemburg's attempts to alt the canonization of Juan diego amount to racism. Despite the overwhelming Catholic population in Mexico, the country has only one sait: St Felipe de Jesus. If canonized, Juan Diego would be Mexico's second saint. Los Angeles Times, 12-11-99
Disneyland
The History of Music in California http://www.standingstones.com/calmusic.html
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1864 Colorado Massacre
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Treasury Shredded Evidence A court-appointed investigator, Alan Balaran, released a report December 7 that the Treasury Department shredded potential evidence in a multi-billion-dollar lawsuit over American Indian trust funds, then covered it up for more than three months. Mr. Balaran said the shredding and cover-up were "part of a greater pattern of obfuscation" by the government in the lawsuit over the mishandling of accounts for more than 300,000 Indians now worth about $500 million. Orange County Register, 12-7-99 |
Branding the
government's century-old mismanagement of Indian trust fund money as
"inexcusable," a federal judge pledged (December 21) to
oversee reform of a program that will pay thousands of Native Americans
as much as $2.5 billion in royalties that are due them. Los Angeles Times, 12-21-99
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A
Buffalo named Miracle Orange County Register, 12-18-99 |
Photographic Documentation Smithsonian Institution, No. 98, Autumn 1999
Code Talker |
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San
Sebastián de Puerto Rico
Web site by Carlos A. Lopez Fortunate the Puerto Rico researcher with an interest in San
Sebastián. Carlos A. Lopez Dzur is an outstanding historian,
genealogist, researcher and writer. He has indexed and compiled an
excellent collection of source documents, each fully identified. An
English/Spanish option is given to the viewer. The web site is very easy to
maneuver,
is bright, artistic, and a wealth of material. Please check it out. Fuentes Consultadas is presented in its entirely. However the
other divisions, Archivos, Fuentes Orales, Enlaces, Articulos y
Monografias,and Bibliografía are only examples of what is
available, a very small representation of what you will find on his
web site. |
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| Fuentes
Consultadas
A.G. I. — Archivo General de Indias, cuya sede es la Casa Lonja de Sevilla (España). L.D.S. — Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Days Saints's
Archives A.G.H.P.R. — Archivo General Histórico de Puerto Rico (con sede en San Juan de Puerto Rico). A.R.A.P.R. — Archivo de la Real A.N.W.— Archivo Nacional de A.C.A. — Archivo de la Corona de R.I.C.P.R. — Revista del Instituto G.P.R. — Gaceta de Puerto Rico U.P.R. — Universidad de Puerto B.C.I.A.C. — Biblioteca del Centro f.s.n. — folio sin numerar Archivos Introducción «Carta del Gobernador Ramírez de Estenoz», 16 de agosto de 1757, en: A.G.I., Sección Santo Domingo, legajo 2282, fol. 5. «Carta de Muesas a J. Arriaga», «Carta a S. M. de Francisco Danio», «Testimonio de la causa fulminada por «Real Cédula al Gobierno de Puerto «Carta del Consejo de Indias «Acta del 1 de diciembre de 1813», «Actas del 1 de julio y 2 de agosto Enlaces Pobladores Comevacas y Tiznaos / Comevacas y Tiznaos / Comevacas y Tiznaos / Bibliografía Cartas de los lectores Unionismo y Anexionismo: Sus Raíces Binacionales Alcaldes y Funcionarios Personajes Ilustres ¿De qué hablaban nuestros El sentido histórico de los Tipos |
FUENTES
ORALES
