JUNE 2017 
Editor: Mimi Lozano, © 2000-2017

HISTORY OF THE CHALLENGE COIN

Table of Contents

United States
Spanish Presence in the Americas' Roots
Heritage Projects

Historic Tidbits
Hispanic Leaders
American  Patriots
Education
Religion

Culture
Books and Print Media
Surnames
Family History
Orange County, CA
Los Angeles County, CA
California 
Northwestern US
Southwestern US
Texas
Middle America
East Coast
Caribbean Region 
Indigenous
Sephardic
Archaeology
Mexico
Central & South America

Philippines
Spain
International 
 
 
Somos Primos Advisors
Mimi Lozano, Editor
Mercy Bautista Olvera
Roberto Calderon, Ph,D.
Bill Carmena
Lila Guzman, Ph.D
John Inclan
Galal Kernahan
Juan Marinez
J.V. Martinez, Ph.D
Dorinda Moreno
Rafael Ojeda
Ángel Custodio Rebollo
Tony Santiago
John P. Schmal

Submitters/attributed to:  
Ruben Alvarez
Ben Alvillar
Larry P. Arnn, Ph.D. 
Cynthia Becht
Salomon Baldenegro
Kevin Cabrera
Michael Calderin
Eddie Calderon, Ph.D.

Angel Cervantes
John Chess 
José Antonio Crespo-Francés 
Dr. Carlos Campos y Escalante
Arturo Cuellar Gonzalez
Arnoldo DeLeon
Charlette Devaul
Yvonne Duncan Gonzalez
Wendy Fawthrop
Gary L. Foreman
Mauricio Javier Gonzalez
Dave Gutierrez
Odell Harwell 
Dr. Ann Harvey 
Sarah Heras
Walter Centeno Herbeck,Jr.

Silvia Ichar 
John Inclan
Arturo Jacobs
Lucas Jasso
Miguez Juarez

Linda LaRoche 
Joe Antonio López 
Josepha Lopez 
Alfred Lugo  

Jerry Javier Lujan
Juan Marinez
Lupe Martinez
Jerry Medina
Elsa Mendez Pena
Dorinda Moreno
Ricardo R. Palmerìn Cordero
Diana J. Noble
Maria Angeles O'Donnel Olson
Daniel A. Olivas
Francisca Ortaz
Felipe de Ortego y Gasca, Ph.D.
Dr. Ramona Ortego-Liston
Ray Padilla
Rudy Padilla
David Parra
Leonard S. Pelullo
Richard Perry
Gilberto Quezada 
Albert Monreal Quihuis
Oscar Ramirez, Ph.D. 
Richard M. Ramirez, Ed.D  

Frances Rios 
Erasmo "Doc" Riojas
Refugio Rochin, Ph.D. 

Letty Rodella
Dave Rodriguez
Richard M. Rodriguez
Tom Saenz
Armando F Sanchez  
Benicio Samuel Sánchez García
Gema Sandoval
Albert Seguin Gonzales
Sister Mary Sevilla, CSJ
Dr. Richard Shortlidge
Robert Smith
Jerry Thompson, Ph.D.
Jose Fernando Tobón
Dr. Eliseo "Cheo" Torres 
Charley Trujillo
Minnie Wilson
Kirk Whisler 
John Valadez
Teresa Valcarce
Val Valdez Gibbons
Martha Vallejo-McGettigan 
Armando Vazquez-Ramos
Yomar Villarreal Cleary

 

Letters to the Editor

Hi Mimi!

I was over-joyed to read the short article about "Los San Patricios."  I am a direct descendant of my great grandfather Anthony Mondac known as Antonio in Mexico. He was a gabacho who supposedly came from Ireland with "Los San Patricios" but his surname is not Irish.  I suppose he liked to fight thus may have been categorized as a soldier of fortune. He married my great grandmother Estefania Torres. and they gave birth to three girls Josefina, Rosario and Laura  He did not return from one of the revolutionary battles thus leaving a relatively young widow to care for the children. The family never had word of his demise. My great grandmother passed-on leaving the three young girls to be reared by their tio Manuel Cota and his wife Eustolia "Tola" Valderama, ranchers in Northern Mexico. 
I am a direct descendant of my grandmother Josefina.
Oscar Ramirez, Ph.D.  


Thank you Mimi for empowering all of us with your detailed information.
 
Many thanks Mimi!
Silvia Ichar 
Publisher 
949-493-1492
949-289-3236

PARA TODOS MAGAZINE

 



Mimi, thanks for the note.  Indeed, there Is so much to the story that is typically ignored (forgotten) in mainstream U.S. history.  Let's hope that present and next generations of Spanish Mexican-descent U.S. citizens will grow up knowing that justice and freedom don't come easily.  Successes we enjoy today throughout the Southwest rest on struggles, such as Méndez vs. Westminster School District. 

