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Dedicated
to Hispanic Heritage |
| TABLE
OF CONTENTS
APRIL 2001, Issue 4
Editor: Mimi Lozano, mimilozano@aol.com |
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"We should conceive of the border more as a joining
line than as a dividing line. Let us make the proximity of our peoples
into a source of solutions, instead of a generator of controversies."
President Vicente Fox, California Legislature address, March 21, 2001 |
| Special
Features Mexico Trade Center United States Call for Papers- 2002 Conference Cartoon - Sergio Hernandez Census Sources for Government Data Latinos Recruited into Military Oral History Latino Internet Media American Family Immigration Hispanic Engineer's Awards Orange County, CA April 18 NARA Workshop April 21 Family History Fair April 23, NARA Workshop Wedding Fever
Los
Angeles, CA California |
Natural Disasters Texas Mexico |
Cultural Resources Global Connections Vital Records CD Chicano Research Chihuahua Census Colonial Angels Female Employment Teotihuacan Sonora Place Name Index Caribbean/Cuba April 7 Cuban Festival Searching for Roots Hisp Genealogical Soc of NY Puerto Rican Research International News Emancipation Freedman's Bank CD African-American URLs El Mundo en Espanol Verdugo o Berdugo History Shouts from the Wall Ships Database Coronado URL Miscellaneous |
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Society of |
Information
on Genealogical events, subscribe to GEN-EVENTS-L-request@rootsweb.com http://www.rootsweb.com/~autwgw/gencon/list.htm Beginners: Search the SHHAR networking email listing, contact others by surname interest. Use the resources in the Beginner file. http://members.aol.com/shhar Read older issues of Somos Primos. |
Board Members: Bea Armenta Dever Edward B. Flores Mimi Lozano Holtzman Gloria Cortinas Oliver Carlos Olvera Peter Carr Laura Arechabala Shane Infor: 714-894-8161 |
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With Warm Thanks to Contributors Frank
Alvarez |
Dick
Clift Alfredo Cruz Gilbert Feliciano Charles Fourquet Elsa P. Herbeck Sergio Hernandez Zeke Hernandez Win Holtzman Anthony Garcia George Gause George & Benita Gray Jose O. Guerra Alex King Cindy LoBuglio Patsy C. Ludwig |
José
Natera Donie Nelson Eliseo Martinez Carlos Olamendi Gloria Oliver Dr. Nancy Porras-Hein Andres Rivero Sister Mary Sevilla Tom Sevy Mira Smithwick Steven Townsend Antonio Uribe Sam Quito Padilla Bob & Karen Wetherell John B. Wright |
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SPECIAL FEATURES |
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Mexico's First Trade
Center Established |
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Santa
Ana is the first of three Mexico Trade Centers to be set up. Dallas and
Chicago centers will be opening in the fall.
The Mexico Trade Center is in the International Business Center. The
center will provide a one-stop place for businesses to establish trade
partners with Mexican states. Mexico became Orange County's top trading
partner in 1999. Last year the county tallied almost $2 billion in trade
with Mexico. Orange County Register, 3-23-01 |
| José Natera, on the left is the National Director of the Mexico Trade Centers. Alfredo Cruz, is Director of the Mexico Trade Center in California. |
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The Mexico Trade Center is located on the 10th floor.
On the street level is a brightly lit show room which will house art,
handicrafts, clothing and items available for import from Mexico.
The goal is to have a representative from each of the 32 Mexican
states available
and housed at the Trade Center to facilitate commerce between Mexico and
Orange Co. |
| The International Business Center is located next door to the Mexican Consulate, with only a parking facility separating the two. It is half a block from Santa Ana Civic Center, and about four blocks from Main Street, Santa Ana. The latest census reports Santa Ana is 76% Latino. |
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| Read
the following articles for further explanations of how dollars earned by
immigrants could assist in public works projects in Mexico.
The concept is to remove the middle-man when immigrant workers send money
to their families in Mexico. A small percentage of the cost for the
transfer of money could be identified and used to benefit the home
community of the worker sending the funds. |
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Crossing a cash frontier FINANCES: |
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Further explanation was given in
New York Times article Concerning the Trust Card. Another system set to start within weeks, called Trust Card, is the brainchild of 11 Mexican and Mexican-American businessmen. For $5, a person receives two cards compatible with most automated teller machines. An employer sends some of the person's salary by direct deposit to an automated clearinghouse. For a $3.50 fee, plus 1 percent of the transaction, the money can be withdrawn by a family member in Mexico, who has the second card. For a $300 transaction, for instance, the fee would be $6.50 - less than one-quarter of the upfront cost charged last year by Western Union. Article extract from The New York Times via Orange County Register, 3-9-01 |
| Brain-child of Carlos Olamendi, explained to your editor that a small fraction of each Trust Card transaction will be set aside as funds to promote social program beneficial to Mexicans and Mexican-Americans on both sides of the border. March 5, 2001 |
| Puebla-Panama Plan The plan is to develop southern Mexico and Central America and create jobs that could help stem the tide of migrations to the United States. "We want to begin construction of great corridors of highways and railroads, of pipelines and electric lines, of ports and airports, that quickly and efficiently connect all the development zones from Panama to Mexico," said President Vicente Fox. Mexico alone plans to spend $420 million this year on the development plan. Article extract written by Morris Thompson for Knight Ridder Newspapers via Orange County Register, 3-13-01 |
| As
Governor of Guanajuato, President Vicente Fox helped to put in place
the Guanajuato Financing Funds. The program aims
to help workers with some existing skill, such as carpentry, create or
expand businesses. It provides training and loans of about $500 to
$2,500 to start-ups, and loans of $2,500 to $50,000 for expansion.
The two programs together have generated about 24,000 jobs in Guanajuato
using about $141.1 million in loan funds. Another loan program helps women in low-income families, especially in the countryside, where work is even scarcer. That program has made about 8,500 loans of $250, on average, to 36,000 Guanajuato residents, mostly women, since 1998. Orange County Register, 2-21-01 |
| The Mexican government's
development bank, Nacional Financiera (Nafin) said it had established a
special fund for businesses run by U.S. Hispanics interested in
investing south of the border. The fund will have $20 to $25
million provided by public and private investors from both the United
States and Mexico. The U.S. Small Business Administration is also
taking part in the fund.
Hispanic, March 2001 Return to Table of Contents |
| The number of Latino-owned
businesses nationwide grew by 30% between 1992 and 1997 - four times the
rate of all firms. Despite the increase in numbers and revenues,
Latino businesses in the United States remained disproportionately small,
with only 1% of the $18.6 trillion in overall gross receipts respectively. According to 1977 data, Orange County has more than 24,000 Hispanic-owned businesses, 25.5% more than 1992. Orange County Register, 3-2201 |
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CALL FOR
PAPERS TO PRESENT
Must be received by May 1, 2001 |
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| The 2000 census count of 35.3
million Hispanics nationwide was about 2.5 million higher than
estimated. Both the Census Bureau and the Immigration and
Naturalization Service said March 22 that the estimates were preliminary
ad could change once more extensive data are released this year. Orange County Register, 3-23-01 |
49 million enrolled K-12. 16 % black 15 % Hispanic OCR, 3-23-01 Report: American Assn. of University Women. School dropout rates for American women, 16-24 : Hispanic 30% black 12.9% white 8.2% OCR, 3-6-01 |
Hispanics, 57% are high school
graduates, up 4% from 1990.