Entrevista con Don Andrés Jauarena, realizada el 13 de octubre de 1978. Este fue hijo de Pedro J. Jaunarena y Azcue (1859-1940), víctima de las Partidas Sediciosas de 1898. Ofreció datos interesantes sobre la vida de las familias Laurnaga Orfila y Orfila Mercadal y el ataque sufrido por Pedro José a manos de una partida dirigida por Flores Cachaco. Jaunarena informaría, por ejemplo, el carácter mayorista del comercio de los empresarios Orfila Laurnaga y Mercadal, así como sus nexos con el comercio de Aguada; en la misma situación de privilegio situó a las familias de Joaquín Vidal, Sagardía Torréns, los propietarios Cebollero, Prat y Monagas, todas con vínculos familiares y comerciales en Añasco. Entrevista con Delfín Bernal Serrano, realizada 5 de septiembre de 1978. Este fue hijo de Victorino Bernal Toledo (1838-1918), otra de las víctimas de las Partidas Sediciosas en Pepino. El narraría, en entrevista, sobre el ataque de los tiznaos a la casa de su padre, el sacrificio de la yunta La Maravilla y otras memorias sobre el años anteriores a 1898. Don Delfín contó que, en Hatillo, donde también hubo actividad sediciosa y antiespañola, sus padres temieron por sus parientes, como ellos, procedentes de Islas Canarias, a saber, don José Bernal Delgado García y Antonia Toledo González. Mencionó atropellos contra las familias Pavía Conca, Hernández, Vilella y Font. Entrevista con Antonio González Rodríguez, realizada el 16 de julio de 1978. Don Antonio nació en 1892 en el barrio Pozas. Contaría, en la entrevista realizada, sobre (los) «recuerdos de mi madre sobre la época de los Compontes, los corsetes y bibilones». Ella (Ana Rodríguez) fue cocinera del hacendado Joaquín Vidal, natural de Mallorca, España, y quien tuvo un extenso fundo agrícola en el barrio Perchas. Este trajo a El Pepino el primer molino hidráulico de melao de azúcar. Alegó que un amigo de la familia Vidal, el lareño Arturo Vilella, «pidió ayuda a los yanquis cuando las partidas sediciosas atacaron la hacienda de Vidal, secuestrándolo con el fin de matarlo. Vilella brincaba anchos zanjones alambrados para conducir a los yankis hasta la hacienda de Perchas(# 2)». ARTICULOS Y MONOGRAFIAS Carta de Andrés Méndez Liciaga a José de Diego, en: El Regional (San Sebastián), Año IV, Núm. 186, 9 de diciembre de 1916 y nota sin título de A. Méndez Liciaga, en loc. cit., Año III, Núm. 146, 2 de agosto de 1915. «Sangrando por la Herida», en: El Regional (San Sebastián), Año II, Núm. 79, 4 de noviembre de 1914 y «Carta Política», del Dr. José A. Franco Soto, 15 de mayo de 1916, donde responde a quejas del Lcdo. Tomás Byran, de Lares. Datos sobre la Casa Laurnaga ; cf. en loc. cit., Año II, Núm. 47, 28 de marzo de 1914. Sobre organizaciones obreras y recreativas, cf. Núm. 39, 24 de enero 1914. «Evolución del sistema político», en: El Mundo (San Juan), 31 de julio de 1980; Resultados eleccionarios, cf. edición del 10 de noviembre de 1932 y 5 de noviembre de 1936, p. 8; Dr. J. A. Franco, Dr. Franco relata su misión en 1898, artículo sobre Guerra Hispanoamericana, el 18 de enero de 1952, ps. 17 y 24; J. Padró Quiles y polémica con el pintoresco párroco José Aponte, 31 de marzo de 1942. Sobre la Toma del Ayuntamiento de Ciales, el 13 de agosto de 1898, por una partida de 600 cialeños, al mando de Virgilio Ramos Casellas y Ramón Montes González, vid. cf.: Apuntes para la historia de Ciales, en: El Mundo (San Juan), domingo 17 de diciembre de 1978, ps. 12A y 6C, escrito por Juan M. Delgado. Bibliografía Abbad y Lassiera, Fray Iñigo, Historia geográfica, civil y natural de la isla de San Juan de Puerto Rico (Edición Acosta, San Juan, 1966). En este trabajo suyo, en 1788, se censó el vecindario de El