Saludos, Joe López 
Thank you Mimi

Lupe Martinez
President /CEO
UMOS
2701 S. Chase Ave.
Milwaukee, WI  53207
414-389-6000
414-489-0216 Fax
http://www.umos.org

 

Alma, 
Somos Primos is a national Hispanic online monthly magazine.  It started as a genealogical newsletter from ladies from the LA area with roots in West Texas.  Mimi Lozano, the editor/publisher has roots in Ft. Davis.  The magazine has evolved into an important repository of the Chicano/Mexican American experience in the US.  Its contents offer a  wealth of information for researchers, present, and future.  I have made some contributions which have been published.  You may find articles which might interest you in as well as a place where you can share some of your work with others.  

You will find Mimi Lozano very approachable and great to work with.  Enjoy!  
Jerry  jerry_javier_lujan@hotmail.com  

 

Hi, Mimi, a former Anaheim, CA LULAC member, Alex Maldonado, attended the "Mexican" school in Westminster.  Alex is 93,  could recount vividly going to school next  to the  electric fence and the cow pasture, having hand-me-down books with missing pages and no school materials.  He has said that when they graduated from school, they were "dumb as rocks", and couldn't possibly compete at the Junior High School level.
 
Thank you again for your wonderful contributions to our Mexican American history.
Charlette Devaul
 
Mimi:
   I am thrilled with all the information you so generously and beautifully included and displayed about Diana's novel, Evagelina Takes Flight, and about her grandmother's (my mother's) bio, originally written by my brother, David, in the May issue of Somos Primos.  I thank you for your kindness and support.  I also thank Joe López and Chema Peña for suggesting I contact you several weeks ago and for providing your contact information.
   The whole May issue of Somos Primos is great, and several of the other books described seem to be pretty interesting also - worth exploring further.
   Again, many, many thanks for your kindness and support.  
   Arturo Jacobs  arturoaj@aol.com

Mimi, a heartfelt thank you from me too!  The Somos Primos newsletter and website are chock full of information!  If there is a mailing list, I'd appreciate being added so I can keep up with all Somos Primos has to offer.

Warm regards,  Diana J. Noble
www.Dianajnoble.com
 
Washington, WA 98026

Hello Mimi,
I absolutely love all the diversity that you put into the latest issue of Somos Primos. It's apparent how much work you've devoted to it and the smorgasbord of information is superb, good job!

Best,
Linda LaRoche 


Dear Mimi,
Thank you for including some of my contributions in the current issue of Somos Primos.  Did you know that the Austrian emperors descend from the Spanish Catholic kings through their grand child Ferdinand, the brother of Carlos I de España y V de Alemania?
Greetings from Vienna.
Dr. Carlos Campos y Escalante 


Westminster,  CA 
mimilozano@aol.com
www.SomosPrimos.com 
714-894-8161

 
Quotes of Thoughts to Consider 
Being grounded in the past allows us to fully enjoy the present.  ~ Oscar Ramirez, Ph.D.
As an educator and author, I feel that if I made a difference in the life of one student, then all my efforts were worthwhile and were not in vain.   ~  Gilberto Quezada  < Click for his life/career highlights

 

 

UNITED STATES

With Gratitude on Memorial Day by Gilberto Quezada 
The Challenge Coin sent by Erasmo "Doc" Riojos
Remembering Our Past and Those Who Shaped It by Felipe de Ortego y Gasca
Jovita Carranza appointed by President Trump as 44th treasurer of the United States
LULAC Congratulates Jovita Carranza for her Nomination as U.S. Treasurer
Rotary lunch honoring students serves up hope
by Steve Lopez
America's Hispanics Emerging as a Force in Philanthropy by Sarah Murray
2017 LULAC National Convention & Exposition July 4-8  San Antonio, Texas
2017 NCLR National Council of La Raza, Annual Conference July 8-11 Phoenix, AZ 
Latino Media Market 
The FBI released 27 new photos of the Pentagon on 9/11
United States Constitution, free online course
America's 11 Most Endangered Historic Places
Joe López:  Copper and Tin Equals Bronze  
Marijuana May Boost, Rather Than Dull, the Elderly Brain

The Hispanic Legacy in the United States, words of Dr. Refugio I. Rochin




With Gratitude on Memorial Day 
by Gilberto Quezada 

When we were growing up in the barrio El Azteca during the 1950s, my older brother and I asked Mamá for permission to play with the grenades outside with the rest of the neighborhood kids. We tossed the grenades all over the place as we played soldiers.  It was not until my parents moved to San Antonio and later in the 1980s when I called the bomb squad from the San Antonio Police Department to check the grenades.  I was informed that the grenades were "live and dangerous." And they took them away in a special container. 