10.6% graduated from college.
88% of non-Hispanic whites are high school graduates. March 2000, OCR, 3-6-01 Sent by Gloria Oliver
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| 2000 census included 63 race options, while 1990 had only five choices. |
| Extracts
from . . .
Hispanics set to overtake Blacks America's biggest minority from Ben Macintyre in Washington THE Hispanic population in the United States has ballooned by 60 per cent over the past decade to the point where the number of Latinos is now roughly equal to that of blacks, according to the latest census figures. The statistics have huge implications for domestic policy, the allocation of funds, marketing trends and the redrawing of electoral boundaries. Population analysts have long predicted that Hispanics would one day become the largest US minority, but the rapid swelling of the Latino community is bringing that outcome faster than expected. Indeed, it may already have arrived. The total number identifying themselves as Hispanic stands at 35.5 million, or about 12 per cent of the American population, while African Americans number 36.4 million. Some 1.7 million people identified as black also ticked another racial grouping. The mixed-race quotient in the Hispanic population has yet to be calculated. One outcome of the surge in Latino numbers may be increased friction with blacks, given the history of tension between the two groups. "We have to face it and deal with it," Marisa Demeo, a lawyer with the Mexican American Legal Defense and Education Fund, told The Washington Post. Political and marketing campaigns are now likely to be increasingly tailored to Hispanic consumers, with more Spanish-language advertisements and an emphasis on bilingualism among politicians. Compiling the 2000 census has proved to be intensely controversial, particularly in regard to the decision to allow respondents to identify themselves as belonging to more than one race or ethnicity. The multi-race option was opposed by some minority and civil-rights groups, who feared that it would limit their leverage and complicate the enforcement of laws against racism. Others said that allowing individuals to tick more than one category made it more difficult to track minority progress. The huge growth in the Hispanic population is largely due to increased immigration. Sent by Frank Alvarez Return to Table of Contents |
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Over 2376
Free Searchable Public Record Databases, set up by state. |
| WHO HAS THE DATA? Does your state, province, county, parish, or church have a database available that has not yet been placed on RootsWeb and that you think would be of interest to genealogists and historians? Do you have a database other than your personal family tree (personal genealogies are best posted
at WorldConnect http://worldconnect.rootsweb.com/ ) that you would like to share that you think would be of value and interest to others? In most cases, RootsWeb would be proud to host them. Please use the data submission form to tell us about such databases: http://userdb.rootsweb.com/submit.html
SOCIAL SECURITY DEATH INDEX (SSDI) UPDATE. The January 2001 SSDI
update is in place. 231,045 new records were added and the new total is 65,305,429. See
http://ssdi.rootsweb.com/ |
| Recruiting
Latinos into the Military The Army hopes to sign up more Latinos and dispel negative impressions with new advertising campaign. The Army is spending $150 million during the fiscal year ending September 30 to get its message across to potential recruits. The budget includes $11.3 million for Spanish-language advertising and $3.5 million for ads that target African Americans. "Our message is aimed at 18-24 year-olds, but we're focusing on activities parents can see and relate to in order to get a sense of what their children will be going," said Maj. Andrew Fortunato, deputy director of advertising and marketing for the Marine Corps. Los Angeles Times, 3-14-01 |
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Chicano Studies - Adding character through Oral History Gathering Under the Department of Chicano Studies, California State University, Fullerton offers a class called Chicano Family History. Taught by Dr. Nancy Porras-Hein, her students are encouraged to interview family members and compile personal family histories. Although the class is identified as Chicano Family, the students were ethnically very diverse. Dr. Porras-Hein said that is the usual make-up with liberal art students and community teachers adding to the numbers. Dr. Porras-Hein shared a special students project with roots in Mexico. The student had gathered some interesting oral histories, giving life and character to his ancestors, and perhaps providing clues for further research. His grandfather first came to the United States when he was 14 years old, returning at about 18 to work in Los Angeles and send money home to his family in Mexico. The grandfather as a youth, received work through Roosevelt's New Deal and the WPA, working on the Los Angeles River and various canals throughout the Los Angeles area. Shared by Dr. Nancy Porras-Hein Return to Table of Contents |
| Latino.com Goes Off-line Announcement by Lavonne Luquis, Latino.com, Inc. in March. The past year has been brutal for Internet
companies, and despite our
best efforts we were unable to raise the necessary funds to continue to operate a company that while promising, was not able to turn a profit. Our financial woes aside, we leave with great memories of serving our community and hope you will remember Latino.com
with fondness. |
HispanicOnline.com
Expands Hispanic Publishing Corporation which owns Hispanic, Vista and Hispanic Trends magazine has expanded HispanicOnline.com. Publisher Sam Verdeja said, "Hispanic Online's ultimate goal is to become an indispensable source of relevant information fro every Hispanic." www.HispanicOnline.com www.HispanicMagazine.com www.VistaMagazine.com http://www.HispanicTrends.com |
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American Family Immigration
History Center Grand Opening,
The Statue of Liberty-Ellis Island Foundation, Inc. has announced the
development of an exciting new family genealogy
facility. To be housed in
the Ellis Island Immigration Museum and accessible via the Internet,
The
American Family Immigration History CenterTM
will use state-of-the-art interactive computer technology to bring the
immigration records on ancestors who came to this country as long as a
century ago to one's fingertips... to be completed in Spring 2001.Over 113 million Americans are presently engaged in family
history research. This innovative center will provide guidance to both
adults and children in the fascinating task of tracing one's roots. Editor's note: Sister Mary Sevilla will be attending the opening, so expect more in the May issue. |
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The Hispanic Engineers National Achievement Awards Conference Deadline: May 15, 2001 (HENAAC) is offering the HENAAC/Ford Science and Engineering Scholars Program. Seven $5,000 scholarships will be given to college or graduate level students in one of the following majors: math , computer science, material science or engineering. Students must have an overall GPA of 3.0 or higher. Log onto http://www.henaac.org for detailed information and to download the scholarship form. Or request an application via e.mail at adm9@mellcom.com or by calling (323) 262-0997. Return to Table of Contents |
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2001 Family
History Fair- Free Thirty-Five free classes,
representing a global perspective are offered for family researchers How to Start - -How to
Organize- -How to use popular Software- -How to Publish a Family
History |
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National Archives and Records Administration |
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Wedding Fever Marriage licenses in Orange County have more than doubled
recently. Some couples are tying the knot to reap the benefits of
an immigration law passed in December. Among its many provisions, the
law allows people who are in the country illegally to apply for
"green cards" without leaving the United States - for an
additional $1.000 fee, and only if they have a close family member
(i.e., a husband or wife who's a U.S. citizen or legal resident) or an
employer sponsoring them. |
| Tens
of thousands of couples across the country are racing to get hitched
before April 30, motivated by an obscure provision of federal law that
gives illegal immigrants an easier path to lawful status if they marry
by then. The law inadvertently sent marriage rates soaring, with
increases of 50% to 300% reported this year in such immigrant-rich
cities as Los Angeles, Houston and New York.