Pepino en 190 familias, con 1,053 vecinos. El sector urbano constaba de 17 casas alrededor de la Iglesia, según Abbad. «Cogen en abundancia cuantos frutos cultivan y venden con prontitud en el puerto de Aguadilla, aunque los habitantes de estos pueblos, aprovechándose de los bosques, cuidan más de criar cerdos y vacas en los hatos y estancias que de cultivar las tierras». American Heritage: Illustrated History of the United States. A World of Power (Silver Burdett Press, Inc., 1989), v. 12, ps. E-436, 998 y 1013. Añeses Morell, Ramón, Apuntes para la historia de Aguadilla (1949). Bailey, W. y Justine Diffie, Porto Rico: A Broken Pledge (The Vanguard Press, New York, 1931) ofrece un análisis de las promesas rotas de la Proclama del General Nelson Miles, del 28 de julio de 1898. Bastide Chambord, Arsenio, Viajes y Notas de Cortesanas de Prats de Lluçanes (Taller Tipográfico de Rabassa, Barcelona, 1909, 124 ps.). Introducción de Rita Eulalia Alicea Prat de Bastide (1852-1917). Es una recopilación de cartas, diarios incompletos de cinco mujeres de la provincia barcelonesa (se incluye Berga, Vich y Llobregat). Estas damas hicieron vida en cortes y salones literarios en París, Madrid, Barcelona y Londres, y fueron respetadas por su cultura, belleza y acompañantes. Bastide Chambord no sólo reúne cartas personales, trozos de memorias autobiográficas, sino que conoció a los hijos, amigos y parientes, de algunas. E hizo con tal material su propio ejercicio de historia oral y documentación. |
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El Centro Cultural Puertorriqueqo de Nueva York web: http://CentroNYS.virtualave.net
9th annual Ibero-American Summit Jamaica
Jamaican genealogy online-contains 1840 Jamaica Almanac, the official list
of over 7,000 property owners, names and size of their property. it contains
some eyewitness accounts of early Jamaican life and also offers research of
Jamaican vital records. http://maxpages.com/jamaicanfamily |
Sephardic
House
Sephardic house is making a survey to try to determine how many Ladino
speakers there are today. If you are a Ladino speaker or know of
others, contact the Sephardic House. This information will be
forwarded to the National Commission for the Preservation of Ladino in Israel
head by Mr.Yitzchak Navon.
Termine la anyada i sus maldisyones! Pious Sephardic House of my soul,
May the year with its curses terminate! This
year I was overcome with happiness because, for the first time in my
life, I spent the holy days of Rosh Hashana in the Sephardic community
of Seward Park, here in the city of Seattle. Hawaiian Dialect Pidgin English is the common language spoken in Hawaii multi-ethnic neighborhoods for more than a century. It evolved on the sugar and pineapple plantations where tens of thousands of contract workers from Asia, Puerto Rico and Portugal were thrown together. Each group sprinkled words from its culture into the stew of English and Hawaiian. Current conflicts
center on the use of Pidgin in the classroom. Gov. Ben Cayetano sees
no reason for using it in classrooms when students face a world ruled by
"the king's English." Local writer Lois-Ann Yamanaka says
pidgin is an integral part of island life that should not be
suppressed. "Every time we close the door on pidgin, we close the
door on culture," she says.
Recommended by Dr. Rosa
Abella, University of Miami Pioneros Cubans en
USA, authored by J. Isern Can be borrowed from the University of Miami
through interlibrary loan UCLA has a set of Cuba, Isla Abierta, authored by
Levi Marrero, 5 volumes on the history of Cuba, goes by centuries, sometimes
in periods.