Luckily, when we played with them, we never took the lynch pin off. We could have blown the whole barrio into smithereens.  Our guardian angels were looking after us.  In honor of all the veterans on this special day, and especially my dad and my older brother, I proudly salute you. 

 

 

On bended knees and cross my heart, I offer my most profound gratitude and appreciation to all who served our country, living and deceased. My heartfelt warmest thankfulness go to all of you and may God bless you. My dad, who served in World War II in the U.S. Navy and saw action in Guam, left me some mementos that he brought back from the Pacific theater.  Among the items are a Japanese helmet with an inscription on the inside and a bullet hole on the right side, some Japanese grenades, a Japanese canteen, and some bullets and the bottom shells
of bombs.

Gilberto Quezada 
jgilbertoquezada@yahoo.com
 

  

============================= ===========================================
================================== ==================================

Watch this short video and think back over the years.  This is an incredibly great video.  It humbles you down to your toes. It is a fine tribute.

http://www.youtube.com/embed/ rKsW6c_CgFY?feature=player_ detailpage  

Memorial Day approaches this one is worth another viewing.  . . .  
Yomar Villarreal Cleary ycleary@charter.net 

 

Patriots from the Barrio by Dave Gutierrez, 
Published in 2014  

True story of an all Mexican-American US Army combat unit in WWII.  The unit was the Thirty-Sixth Division, 141st Regiment, Second Battalion, Company E

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T-OtPG6JUtU&feature=youtu.be 

 



HISTORY OF THE CHALLENGE COIN
Sent by Erasmo "Doc" Riojos

================================== ==================================
Although no one is certain how challenge coins came to be, one stor dates back o World War I, when a wealthy officer had bronze medallions strck with teh flying squadron's insignia to ive to his men.   Shortly after, one of the young flying aces was shot down over Germany and captured.  The Germans took everything on his person, except the small leather pouch he wore around his neck which happened to contain his medallion. The pilot escaped and made his way to France.  But the French believed he was a spay, and sentenced him to execution. In an effort to prove his identify, the pilot presented the medallion. A French soldier happened to recognize the insignia and the execution was delayed.  The French confirmed his identify and sent him back to his unit.  This evolved from a unit's medallion, and members would "challenge" each other by slamming a medallion down on the bar.  If any member present didn't have his medallion, he had to buy a drink for the challenger and for anyone lese that had their coin.  If all the other members had their medallions, the challenger had to buy everyone drinks.  

 
The coins are a treasured gift to me from Erasmo "Doc" Riojas.  Erasmo served on the Seal Team 2 in the United States Navy as a Hospital Corpsman in both Korea and Vietnam, between 1962 and 1973.  His unit was recognized as the U.S. Navy's most decorated unit in Vietnam.

Erasmo "Doc" has been a long time reader and supporter of Somos Primos.  In January 2002, he sent some information about being raised in the barrio, "la ladrillera" in Laredo TX. He writes, "our barrio was bordered by the Fort. There was one section of the solid rock wall torn during WWII because the Border Patrol was operating out of the Fort and they needed to build an airplane runway. The widest Ave. was ANNA Ave. that was for the longest time barb wired fenced and the runway was oil blacktop for single engine aircraft. After the war, they took down the fence so that the people who lived along SANCHEZ St could cross where as before they had to detour to Park St. "Los Votos de la Ladrillera used that large street (Anna Ave.) to play baseball and football. " 

Picture

For the May 2017 issue, Erasmo sent an article aboutThe story of the Navy SEALs who served in Vietnam and their Vietnamese combat interpreter Minh. Assumed executed after the War ended he was found to be alive and living in My Tho over 40 years later.

 Minh, the interpreter and his SEAL brothers were reunited in the USA and Vietnam and this is their story.  Published on Aug 29, 2016. Watch it on:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R7OC9yKPdXU 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=44oFZyYpW7g&t=334s

Erasmo Riojas  
docrio45@gmail.com
 
Pearland TX
713 575 5425

http://www.sealtwo.org/  

 





MEMORIAL DAY:

REMEMBERING OUR PAST AND THOSE WHO SHAPED IT

From La Prensa de San Antonio, May 26, 2008; posted on Somos en Escrito: Latino Literary On-line Magazine, May 25, 2012; posted on Educational Equity, Politics, and Policy in Texas, May 25, 2012. Revised annually.

By Felipe de Ortego y Gasca

 

Scholar in Residence, Western New Mexico University; Distinguished Professor Emeritus of English and Comparative Literature, Texas State University System—Sul Ross  
soldier                                                                  
Memorial Day is about remembering and honoring not only those who
have fallen in battle in military service to the country but remembering all those who have lived before us and made our present possible. The event urged Longfellow in 1867 to write the poem “Decoration Day” which ends with the words: “Your silent tents of green / We deck with fragrant flowers / Yours has the suffering been / The memory shall be ours.”