Los Angeles Times, 3-15-01 Return to Table of Contents |
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Tales of the Telles Family by Ray Mireles, Ph.D. ,
April 7 and 21
Mr. Mireles long time researcher into the history of the Tellez
family will be giving the same presention on both days. At the
GSHA-SC April meeting, Saturday, April 7, 2001, Dr. Mireles is member of GSHA-SC & has been tirelessly researching the Telles
family of New Mexico for over 10 years. Despite roadblocks and dead-ends, he
has compiled a substantial amount of information which he will share at this
meeting. The GSHA-SC meeting has a full day schedule of
activities. For more information, contact, Donie Nelson
at: With thanks to Donie Nelson and Sam Quito-Padilla |
| Blessings
of the Animals, April 14, 2001 at Olvera Street This century old tradition of blessing the animals, for the benefits that have provided mankind. All family pets are welcome. El Mensaje, Vol. 20, # 2, April-June 2001 (949) 653-1088 (310) 847-4147 |
| The
Museum of Latin
American Art has a wonderful
schedule of art displays, concerts, and cultural events. Located at: 628
Alamitos Ave., Long Beach, CA 90802, 562-437-1689 Please check them out at: http://www.molaa.com Special events this month include Tablado Flamenco, Sol y Canto, Pancho Sanchez, and next month, a Cinco de Mayo Fiesta. Calendars of events, look at SHHAR's calendar file: http://members.aol.com/shhar |
| Where
Latino-Owned Firms Are California 336,405 Texas 240,396 Florida 193,902 New York 104,189 New Jersey 36,116 Statistics combined: Los Angles Times and Orange County Register, 3-22-01 |
California
is now home to 28-30% of the nation's 1.12 million Hispanic-owned firms, whose
total revenues topped $186 billion in 1997 and whose payrolls counted 1.3
million jobs. Although Latinos have increased their share of businesses in California to 13.1 %, that number is relatively low given that Latinos make up 28-30% of
California's population |
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State Creates Office to Aid Immigrants In an effort to combat fraud and other scams that victimize immigrants and non-English speakers in California, Atty. Gen. Bill Lockyer on Friday announced the creation of the Office of Immigrant Assistance. The new office within the state Justice Department is intended to provide education and outreach services to those in immigrant communities who hesitate to seek assistance from authorities because of their U.S. residency status. Lockyer said the move was the right thing to do, especially since one recent report estimated that 26% of the state's population is foreign-born. Since the 1960s, countless stories have surfaced about scam artists and others who have victimized immigrants: unscrupulous notarios, notaries public in the U.S., charging thousands of dollars for routine tax and immigration work; newcomers working for $2 an hour, far below the federal minimum wage of $5.15 per hour; people being tricked out of their savings and homes in bankruptcy scams. Extracts from article by George Ramos, Los Angeles Times, March 10, 2001 Anyone seeking assistance or information from the office can call (800) 952-5225 or (916) 322-3360 |
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Documentary Film by Mark Day Source: The P:ress-Enterprise, sent by Tom Ascensio |
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EVERY WORKER IS AN ORGANIZER -- FARM LABOR AND THE RESURGENCE OF THE UNITED FARM WORKERS Exhibition -- 58 photographs documenting farm labor in California and the activity of the United Farm Workers over the past decade. Images document the living and working conditions of field laborers throughout California. They explore the four-year campaign of the UFW among Watsonville strawberry workers, the strike at D'Arrigo Brothers Produce Co. in Salinas, and the month-long march from Delano to Sacramento, in which the union renewed its commitment to organizing in the fields. Oakland Museum of California, History Special Gallery 1000 Oak St., Oakland, CA 94607 March 30-August 26, 2001 manet@lmri.ucsb.edu |
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LOS CALIFORNIANOS To this end, Los Californianos publishes the Antepasados, biennially, and
the Noticias para Los Californianos, quarterly. These publications are
free to members. Other services, provided for a nominal fee, include the
Expediente Program that makes copies of Spanish and Mexican land grants
available. |
| Spanish-California Genealogy - A website dedicated to bringing together as much information as possible about our Spanish ancestors: http://www.spanishcalgen.com |
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Los Californianos Quarterly Meeting: |
| CAREM,
Camino Real Misionero de las Californias, Asociación Civil Volunteers of CAREM would be most thankful if you would please help us spread the word. I know many of our Primos would like to hear about a valuable bilingual publication, how to obtain it, with which at the same time they will be contributing to the preservation of historic sites in the northern peninsular state of Baja California (B.C., México). Fundación CAREM, A.C.--standing for Camino Real Misionero de las Californias, Asociación Civil--is a non-profit organization, chartered in May, 1997, by a group of volunteer Bajacalifornianos, conscious of the need to contribute to the promotion of research, rescue, preservation, and restoration of the cultural heritage within the northern peninsular state (B.C:), in coordination with the Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia (INAH). The current president of the organization is Sra. Ma. Antonieta R. de Arvizu, and the full postal address is: Fundación CAREM, A.C. Ave. Reforma 1333 Col. Nueva 21100 - Mexicali, B.C., MEXICO Tel. (526) 552-3591, Fax (526) 552-8279 Branch offices are located at Ave. Ryerson 99, Ex-Aduana Marítima, Ensenada, B.C., México, Tel. (526) 178-2531. February 20-25, 2001, the city of Tijuana, B.C., México, celebrated the first anniversary of the Museo de las Californias, located within the architecturally striking building complex of the Centro Cultural Tijuana (CECUT)--address: Paseo de los Héroes y Mina, Zona Río Tijuana, B.C.--operated under the federal aegis of the Consejo Nacional para la Cultura y las Artes (CONACULTA). Southern Californian residents and its visitors should certainly write down this wholesome cultural center as a "must". Sra. Aida Anchondo-Ibarra is the Director of the Museum, as well as chairman of the Proyecto de Rescate del Patrimonio Edificado de la Tijuana Centenaria, and a standing member and editorial consultant of Fundación CAREM, A.C. Yes, Tijuana deserves regard as a proud and booming city offering diverse cultural attractions, year-round host of cultural events which unfortunately are less likely to attract the attention of shocking-headline news media. The historical highlight of the festivities was the five-hour program of February 24th, with the magisterial presentations of three Bajacaliforniana scholars of singular renown, Dr. Ignacio del Río (aculturization process of the B.C. missions), Dr. W. Michael Mathes (comparison between the Missions of the Paraquaria and Northwest New Spain, with slides), and Harry W. Crosby (tracing the actual route followed by the Rivera y Moncada contingent of the 1769 expedition from Velicatá to San Diego, with slides). Each one and all captivated the audience summoned in a rarely given opportunity, which gathered academics, Bajacaliforniana buffs, and welcomed general public. Following the keynote presentations, archaeologist Julia Bendímez-Patterson, Director of Centro INAH/B.C., presented the public with the first number of a very promising biannual publication, CAMINO REAL MISIONERO DE LAS CALIFORNIAS, Year 1, Nbr. 1, Jan-May, 2001. Magazine size and profusely illustrated (color and black and white), for each article it provides full versions in both Spanish and English, so as to overcome any degree of language barrier--that no reader who is interested in our common history of the Californias be left out. Names of the authors and the titles of articles contained in this first issue speak for themselves: Julia Bendímez-Patterson's Invitation, pp. 2-3. Miguel Mathes: "The Colonial Period in Baja California", pp. 4-12. José María Muriá, "The Californias and the Mainland in the 18th Century", pp. 13-21. Anita Álvarez de Williams, "Calamajué", pp. 22-29. Harry Crosby, "El Camino Real in Baja California, Loreto to San Diego", pp. 30-43. Miguel León-Portilla, "Loreto: Mother of The Californias, Feat and Tragedy in the Land of Frontiers", pp. 44-49. Kenia Ramírez Garza, "Father Juan María de Salvatierra and The Jesuit Missionaries of Baja California, 300 Years After its Beginning in 1697" (Interviewing José María Muriá and Luis Sánchez Vázquez), pp. 50-61. José Raúl Navejas-Dávila, "Briefs of El Camino", pp. 62-73. The current issue of CAMINO REAL MISIONERO DE LAS CALIFORNIAS is available for $100 Pesos (roughly, $10 U.S. Cy.) at the bookstore of the Museo de las Californias, Tijuana. For subscriptions, mail orders (S/H additional), or further information, please contact Aida Anchondo: papa1@telnor.net > Also available, though only in Spanish: MUSEO DE LAS CALIFORNIAS (Tijuana, B.C., CONACULTA-CECUT, 1999, 120 pp., fine edition, full-color illustrations, moderately priced thanks to the numerous institutions, businesses and individuals who supported its publication. Rosa Elba Rodríguez Tomp, Harry Crosby, Salvador Bernabéu Albert, Dení Trejo Barajas, David Piñera Ramírez, Anita Álvarez de Williams, Marco Antonio Samaniego López, and Miguel León-Portilla, are the individual authors of its eight chapters. Return to Table of Contents |