Costa Rica |
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Along Those Lines, This article is part of an article from the Geneva Heights FHC web site, a great genealogical cyper space resource. To subscribe send an Email message to Ileen Johnson, editor, at ileenj@sisna.com with SUBSCRIBE in the subject line. For more information, see: http://users.sisna.com/ileenj/ Genealogy is all about surnames. Surnames, dates, events and history are the things with which we are most concerned. Sometimes it seems impossible to locate the surnames of the people we're seeking. Either they weren't in the place where we thought they were or the names in the are different. ~ Places Where Name Variants
Occur~
~ Vital Records~ ~
Religious Institutions' Records~
~ Land Records~
~ Ships' Passenger Lists~ ~ Immigration and Naturalization Records~ there certainly are situations where people's names were written phonetically. There were immigrants who decided to Americanize their surname on arrival. |
~ Newspaper Records ~ ~ Legal and Not So Legal Name Changes~ ~ Helping to Get Around The Problem~ |
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A government appointed panel
wants to hear what average Americans have to say about the promise and
drawbacks of genetic testing. Gene tests that promise to predict a person's
future health are being sold to Americans, for hundred of dollars a piece. |
Beautiful models are selling their eggs for sale in an Internet auction touching off a fierce debate over the ethics of women selling their eggs. The Center for Surrogate Parenting, Inc. and Egg Donation Inc. has 350 women in its database and they get $2,500 to $3,000 for an egg. Opening the selling of the eggs to auctions has brought at least one bid for $42,000 which appeared legitimate. The Associated Press, 10-26-99
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New dates for the Neanderthal period means there was an overlap of 3,000 to 4,000 years with modern humans in central Europe. Fred H. Smith, an anthropologist at Northern Illinois Univ. said a recent find strengthens the theory that Neanderthals and modern humans did mate and produce children who had genes from both species. Some DNA has been recovered from ancient bones, he said. Researchers in Sweden are attempting to compare gene fragments from Neanderthals to that of modern humans. Paul Recer, The Associated Press via Orange County Register, 10-26-99 |
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Britain's House of Lords October 26, 1999, members of the House of Lords voted to end the right of hereditary peers to sit and vote in Britain's upper chamber of Parliament. The bill was approved by the body, 221-81. While the bill ends the 800 year right of hereditary peers to be lawmakers, they retain their titles and estates. The 34-year old, Earl of Burford complained volubly that the bill removed "inalienable rights granted to my family by King Charles II in 1684." 10-27-99 Australia Ted Smout, 101 years old, Australia's oldest living veteran, wants to end the nation's constitutional monarchy. Changing demographics make the system unnecessary, he says. Mr. Smout explained further that during World War I they fought under the British flag and everyone in Australia was of English origin. Now Australia is a "Diaspora of migrants from 165 nations, and its dependency on Britain for trade has shifted to Asia. - - having a British as an Australian head of state today is an absurdity." [Editors note: Citizens voted to continue under the British monarchy] Rohan Sullivan, The Associated Press from Sydney, Australia, 11-3-99 |
On November 5, 1999, a decision was made to
allow seventy-five hereditary peers in
Britain’s House
of Lords to retain their seat, the vast majority of the more than 750
hereditary peers will lose the right to sit and vote beginning next week
under a reform bill pushed through by Prime Minister Tony Blair’s Labor
government. Popcorn Andrew F. Smith author of the new "Popped Culture: A Social History of Popcorn in America states, "Popcorn is partly about what it means to be an American." Smith's research suggests that although the corn was slow to make its way up from Mexico and Central America, it is mentioned in a report to London's Royal Society in 1662. Orange County Register, 10-6-99 |
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Parable of the Popcorn Behold, at the time of
the harvest, the ears of corn did bring forth kernels which were dried
and prepared for the popper's hand. |
Each day we find ourselves faced with the decision of how well we will
perform. Our supervisors apply the heat of the assignment and
expect us to yield our best. We can choose to give our all and
bring satisfactory results. Or, we can hold back of what we should
give and feel regrets and lack of fulfillment. Or, we can choose
to do little or nothing and eventually be thrown out.
The
choice is ours |