No one is sure about who exactly initiated Memorial Day. Here’s one story. Boalsburg, Pennsylvania (off Route 322 in the foothills of the Alleghenies of Centre County), boasts the origin of Memorial Day. The story (apocryphal or true) is that on a pleasant Sunday morning in October of 1864, Emma Hunter and Sophie Keller were placing flowers on the grave of Emma’s father, Dr. Reuben Hunter, a surgeon in the Union Army, when they met Mrs. Elizabeth Meyer who was placing flowers on the grave of her son Amos, a private in the Union Army who was killed on the last day of the battle at Gettysburg. They decorated the graves of each other’s kin and gave birth to Memorial Day originally called Decoration Day.

Gaining adherents, on May 5, 1868, General John A. Logan, commander-in-chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, proclaimed May 30, 1868 as a day for decorating the graves of those who died in defense of their country. In 1882, the event was designated as Memorial Day and later broadened to include any American who had died in war or peace as soldiers or civilians, to whom Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote: “One flag, one land, one heart, one hand, one nation evermore.” In May of 1966, President Lyndon Johnson recognized Waterloo, New York, as the “official” birthplace of Memorial Day. (extracted from http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~pacentre/memory.htm).

What does Memorial Day mean for all of us? During World War II, 16 million Americans (men and women served in uniform. Only 620,000 of them remain. Today there are only 6 living World War II Medal of Honor recipients. The remaining veterans of World War II are dying at the rate of 372 a day. There are few World War II American Hispanics still with us. I am one of the fortunate. So fortunate that on April 8, 2015 I received a Quilt of Valor from the National Quilt Foundation. And on February 19, 2015 I was heralded for having survived World War II.

Memorial Day should give us pause to remember all Americans who have given their last full measure of devotion to the nation. American Hispanics have been part of the United States since its founding and have also fallen in every American war in defense of the country [see Hispanics in America’s Defense, Department of Defense; also Vet Vox: War and Remembrance by the author].

American Hispanics fought in World War I, the Spanish-American War, the Civil War, the War of 1812, and the American Revolution, and countless other skirmishes including the present day conflagrations in Bosnia, Afghanistan, and Iraq. Many historians point out that without Spain ’s help the American colonists could not have won their independence. Hispanics have been America’s strongest supporters and allies. More importantly, though, Memorial Day gives us a moment to remember our antepasados and their struggles for our well-being. We all stand on the shoulders of those who went before us.

It is therefore fitting on Memorial Day to honor the memory of all Americans who have served in America’s defense and their place in our lives and in our history. I miss the men I served with and who died during World War II.  

In 1776 Hispanics (Sephards) were part of the founding of the United States, having become part of the American population when the Dutch colony of New Amsterdam (of which they were a part) became New York.  When the United States acquired the Louisiana territory and New Orleans , the Hispanic citizens of that purchase became Americans (having been French briefly when Napolean acquired the territory from Spain ). And again when the United States acquired Florida in 1819, the Hispanic settlements of that region became Americans. Hispanics are not newcomers in the United States . They have been part of the American fabric since the beginning.

The largest number of Hispanics who became Americans by fiat were the Mexicans who were part of the Mexican Cession—that territory of Mexico annexed by the United States as a prize of the U.S.—Mexico War of 1846-1848. The territory dismembered from Mexico was larger than Spain, Italy, and France combined. Today that territory includes the states of California, Nevada, Utah, Colorado, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and parts of Wyoming, Kansas, and Oklahoma. In part, we are the progeny of that “conquest generation” that endured the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune and discrimination.

Like other “territorial Americans” (Native Americans, Mexican Americans, Pacific Islanders), the United States came to Puerto Ricans, they did not come to the United States. Territorial Americans are Americans by fiat—they came with the territories acquired by the United States by force of arms and conquest.

Despite the travails of life in their own lands as strangers, Hispanics have answered the nation’s call in times of peril. During World War II, they served in numbers greater than their percentage in the American population. Figures vary, but best estimates indicate that more than 700,000 Hispanics were in uniform during World War II, most of them Mexican Americans. As a group they won more Medals of Honor than any other group.

We must remember and honor all the veterans who gave their lives to shape our present and why we ought to decorate their graves. More importantly, however, we ought to extract from that memory the most important lesson of history as George Santayana, the eminent American Hispanic philosopher, put it: those who cannot learn the lessons of history are condemned to repeat it. Por eso nos recordamos de nuestros valientes militares y nuestros antepasados en este dia de la memoria—Memorial Day! [That’s why we remember our valiant military men and women and our antecedents on this day of memory—Memorial Day!]