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California's Hispanic Heritage
Resource on Everton Genealogical Helper There are a number of banner and other ads on this site, but
it is a free service, open to everyone
with an interest in California's Hispanic heritage. |
| The
California Missions On-Line Project
http://www.cuca.k12.ca.us/lessons/missions/Teachers/teachers.html Sent by Johanna de Soto Return to Table of Contents |
| "California
Becomes a Province of the Mexican Empire" by Michael R. Hardwick can be accessed at: http://www.getnet.com/~1stbooks/texas6.htm http://www.neta.com/~1stbooks/mex1.htm http://www.soldados.org/StBarbara/Califmex.htm Sent by Alex King and Cindy LoBuglio |
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Natural Disasters Changed "Los Californios"
The next year brought bountiful precipitation; tall, luscious, green grass on the ranges; and the birth of many calves. The crisis passed, so the Californios carried on in their old ways with expensive clothing, roundups and rodeos. Then, at 8:13 in the morning of January 9, 1857, the San Andreas Fault snapped. Centered at Fort Tejon, the earthquake sent shock waves through Southern California. It was probably as powerful as the quake felt in San Francisco forty-nine years later — 8.3 on the Richter scale. Throughout the previous night, beginning at 1:30 a.m., there had been tremblings and an unusual occurrence of four foreshocks, during which the ground opened up in places and hills seemed to explode in massive clouds of dust. The main shock tossed the Fort Tejon barracks around like children's toys. On the adjoining Rancho La Liebre, Edward F. Beale had placed a round sheep corral directly across from the unknown rift zone. On the morning of the disaster it had shifted into an "S" shape, to the amazement of the owner and the terror of the woolies, which ran for days. The old Asistencia at Castaic Junction, where Don Antonio del Valle's widow, children and new husband, José Salazár, still lived, was severely damaged. Curved roof tiles fell through wooden beams to the floor. Adobe walls separated and bricks smashed furniture as they fell, sending the panicked family outside for safety. When at last the earth settled, José Salazár surveyed the damage and decided to move the family into the sturdy little milk house below the crest of the hill. This was supposed to be a temporary move until the "Hacienda" (the old Asistencia) could be repaired. But Rancho San Francisco was already mortgaged to the hilt, so no money was available for restoration. Finally the principal creditor, William Wolfskill, had to foreclose. Wolfskill worked out a generous plan with Don Ygnacio del Valle under which all debts owed by the Salazárs were paid off, while Ygnacio was deeded five-elevenths of the rancho — the Camulos section. By 1861 the Salazárs were out of the picture and Don Ygnacio was free of the burden of their debts. He had already sold Rancho Tejon to General Beale to satisfy the creditors of his in-laws. The final, crushing blow came to the California rancheros just as the Monitor and Merrimac were engaged in the first sea battle between ironclad warships in the Civil War. A three-year drought began in 1862, drying up streams and springs and causing the grass to wilt under an incessant sun. Cattle fell by the thousands, filling the air with the stench of death as their rotting carcasses littered the countryside. The loss statewide was estimated at forty-one percent, but in Los Angeles, the "queen of the cow counties," grim statistics chronicled a staggering decline. By the time Lee met Grant at Appomattox in 1865, the Los Angeles herds had thinned from seventy thousand head to fewer than twenty thousand bony beasts — a loss of more than seventy-one percent. It was the death knell for the California dons. Prime beef was back to two dollars a head, where it had stood in the hide-and-tallow days. "California banknotes" started a way of life and ended it. The drama had come full circle. ©1998, THE SIGNAL · ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. Sent by Johanna de Soto Return to Table of Contents |
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California
General
Land Office / Bureau of Land Management http://www.ca.blm.gov/landpatents/ The Bureau of Land Management (BLM), established by Congress in 1946, inherited the functions and records of the General Land Office. Information presented here was derived from BLM´s Status database, and is a record of patents (deeds) issued by the United States in the State of California between 1856 and 1991. Because these records have been edited from the original, they are not "Official Government Records." However, every effort has been made to ensure they accurately represent the original. On-line Information Land patent information available from this site includes: Name of Patentee, Date, Location (Meridian, Township, Range, Section), Patent Certificate Number (or document identification number), Case File Number, and Case Type (authority). Further detail about Patent Certificate Number (document identification number) and Case File Numbers and transformation of the data is available. Searching for People Every patentee in the State of California is listed in a name index. The name index lists NAME, COUNTY, SERIAL NUMBER. Start your search with the name index. Once you find the person and the patent you are looking for, copy the serial number. The best way to copy the serial number is by highlighting the number with your left mouse button, then on your browser select edit and copy. Next go to The Official Federal Land Patent Records Site . Click the link Search Land Patents. At the bottom of the page there is a section titled: 2. Search by specifying a document identifier. In this section click to fill in the button next to BLM Serial Nr. Then with your left mouse button click in the space provided next to the button, and select edit on your browser and paste. The serial number will be inserted next to "BLM Serial NR." Below this, click on the search button. On the search results page, the Patentee should be the person you are looking for! Print this page for your records. If you should want a copy of the official patent from BLM you will need to send a copy of this page, via regular mail to BLM at the address listed below with the required fee. An alternate way to obtain this information is to note the county where the land is located, then return to this page and select the link to that county listed below. (All of the county information is in Adobe Acrobat format. If you do not have the program you can obtain it free from the Adobe Acrobat download page.) Older copies of Acrobat do not have the search capability. Click on the binocular icon to search in Acrobat. Several counties have been split into pieces in order to keep the file size manageable, but they are still large, please be patient. In addition to the name and county, the case file number is listed in the name index. Therefore if an individual has multiple patents in a county, each one is listed. Lands patented to the State of California and the railroads, while listed in the county pages, are not referenced in the index of names. Data is organized within each county file geographically, by meridian, township, range and section. If a section is split by a county line, it will only be found in one county. Therefore, some patents will be found in the the wrong county. Other Application Ideas Besides using information available at this site to search for individual names, the data can be used to map a variety of data themes. For examples of some additional uses please go to the California map demonstration. Information Available from BLM Sacramento
Orders and payments for information listed above must
be made in writing to the BLM Sacramento Office.
E-mail requests are not accepted. In addition, paper
copies of the records discussed on this site are
available from BLM. Branch of Customer Service and Records
Management Obtaining Information
from National Archives Submit your request for a Patent File on a copy of Form 84. To obtain the form, email a request to: inquire@nara.gov A copy of Form 84 is available on line for review. However the actual carbon-less form must be used to order files. In the body of the request, ask for Form 84 "Order for Copies of Land Entry Files", indicate how many copies of the form you want and provide your name and postal address so you can be sent the forms. (You can send your request for Form 84 by regular postage to above address). Sent by Johanna de Soto Return to Table of Contents |
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Latino influence on the rise in the Northwest |
| Nevada,
the state's Latino population is up sharply - tripled in a decade, from: 1990: 124,419 - 10.4% 2000: 355,452-393,970, or 17.8- 19.7% Los Angeles Times, 3-14-01 Steve Smith The number of Hispanic juveniles in Washoe County and Carson City has doubled
during the past decade, prompting officials Wednesday to predict changes in
curriculum and a need for more money. |
Growth signals shift in power; Census confirms population jump Steve Timko,
Reno Gazette-Journal Those concentrations of Hispanics signal shifts in economic and political
influence that didn’t exist a decade ago, said Bert Ramos, president of the
Latino Network, an affiliation of northern Nevada Latino organizations. for additional related census
stories about Latinos in Nevada. http://www.RGJ.com |
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PROFESSOR REVEALS FAMILY HISTORY FROM DNA http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/news/archive/2001/03/03/national1301EST0515.DTL http://www.harktheherald.com/article.php?sid=5622&mode=thread&order=0 For those who seem to hit a dead end in their genealogy, a BYU professor is working to fix this problem with a prick of a needle. Professor Scott Woodward is using DNA from blood that's being collected and analyzed to create a map of about 250 genetic markers. After collecting enough data, a supercomputer will then create a matrix of all those genes and the historical data from the donated family trees. Woodward says he will then be able to identify the genes residents carried during any timeframe in any country. Sent by Gloria Oliver Return to Table of Contents |
| At
least 11,000 people have donated blood so far, a bit more than the
initial one-year goal of 10,000, and Woodward hopes to collect another
30,000 samples this year. He figures he needs 100,000 for a solid
database, which he could have in three years. Associated Press, 3-3-01 |
In
1995 looters of Native American sites were caught through DNA evidence
left on a cigarette butt. Under the Archeological Resources Protection
Act, the thief received a sentence of 5 years. Los Angeles Times, 3-22-01 |
| BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY - MOLECULAR GENEALOGY PROJECT. Molecular Genealogy project goal is to link individuals together in 'family trees' based on the unique identification of genetic markers. To reconstruct molecular genealogies, it is necessary to utilize known biological relationship and correlate information with transmission of genetic markers through time. As individuals trace their biological relationships into the past, lineage will begin to 'coalesce' into common ancestors. For this study, blood tests will be used as the source for construction of the genealogical database. The genetic record that each individual retains may reveal important clues to their origin and relationship of other persons and populations. The objectives of the program are to determine the genetic composition of major populations throughout the world; reconstruct genealogies using genetic information; establish genotypic links in each population and between each of the populations; produce unique identifications for peoples that do not have traditional name-based genealogies; and to preserve the genetic heritage of an individual and family for future generations. To participate, one must be 18 years of age, submit a 4-generation pedigree chart, consent to and donate 10 cc of blood needed for the study. The testing dates are being set up and pre-registration will confirm a place. Pre-registration forms are available at most Family History Centers and from genealogy societies. Forms should include name, address, phone and e-mail and your first and second choice of sessions. With your phone and/or Email you will be notified if your first choice is not available. If you have a fax, a form can be sentl. Completed forms should be mailed to Molecular Genealogy Study, c/o Mel Stephensen, 8556 Pershing Ave., Fair Oaks, CA 95628. For more information on the project see http://molecular-genealogy.byu.edu/genealogy.htm Telephone contact in Sacramento, Mel Stephensen 916-967-2142, mel@lanset.com. Ann Karacas 916-372-0606; Lee Battershell 916-966-3166, Lbattershe@aol.com or Iris. Iris Carter Jones, President Genealogical & Historical Council of Sacramento Valley, ijones@ns.net |
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OFFICIAL CEMETERY VISITATION DAY -
all Areas of Texas Sunday, April 1 & October 7, 2001 - OFFICIAL CEMETERY VISITATION DAY - Sponsored by Save Texas Cemeteries and The Texas Legislature - "The first Sunday in APRIL and in OCTOBER were designated as CEMETERY VISITATION DAYS by the 75th Texas Legislature, Senate Resolution 591 and House Resolution 1097. This was sponsored by Save Texas Cemeteries. Visitors Guidelines and Property Owner Guidelines are available by sending a #10 business-size SASE and an extra loose stamp to cover the copy cost to Trevia Wooster Beverly at 2507 Tannehill Dr., Houston TX 77008-3052. Sent by Mira Smithwick |
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Oral History: Recording and
Preserving,
Wednesday, April 4, 2001 |
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Looking
ahead: Texas State Hispanic Genealogical convention in Houston |
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King Juan Carlos urges Texans to Remember their Roots During his 6-day visit to the United State, King Juan Carlos of Spain urged Texans to embrace their Spanish heritage through historical knowledge and cultural appreciation. Juan Carlos spoke at the Southern Methodist University. "The United States should not
forget that their country was formed by union with the southern states
where Spanish imprint was strong. Therefore, that Hispanic world is also
part of the history of the United States."
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Navigation of the Rio Grande "Saludos a todoa/todas... |
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Franklin Madis Collection: 1588-1910 1.7 linear ft. CITATION: Franklin Madis Collection, AR339, box number, Folder number, Special Collections Division, The University of Texas at Arlington Libraries. Mr. Madis began collecting Mexican documents and manuscripts in 1952 and to date has not stopped. His background, coupled with his interest in Mexico and its history, has afforded Mavis and his wife the opportunity to travel extensively and collect aggressively. Many of the items in the Madis Collection have come from individuals and families in Mexico and the United States, as well as from book and manuscript dealers in both countries. Though Mr. Madis has never had a clearly articulated collecting plan, he has acquired manuscript items which reflect the government, politics, legal aspects, religious affairs, and social life of Northern Mexico and Southern Texas. Not only a collector, Mr. Madis has spent long hours studying the history of Mexico and reading (and even translating) the manuscript materials in his collection Scope and Contents The collection dates from 1588-1910 and includes 170 file folders stored in four manuscript boxes. It is arranged in chronological order and divided in the following way: Box 1 includes material dating from 1588-March 14, 1789; Box 2 dates form 1793-June 20, 1823; Box 3 from January 22, 1825-May 12, 1849; and Box 4 dates from September 24, 1849-June 8, 1910. The collection is an artificial one in the sense that most of the items in it have no direct relation to the other items. The only common characteristics is that all items pertain to Mexico and all were collected by Mr. Madis. Because of these characteristics, the collection is difficult to generalize. It is comprised of a number of different types of documents, including sales titles for land and houses, wills, estate settlements, powers of attorney, legal papers, religious imprints, gubernatorial orders, royal orders and decrees, letters, laws, circulars, canceled loans, petitions, receipts, and official gazettes, Many of the items originated in New Spain, Monterrey, Durango, Nuevo Leon, Puebla, Zacatecas, Mexico City, and Coahuila. There are some materials relating to the Mexican American War, 1846-1848, in the collection. The following is an example of the variety of materials found in the collection. Box 1
Sent by Johanna de Soto Return to Table of Contents |
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Guerra
Family |
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Hispano Music and Culture of the Northern Rio Grande: The Library of Congress presents these documents as part of the record of the past. These primary historical documents reflect the attitudes, perspectives, and beliefs of different times. The Library of Congress does not endorse the views expressed in these collections, which may contain materials offensive to some readers.