Re: WNMU Faculty: Memorial Day
John W Chess chessj@wnmu.edu 
Sent: Thu 5/21/2015 10:57 PM
To: Philip Ortego Philip.Ortego@wnmu.edu

Dear Dr. Felipe de Ortego y Gasca,

Thank you for your article regarding the history and symbolism of Memorial Day.  Your skill sets as a writer are superb and engaging.  In sharing this broad spectrum of information, you provided each reader with a wide ranging and inclusive multifaceted perspective. It was a learning experience for me.

Sincerely, John Chess 
Adjunct Professor
Department of Social Work

********************************************************************************

RE: Memorial Day
Ann Harvey Ann.Harvey@wnmu.edu
Sent:Thu 5/21/2015 4:38 PM                                                                                                                                

To: Philip Ortego Philip.Ortego@wnmu.edu

Dear Felipe,  Nicely done.

Dr. Ann Harvey  
Professor of Reading
Martinez 209
Western New Mexico University
Silver City, NM 88061
575-538-6413
573-230-3111

Dear Dr. Ortego:

The Memorial Day article you shared is the most touching article I have read. Earlier I wrote to Dr. Garcia sharing that Memorial Day is not about BBQs or partying as most of our fellow countrymen tend to do on this holiday.  I attended Memorial Day services 100 miles away near San Antonio this morning. One of my acquaintances and Commander of the town's American Legion in Karnes County, sang Bruce Springsteen's, "I Am Proud to Be an American." Not bad for an old Chicano singing it. Take care Doc. I treasure all your contributions.

Lucas Jasso 

********************************************************************************

Felipe:

I received your essay titled “Memorial Day: Remembering Our Past and Those Who Shaped It.”  I very much appreciate your thoughtfulness in including me in your mailing list.

As usual, your words are touching and most relevant, especially at a time when there are those who are ignorant of our past in this country and our military contributions to it. 

I am attaching FYI a photo of yours-truly in Air Force uniform, circa 1965.

Arnoldo DeLeon, 5//28/16

 





Jovita Carranza
Photo: courtesy of Wikipedia Creative Commons

 

On April 28 Former U.S. Small Business Administration executive Jovita Carranza was appointed  by President Trump to serve as the 44th treasurer of the United States.  The appointment does not require Senate approval. 

The presidential appointment does not require Senate approval. Carranza is the seventh Latina to hold the office. All U.S. treasurers since 1949 have been women.

The Presidential Appointment Efficiency and Streamlining Act of 2011 — Public Law 112-166 , signed into law on Aug. 10, 2012, by President Obama — eliminates the requirement of Senate approval for 163 positions, including treasurer of the United States, allowing the president alone to appoint persons to these positions.

 

Donate | Tell A Friend | Subscribe | https://lulac.org/r/E/ODU1MzQ/NjA5NA/0/0/bWltaWxvemFub0Bhb2wuY29t/aHR0cDovL2x1bGFjLm9yZy9mYWNlYm9vayMhIyE/1976/0 | https://lulac.org/r/E/ODU1NDY/NjA5NA/0/0/bWltaWxvemFub0Bhb2wuY29t/aHR0cHM6Ly90d2l0dGVyLmNvbS9sdWxhYy8jISMh/1976/0 | https://lulac.org/r/E/ODU1NTg/NjA5NA/0/0/bWltaWxvemFub0Bhb2wuY29t/aHR0cDovL3d3dy55b3V0dWJlLmNvbS9qdHJhc21vbnRlIyEjIQ/1976/0

April 30, 2017

LULAC Congratulates Jovita Carranza for her Nomination as U.S. Treasurer

Washington, D.C. – LULAC congratulates Jovita Carranza of Illinois on her nomination by President Trump to be Treasurer of the United States. Ms. Carranza previously served as the highest ranking executive at the United Parcel Service before joining the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA) as Deputy Administrator under President George W. Bush, after receiving unanimous confirmation.

“We are proud to congratulate Jovita Carranza, who we fully support, on her nomination as our new U.S. Treasurer,” said Roger C. Rocha Jr. “As a committed community leader, she has built a successful corporate career and brings a wealth of knowledge and expertise to this position. We are confident that she will be a strong asset to the Department of Treasury and will help ensure that the needs of Latino communities are addressed.”

Carranza is the Founder of JCR Group providing services to corporations, government agencies and non-governmental organizations. She serves on the boards of numerous organization including the National Center for Family Literacy, National Council of La Raza, and Alverno College and the American Cancer Society Corporate Advisory Council among other civic committees. She earned her MBA from the University of Miami in Florida.