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/rghtml/rghome.html
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Documentary Relations of the Southwest |
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MYRA ELLEN JENKINS
COLLECTION The Center of Southwest Studies' World Wide
Web site address is: III. Introduction/ Scope and Contents/ Biographical Note MYRA ELLEN JENKINS
COLLECTION This collection contains the files and records of Dr. Myra Ellen Jenkins, late noted state historian of New Mexico. A lifelong lover of history, she has left to researchers a treasure trove of materials, the main focus of which is the land and water rights of New Mexico's Pueblo Indians. As one of the foremost voices on Spanish land grants, Dr. Jenkins was often an expert witness for the tribes in court, and was honored by several governors as a "friend of the Pueblos." She considered herself a scholar dedicated to complete honesty, however, and refused any case that could not be supported by documentary research. As she put it, she "was not a hired gun." The collection also reflects Dr. Jenkins' dedication to accuracy in the teaching of New Mexico's history. For over 60 years, she faithfully cut newspaper clippings and tucked them into her files, with notes of "NO WAY!" or "a deathless gem!" or "YES!", along with any documentation to support her stand: articles, essays, copies of archival material. Approximately 99% of this collection is photocopies of documents held in repositories elsewhere; the value of having them here is that they are organized topically for handy use by researchers. The handful of original material mostly includes correspondence and historic receipts. When Dr. Jenkins passed away in 1993, it was learned that she had left her papers to Ft. Lewis College. In the summer of 1994, the Center of Southwest Studies used its funds to hire Cindy Jackinsky, an FLC senior history major, to process the collection. Under the supervision of the College archivist, Cindy went through the 40 boxes of material one by one. The result is a very thorough research collection with a personal touch, for "Dr. J"'s wonderful wit shines brightly throughout. For a chronology of Dr. Jenkins' life and work, see the first folders in Box 1. (Note to researchers: The greatest challenge in processing Dr. Jenkins' files was not in deciding what to keep, but in copying her 7000+ clippings. In an effort to balance the need to copy every clipping, while saving time and precious paper, several methods were tried. Some copies turned out very small, and apology is given ahead of time. Many clippings were made double-sided, so if one side did not turn out, well, just look ahead to see if it was recopied! Happy researching. cj8/94) Sent Johanna de Soto Return to Table of Contents |
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H-NewMexico
The H-NewMexico network will provide a forum for discussion of
the culture and history of New Mexico. The intended audience is both
academic and non-professional: historians and literature
teachers, writers, artists, New Mexico enthusiasts, and public historians,
just to mention a few. It will be a network for anyone who has an
interest in New Mexico and the Southwest --a place to propose ideas,
announce events, and engage in thought-provoking debate. To join H-NewMexico, send a message to listserv@h-net.msu.edu This announcement has been posted by H-ANNOUNCE, a service of H-Net, |
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Huerfano County, Colorado Schools http://www.rootsweb.com/~cohuerfa/huerfschools.htm
And here's another newsletter you should add to your "regular" online
reading: Quipu, the newsletter of the NM State Records Center & Archives Sent by Donie Nelson,
GSHA Vice President |
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New Mexico Forum
The interactive forum for NM is at http://www.cproots.com/_nm/tocproto.htm. Or it is accessible from the main page of NMG.org.at http://www.newmexicogenealogy.org/
It took some time getting it to work at 100% efficiency, but I think we are now on track. This forum can be used by genealogy and historical societies for club news, announcements, general discussions, and individual questions by researchers and club members. I invite everyone to answer questions that might be asked on the forum by researchers. |
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"New Mexico Prenuptial Investigations" Part two of the book from the Archivos Históricos del Arzobispado de Durango, 1760-1799" by Hendricks, Colligan and Steele. check out the site: http://archives.nmsu.edu/rghc/contents/newbook.html New Mexico Death Index Project is updated and you can see the progress of the project. the address is: http://www.nmia.com/~samquito/nmdi.html Sent by Sam-Quito Padilla G. at: samquito@nmia.com Return to Table of Contents |
CENSUS FIGURES CONFIRM RISE IN DIVERSITY
Extract of article
by Genaro C. Armas,
The Associated Press, Washington, 3-9-01 |
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Latino Presence Increases in the
South
North Carolina now has the largest Latino population of any southern state
except Texas and Florida. The Latino population in North Carolina more than
quadrupled in the last decade, exploding from less than 77,000 in 1990 to
between 335,115 and 378,963 last year. Among the jobs being filled are
meatpacking and poultry-processing plants. Among the first Latinos to
settle in the South were California transplants whose presence encouraged
immigrants to go there directly. |
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Calling
attention to the Hispanic Heritage Coalition of Illinois Gilbert Feliciano, Secretary Hispanic Heritage Coalition P.O. Box 1046 Elgin, IL. 60121-1046 Voice mail/Fax: (530) 684-7791 e-mail: HispanicHeritageCoalition@yahoo.com URL: http://www.geocities.com/hispanicheritagecoalition/ Return to Table of Contents |
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Casinos increase the numbers claiming lineage More than a dozen Indian groups in
Connecticut are seeking federal recognition, which would allow them to
open casinos. |
| Language of Ancestors heard in
Dream Seven years ago Jessie Little Doe Fermino in a dream saw Indian ancestors , she didn't recognize, speaking a language she knew but couldn't understand. It was Wopanaak - the Wampanoag language that hadn't been written or spoken for almost 150 years. The former social worker who has now earned a masters in linguistics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology is working full-time to teach fellow tribal members what she learned. She found a huge body of native written documents. The first Bible printed in the New World was a Wopanaak translation into phonetic Englilsh of the King James Bible by John Eliot. Scholars believe some 300 native languages were spoken in North America
when European colonization began. That has dwindled to about 155
languages today.
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"Mexican-American Genealogical Research: John is a dedicated researcher
and has put this very helpful 112- page book together to help others in
their quest. Cost is $19. including postage, please contact him
directly at: JohnnyPJ@aol.com |
|
| Among
the documents were examples of the following: Kansas State Birth certificate County of Los Angeles Death Certificate California Marriage document Record of funeral Naturalization: Declaration of Intention Petition for Naturalization Certificate of Arrival Certificate of Naturalization Alien Registration Form |
Parish
Baptismal Record Report of Inspection of immigrant Border Crossing identification card Mexican railroads in 1910 Marriage Bans Parish Marriage Document Example of LDS parish record microfilms Index Pasajeros a Indias Durango map showing Indigenous tribal areas Marriage in 1777 of two Indians Newspaper articles Military records Obituary |
| Mexico's indigenous peoples comprise 62 ethnic groups. They speak 91 languages and include descendants of major Mesoamerican cultures such as the Olmecs, the Toltecs and the Aztecs. According to estimates, they account for between 8.7 million and 10.6 million of Mexico's 97 million people. | "The
attitude in Mexico towards indigenous people has always been
schizophrenic. Unlike in the United States or Argentina, where
little mixing occurred between conquerors and the conquered, in Mexico
about 90% of the population is mestizo, of mixed Spanish and Indian
descent." Los Angeles Times, 2-23-01 |
The
indigenous population of Mexico is 12% and includes over 60 separate ethnic. |
| ERIC®
Clearinghouse on Rural Education and Small Schools Cultural Resources for Mexican American Education by Timothy Collins & Robert Hagerman http://www.ael.org/eric/digests/edorc994.htm Even though Mexican Americans are the fastest growing ethnic group in the U.S., their history and literature receive limited attention in schools. Incorporating Mexican American culture and history into the curriculum should help minimize cultural myopia characteristic of many students and cultural alienation that frequently contributes to school failure by Mexican American students (Escamilla, 1996). This Digest summarizes the contents of a number of helpful resources, most of which are on-line, and includes both academic and commercial sites. For a brief description of the following sites, click on: Sent by Johanna de Soto Return to Table of Contents |
| Global
Connections. . . . This is a wonderful site. http://globalconnekt.com/mexico.htm You can click on your state of interest and search the counties for specific information on municipal addresses and much, much more. Please look! Sent by Eliseo Martinez |
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Middle America-Mexico Vital
Records Index http://www.lds.org/media2/newsrelease/0,5637,203-1-3066,FF.html The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints announced the release of a new CD-ROM product called "The Middle America-Mexico Vital Records Index," which includes 1.9 million birth and christening and 300,000 marriage records from Mexico. The partial listing of records covers the years from 1659 to 1905. See the news release for online ordering and other information. John B.Wright john_wright@byu.edu Return to Table of Contents |
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History and Anthropology:
Conducting Chicano Research Martha Menchaca,
University of Texas, Austin http://www.jsri.msu.edu/RandS/research/ops/oc11.html The following two paragraphs should peak your interest to read the entire work. Abstract: About the Author: Her research and teaching interests are in history and anthropology, ethnicity, race, oral history and traditions, acculturation and assimilation, and legal and feminist theory throughout the Southwest and Mexico. Menchaca has authored numerous articles, reports, papers, and essays, and is currently working on a manuscript about the racial heritage of Chicanos Editors's Note: The following two paragraphs probably best reflect the very divergent paths taken by social scientists in explaining the Mexican-American, clearly detrimental to Mexican-Americans. On the one hand, in 1968 Octavio Romano wrote an article criticizing social scientists. It was entitled "The Anthropology and Sociology of the Mexican-Americans: The Distortion of Mexican-American History" (Romano-V 1968). Here Octavio Romano asserted that Anglo American scholars were generating a "deficit thinking" discourse, in efforts to blame Chicanos for the social and economic problems that Anglo American racism had generated. Romano brilliantly charged that Anglo American scholars, particularly anthropologists, failed to analyze how racism (and more specifically social segregation) had been used by the majority population to obstruct the social, economic, and political mobility of the Mexican-origin population. Romano urgently called Chicano students - and any person who opposed racism - to contest the stereotypes and racist propaganda that were being perpetuated about his people. These stereotypes, Romano argued, were dangerous because this was the ideological discourse used in the United States to blame Chicano culture for the social problems they were experiencing. On the opposing camp from Romano was William Madsen. Madsen and
Romano knew each other well, as they had worked together on the
"Hidalgo-Camaron Ethnographic Health Project," which resulted
in the production of Madsen's highly controversial book entitled
Mexican-Americans of South Texas (1964). Madsen was the project director
and Romano was a member of the ethnographic field research team. In his
book, Madsen argued that Mexican-American culture was the root cause of
their inability to succeed in America. That is, their inability to
become socially mobile was intrinsic to their culture. Sent by Johanna de Soto Return to Table of Contents |
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Chihuahua Census of 1822 The Chihuahua Census of 1822 contains information valuable to genealogical researchers who are looking for their ancestors. To order "The Chihuahua Census 1822" contact Patsy Ludwig..The book is 473 pages, size: 8 X 11. To buy a copy contact Hispanic Genealogy, 3345 Jarvis Ave., San Jose, CA 95118. A copy is $67.00. Sent by Patsy C Ludwig Paz2@ihot.com |
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Colonial Angels By Elisa Sampson Vera Tudela
"This is a fascinating, well-written, and suggestive account of the
intersections of gender and genre in writing by and about religious women in
colonial Mexico. . . . Sampson's overview of these women's narratives provides a
wealth of information about the personal lives and thoughts of a doubly silenced
group: cloistered religious women." Spain's attempt to establish a "New Spain" in Mexico never fully succeeded, for Spanish institutions and cultural practices inevitably mutated as they came in contact with indigenous American outlooks and ways of life. This original, interdisciplinary book explores how writing by and about colonial religious women participated in this transformation, as it illuminates the role that gender played in imposing the Spanish empire in Mexico. The author argues that the New World context necessitated the creation of a new kind of writing. Drawing on previously unpublished writings by and about nuns in the convents of Mexico City, she investigates such topics as the relationship between hagiography and travel narratives, male visions of the feminine that emerge from the reworking of a nun's letters to her confessor into a hagiography, the discourse surrounding a convent's trial for heresy by the Inquisition, and the reports of Spanish priests who ministered to noble Indian women. This research rounds out colonial Mexican history by revealing how tensions between Spain and its colonies played out in the local, daily lives of women.