###

The League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC) is the nation’s largest and oldest civil rights volunteer-based organization that empowers Hispanic Americans and builds strong Latino communities. Headquartered in Washington, DC, with 1,000 councils around the United States and Puerto Rico, LULAC’s programs, services and advocacy address the most important issues for Latinos, meeting critical needs of today and the future. For more information, visit www.LULAC.org.

LULAC National Office, 1133 19th Street NW, Suite 1000 Washington DC 20036, (202) 833-6130, (202) 833-6135 FAX


 





Rotary lunch honoring students serves up hope by Steve Lopez, Orange County Section, Los Angeles Times.

Some of the students arrived early.  As much as 30 minutes early.

This was a big deal, and you could tell the eighth- graders shuffling into the Doubletree Hotel in Ontario were proud and maybe a little nervous, because the price of success was having to make a speech.

 



They came with their parents, who left work to be a part of this.

"Welcome, folks. Come on in, and thanks for coming today," Ontario Rotarian, Don Driftmier said to Daniela Balvaneda, 13, of Oaks Middle School. She was with her parents, Carlos and Blanca, and her grandmother, Gloria, all of them spiffed up for the occasion.

"One of the important things for us is that we didn't finish school, but we support our daughters," Carlos said of himself and his wife. "They're both really into school, and I give all the credit to them."

Danielatold me she was pulled out of class one day and told to go to Principal D. Foley's office. She couldn't think of anything she'd done that might have landed her in trouble, but she was nervous.

"I didn't know what was going on," Daniela recalled, "and Mr. Foley told me I won the award from the Rotary Club. I said, 'What's that?'"

     
The Ontario Rotary Club is in its 95th year, and supporting youth is at the core of its mission. Driftmier emailed me one day to invite me to,the luncheon. He said he served his country in Vietnam, and he enjoys serving his community by honoring the "impressive, well-spoken" students who do themselves, their parents, and the Ontario-Montclair School District proud.

To hear the national conversation about the state of public education, you wouldn't know these kids existed. The narrative is one of failure, and for sure, public school districts — including the Ontario- Montclair district — have huge challenges and plenty of room for improvement.

President Trump's education secretary thinks charter schools and vouchers are the way to go. But at the luncheon, Ontario-Montclair School District Supt. James Hammond and board President EMa Rivas said there may be no better strategy than investing sufficiently in traditional schools and giving them enough autonomy. And letting them put children before "adult-centered politics," as Hammond said.

They said there's been no clamor for charters in their preschool-through-eighth-grade district, in which the majority of the 21,000 students qualify for free or reduced-price lunches because they're from low-income families. The 34 campuses include language and music academies, magnets and international baccalaureate schools. Attendance is at 97%, parents are involved, suspension rates are down, Hammond said. And there's big support from the Rotary Club.

Avaram Iraheta, one of the honored students, led the Pledge of Allegiance at Thursday's luncheon.

Rotarian Dick Gerety led the singing of "God Bless America."

Rotary President John Andrews acknowledged the business leaders who sat with the families of the winning students.

Wiltsey Middle School Principal Henry Romero reminded students that success is no reason to coast, and "college is not a dream; it's a plan."

And then it was time for the students, chosen by their teachers on the basis of academic achievement, to step to the podium.

"I was bullied,"-said Olivia Sanchez of Central Language Academy. "I was bullied over three years."

But her teachers and principal put an end to it, she said, thanking them.  "They stood up for me when no one else would."

Daniel Onwuegbuzie of De Anza Middle School said he moved to Ontario two years ago from Nigeria. He likes math, and his plan is to get all A's in school.

"So far, so good," he said, adding that he plans to go to Harvard University and become a doctor. "J.K. Rowling said it is our choices that show what we truly are. It is my goal to make the right choices, to get to where I want to go in life."

     
Courtney Pederson of Edison GATE Academy said she used to fake illness because she dreaded school. She thanked her parents for helping her turn that around. She's worn glasses for years, Courtney said, and one day, she's going to be an eye surgeon.

Daniela Balvaneda didn't seem nearly as nervous as she had told me she was.

"I happen to like every single class I take," she said. She's already done the research and wants to attend Penn State, Syracuse University or UC Davis to study forensic science as an undergraduate, then study law at "a bigger school like Yale." One day, she might become a forensic investigator.

Avaram, the pledge leader from Serrano Middle School, said he was honored to win the Rotary award. He read his speech on his iPhone and told the audience he's a tech guy all the way.

"For instance, I know a lot about iPhones," he said, and when he's done with college, he's going to work for Apple.

Raylene Pulido of Vemon Middle School thanked her parents for making sacrifices to support her and her siblings. She said when she got back to campus, she was going to tell all of her friends to work harder, so they can get invited to the Rotary luncheon.