http://www.utexas.edu/utpress/books/samcol.html |
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Age at Marriage and Female Employment in Colonial Mexico
by Claude Morin Paper read at the International Conference "Women's Employment, Marriage-Age and Population Change", University of Delhi, Developing Countries Research Center, March 3-5, 1997 This paper takes its lead from demographer John Hajnal who was so influential in the study of "marriage patterns" across time and space. For more than thirty years since his seminal contribution, Hajnal has been a major reference for historians and other social scientists who have endeavoured to untangle the connections between age at marriage and residential patterns in the past and in different societies. In his 1983 reappraisal, he made the "circulation of servants" an essential feature of the European households and thus added a socio-economic dimension to explain salient characteristics of the European marriage model, acknowledging that this system was regional and applied best to northwestern Europe. Three rules set this model apart: first, both women and men married several years after reaching sexual maturity (women at 22 or older, men at 26 and over) and a fair proportion never married; second, marriage usually coincided with the formation of a nuclear family conceived as a self-supporting economic unit; third, before marrying, young adults spent many years as domestic servants in urban or rural households.(1) As investigations were extended to other areas, it became clear that this model did not apply wholesale to them. Italy and the Iberian peninsula, for example, sheltered many nuptial systems, lived under various rules for household formation and followed different calendars for change.(2) ---------------- Colonial Mexico (or New Spain, as it was called during three centuries up to 1821) was first and foremost a multiracial society. The ethnic factor had a decisive impact on social hierarchies. Ethnicity has played a major role in the formation of the Mexican people. Hundreds of ethnies coexisted in ancient Mexico. Spaniards were to subsume all of them under one single label, that of "Indios". Negro slaves were soon imported from various parts of Africa. But the group that was to experience the fastest natural growth was that of "Castas", a term that applied to any nonwhite who was not clearly an Indio. The white component considered itself the American counterpart of the noble estate in Spain and sought to behave accordingly. Castas were affected by suspected illegitimacy or slavery in their lineage. Accordingly, contemporaries would distinguish between "mestizos", easily absorbed into the white group, at least at the individual level, and "mulatos", openly scorned upon. Colonial censuses and parish registers usually recorded racial identities. Distinctions based on race were repudiated in 1823, when every one was made a citizen of the new Mexican republic.(3) http://www.fas.umontreal.ca/HST/U/morin/pub/CIDHInd97.htm Sent by Johanna de Soto Return to Table of Contents |
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"Higher Things" -
Teotihuacan: City of the Birth of the Gods
William J. Hamblin and Daniel C. Peterson LDSWorld-Gems is pleased to share this weekly column written by scholars associated with the Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies (FARMS) at BYU. This weekly column will present thought-provoking essays on religious questions and topics. See http://www.farmsresearch.com See archive of recent columns at http://www.ldsworld.com/gems/farms Twenty-five miles northeast of Mexico City lies one of the greatest archaeological sites of the New World, the fabled Teotihuacan: "City of the Birth of the Gods." Although the valley of Teotihuacan had been settled by scattered small farming villages since at least the eighth century BC, its rise to prominence began only in the first centuries after Christ. Teotihuacan was the site of a sacred lava cave, which legend claimed was the place of the "first emergence," where the gods and humanity had been created, giving the site great sacred significance. Combined with the economic potential of the local obsidian resources, Teotihuacan rapidly developed as a religious and trade center. As population and wealth grew, a massive two-centuries long building project was undertaken, creating a vast sacred center unrivaled in the New World. For images of Teotihuacan, see http://fhss.byu.edu/history/faculty/hamblin/HighThings/Teotih/Teotihuacan.html Jorge Angulo, Teotihuacan: _City of the Gods_ (Mexico City: Bonechi, 1999), contains a brief introduction with dozens of excellent photographs of the site. Kathleen Berrin and Esther Pasztory, _Teotihuacan: Art from the City of the Gods_, (New York: Thames and Hudson, 1993), and Eduardo Matos Moctezuma, _Teotihuacan_, (New York: Rizzoli International, 1990) provide more detailed studies and bibliography. Sent by Dick Clift |
Sonora, Mexico Map & Place name Indexhttp://www.multimap.com/index/MX33.htm This site is wonderful. If you are a Sonora researcher, don't miss looking at this site. There are hundreds of small towns. They are not listed alphabetically, but well worth the search. You can make print copies.Local Map of
Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico |
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Mexico: Search Engines & Directories http://globalconnekt.com/mexico.htm Sent by Danielle Brown |
http://www.trace-sc.com/firms.htm Outstanding site for research in Mexico, government sites, ports, maps. Sent by Johanna de Soto |
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CUBAN AMERICAN CULTURAL FESTIVAL 2001, Opens April 7th A series of events are scheduled throughout Los Angeles County, including films, concerts, receptions, lecture, dance, theater presentation and visual displays, most are FREE Saturday, April 7, 8:00 p.m. with "A Piece of Heaven: A Tribute to the Music of Frank Dominguez". |
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A Puerto Rican genealogy
site
Sent by Pamela Denton |
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The Hispanic
Genealogical Society of New York, Inc. Some of the fascinating articles in their
latest 12-page quarterly (with a 2-page insert) were: |
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Puerto Ricans in the United States 1898-1999 This is a 2 volume CD. It contains audio, web links, historical images, music, original documents, segments of oral histories. Most of the documents are taken from the rich collections of the Centro's Library. Available from the Center for Puerto Rican Studies at Hunter College, CUNY, 695 Park Avenue, N.Y. N.Y. 10021. Source: Richard Chabran via Reforma net |
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Emancipation by Steven Townsend
STowns@aol.com |
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Freedman's Bank CD Available
This new CD of information from the Freedmen's bank which served newly freed slaves is available. The project took 11 years to complete and was done by over 500 inmates of the Utah State Prison. One of the prisoners who participated told the managers: "I have plenty of time." Tom Sevy sevy99@deseretonline.com The records have been available for years through the National Archives but not in organized form. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latterf-day Saints, spent 11 years, with help from volunteer Utah state inmates, extracting and linking the 480,000 names contained in the records. "These records can provide clues for an estimated 8 to 10 million African-American descendants living today who might want to research their family histories, said L. Lionel Kendrick, a church official. Orange County Register, 2-27-01
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TOP AFRICAN AMERICAN WEBSITES FOR 2000
From: Black Data Research, Inc. After surveying over 500,000 African American citizens on their favorite sites, we have created the following list of top sites based on popularity, content, design, and navigation. Please forward this message to others who are in search of quality African American programming on the web. 1. http://www.bet.com 2. http://www.blanetplanet.com 3. http://www.eurweb.com 4. http://www.vibe.com 5. http://www.everythingblack.com 6. http://www.blackvoices.com 7. http://www.essence.com 8. http://www.jetmag.com 9. http://www.tbwt.com 10. http://www.urbanentertainment.com Return to Table of Contents |
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El Mundo en Espanol .
. . Lamica.com 407.698 links to a great assortment of sites. http://lamira.com/Referencia/Bibliotecas/Bibliotecas_academicas/index.shtml |
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| - Artes - Ciencias Sociales - Ciencia y Tecnología - Computadores - Deportes y Aficiones - Educación - Empresas y Finanzas - Entretenimiento |
- Familia - Gobierno y Política - Internet - Noticias y Medios - Países y Regiones - Referencia -- Salud y Medicina - Sociedad y Cultura |
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Verdugo o Berdugo Genealogía de los vecinos de las tierras de Arévalo y de las mas antiguas fueron: You can see by the following the complexity and depth of research on this site. The locations include the Canary Islands, Madrid, Cuba, Argentina, and the Philippines, time span from the early 1500s to to the 1800s.http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Park/1132/p31.htm De la casa solar de los Verdugo en la Villa de Arévalo
(Ávila) fueron también: |
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Shouts from
the Wall Exhibition continues through April 29
During the Spanish Civil War (1936-39) nearly 2,800 Americans came to the
aid of the democratically governed Spanish Republic. This group of volunteer soldiers called themselves the Abraham Lincoln Brigade after the
16th president. Together with more than 38,000 volunteers from fifty-two
countries, the Brigade fought a losing battle against General Franco's
fascist Nationalist troops. The Spanish Civil War was, in effect, the
opening battle of the Second World War. |
http://208.249.158.172/safe/shipmenu.htm
New Ships Database Extraction ToolsThis is an online collection of databases comprised
of the Morton Allan Directory, M1066 Microfilm series
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Coronado Expedition, 1540-42 http://www.ancestry.com/rd/map.asp?ImageID=642 losbexarenos@yahoogroups.com |
| Inquisition
- Facts and Fallacy http://members.aol.com/philvaz/articles/num25.htm |
Excellent source for beginning researchers. http://www.genealogy.com/00000088.html |
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New
Human Species?
A skull with delicate features was found in Kenya dating from 3.5 million years ago in human evolution. Dr. Meave Leakey made public that the small-brained creature is so unusual it belongs not just to a new species but to an entirely new genus. L.A. Times, 3-22-01 |
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Spanish Speaking
Skills
Sent by Andres Rivero vero)
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The Federation of Genealogical Societies |
Bienvenido to a NEW issue of the best site on the web for anyone
interested in the second most-spoken language in the United States. This
is the FREE place to learn, practice and enjoy Spanish. Good to use in
school, home and office. 