 

 

"I might have made some mistakes in the past," said Wenzel Gonzalez of Vina Danks Middle School, "but I will focus on the now, and making my future better."

He's going to be a fire-fighter or an architect.

Ariana Escalante of Vineyard STEM said that she's going to UCLA one day, and that she wants to be a pediatrician. She might have her own practice, or she might work at a hospital. But either way, she's going to help children.

Tamiya Curtis of Wiltsey Middle School doesn't know what she wants to be.

"I don't want to be a math teacher," she said. "I don't want to be a doctor. I don't want to be a veterinarian, or anything as common as that. I want to do something unique that will make an impact and inspire others to do great things."

When they were done, Rotary President Andrews said he's a pretty upbeat guy. But he always walks away from these luncheons more optimistic, and I know what he means.

steve.lopez@latimes.com

Sent by Sister Mary Sevilla, CSJ msevilla1256@gmail.com  with the comment: 
"I like what the last student said."

 




America's Hispanics emerging

as a force in philanthropy

By Sarah Murray
Financial Times
(May 1, 2017)

 


Latinos still hold a tiny proportion of US wealth - about 2.2 per cent, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of St Louis. Yet the ranks of prosperous individuals are swelling. In the process, many are becoming charitable donors.
 
Of course, some well-established families have been long-time donors. Last year, for example, Venezuela-born Patricia Phelps de Cisneros made a sizeable gift to New York's Museum of Modern Art. The gift included more than 100 artworks and funding to establish a research institute.
 
"There's that level of money," says John Gutiérrez, a professor of Latin American history at City University of New York's John Jay College. "And the involvement of Latinos in philanthropy has grown dramatically."
 
A decade ago, Latino philanthropists were few and far between. "There was very little in terms of individual philanthropy," says Gutiérrez, "and there was very little in terms of community philanthropy or the establishment of foundations."
 
It is not that Latinos were reluctant to give their money away - far from it. "We have a tremendous personal commitment to give," says Adela Cepeda, a prominent businesswoman who co-founded Nuestro Futuro (Our Future), a donor-advised fund that is an affiliate of the Chicago Community Trust, a grantmaking organisation.
 
Traditionally, however, this generosity has taken the form of gifts to the church or family members, often in the remittances sent back to countries in Latin America. "We're very family-oriented," says Cepeda, "and we come from very religious countries, so those are the forms of giving we are more familiar with."
 
Remittances to Latin America and the Caribbean in 2016 totalled more than $70bn, according to Inter-American Dialogue, a Washington think-tank. "Remittances are the number one source of income in many countries in Latin America. Giving is part of who we are," says Diana Campoamor, outgoing president of Hispanics in Philanthropy, a network of foundations that make grants to Latino community organisations.
 
This is not to say that the flow of remittances is likely to slow, but signs are emerging of a growing desire in the Latino community to engage in more structured forms of philanthropic giving and to support causes and organisations in the US. "What we've seen over the past 10 years is regular people of wealth giving more," says Campoamor.
 
For example, the Latino Community Foundation's giving circle - in which donors pool their funds - has 390 Latino members, each giving at least $1,000 a year. The Latino Giving Circle Network - the largest in the US, according to Garcel - disburses its funds to US non-profits focused on education, leadership development and civic engagement. "The movement doubled in the past year and there is evidence that there is a growing will and desire by Latinos to engage in the traditional philanthropic sector," says Garcel.
 
Over the past decade, the Nuestro Futuro fund has made grants of more than $2m to causes such as community development, the arts and early-childhood education for Latinos in the Chicago area.
 
Kai Grunauer-Brachetti, an executive director at the philanthropy advisory service of UBS, sees a distinction between the charitable giving of recent immigrants and of long-established families from Latin America. The former, he says, tend to donate to their countries of origin. "Then we have the Hispanic population that are second-, third- or fourth-generation Latinos," he says. "They have assimilated more into the philanthropic practices of the US."
 
Meanwhile, this new wave of philanthropic giving is being driven by an increased awareness of the needs of poor and disadvantaged Latino communities in the US and by the fact that non-profits supporting them receive a tiny proportion of US charitable giving - just 1.1 per cent, according to D5, an initiative that promotes diversity and equity in philanthropy.
 
It was to channel more funds to Latino non-profits that the New York-based Hispanic Federation was created in 1990, with a focus on causes such as education, health, immigration, civic engagement, economic empowerment and the environment. "Latino non-profits in the US had largely been ignored by traditional philanthropy," says Gutiérrez.
 
Through its Latino CORE Initiative, the Hispanic Federation has so far made grants totalling more than $40m, according to José Calderón, the federation's president. "You're starting to see a lot of wealthy individuals creating family foundations and doing good locally," he says. "We want to encourage more of that."
 
What has helped is that celebrities - including singers Ricky Martin, a Puerto Rican, and Gloria Estefan, originally from Cuba, and Chilean-American writer Isabel Allende - have become prominent donors.
 
Calderón cites the importance of support for the Hispanic Federation from Lin-Manuel Miranda, creator of the musical Hamilton and son of the federation's founding president, Luis Miranda. "He is someone that we hope can serve as a north star for other philanthropists in supporting local groups," he says.
 
Calderón believes, however, that more needs to be done to encourage wealthy Latinos to become charitable donors. Much of this effort will involve donor education. "It's not that people don't want to make a difference, but they don't know how to go about it," he says.
 
He also hopes that, as well as celebrities, prominent Latino entrepreneurs will start to serve as role models. "There are a couple of groups in Silicon Valley that are trying to cultivate Latinos who have a great deal of wealth," he says. "But it's a work in progress. We don't have a Bill Gates yet."
 
High-profile Hispanics
 
Isabel Allende
Born in Peru to Chilean parents, Isabel Allende became an American citizen in 1993. She created the Isabel Allende Foundation in 1995 in memory of her daughter, Paula Frías, who died in 1992 at the age of 29 and had worked as a volunteer to help poor communities in Venezuela and Spain. Seed funding for the foundation, which supports women and girls' empowerment, came from income generated by Paula, a memoir Allende wrote after her daughter's death.
 
Al and Carmen Castellano
Alcario "Al" Castellano and his wife Carmen had always supported local community groups, but the family's giving moved to a new level in 2001 after Al won the California state lottery, with a single-state jackpot record of $141m. Since then, through the Castellano Family Foundation, the family has made grants to non-profit organisations in Santa Clara County that promote Latino arts and culture, education and leadership development. The foundation has so far given away more than $4m.
 
Ella Fontanals-Cisneros
Born in Cuba and raised in Venezuela, Ella Fontanals-Cisneros started collecting works by artists from Latin America in the 1970s. As a philanthropist, she created the Cisneros Fontanals Art Foundation, which makes grants, and commissions and supports exhibitions and publications, and whose mission is to increase understanding and appreciation of contemporary artists from Latin America.
 
Thomas Meléndez and Aixa Beauchamp
Thomas Meléndez, a Boston-based investment manager born in Brooklyn to Puerto Rican parents, supports Hispanic youths by serving on the boards of organisations such as the Robert Toigo Foundation, which promotes diversity in the financial sector; Aspira, a New York organisation supporting Latino youth; and Boston Children's Hospital. It was his wife, Aixa Beauchamp, he says, who introduced him to formal philanthropy. The couple met as teenagers and today both support Milagros para Niños, a Latino initiative at Boston Children's Hospital, and the Boston-based Latino Legacy Fund.
 
Arnoldo Avalos
Born in a small rural town in Mexico, Arnoldo Avalos comes from a family of migrant farm workers. Seeing education as the path to a better life, he became a congressional intern before embarking on his studies in the University of California, Berkeley, and later Harvard University, where he received a masters degree in government. He went on to hold senior positions at companies such as Facebook, Google and Cisco before retiring. He established the Avalos Foundation to increase access to education.
 
Ana Morales
For Ana Morales, it was her family's giving - particularly that of her grandfather, who launched a community organisation - that inspired her to become a philanthropist. Born and raised in Monterrey, Mexico, she spent a decade working for her family's foundation. Morales is now a member of the Maverick Collective, a network of female philanthropists who invest in projects that benefit girls and women.

______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ _____________
The NiLP Report on Latino Policy & Politics is an online information service provided by the National Institute for Latino Policy. For further information, visit www.latinopolicy. org. Send comments to editor@latinopolicy.org.

Sent by Juan Marinez
marinezj@msu.edu 




Our Strength: Education and Empowerment

The League of United Latin American Citizens invites you to participate in the 88th Annual LULAC National Convention & Exposition in San Antonio TX from July 4 through July 8, 2017. As the premier Hispanic convention, the LULAC National Convention draws over 15,000 participants from across the country each year including top leaders from the government, business, and the Latino community.

For more information please contact the LULAC National Office at (202) 833-6130 or visit website at: www.LULAC.org/convention




2017 NCLR National Council of La Raza, Annual Conference July 8-11 Phoenix, Arizona
http://conference.nclr.org/?gclid=CLvRsI_endQCFU5cfgodvHQPbA#register-now 

                                             
                          
  Working together with our Affiliates to achieve wins for our community.





 

The FBI released 27 new photos of the Pentagon on 9/11
(Below are 15 photos from the collection.

By Blake Stilwell
May. 19, 2017

Five al-Qaeda militants hijacked American Airlines flight 77 on Sept. 11, 2001. The plane was on its way from Dulles Airport outside of Washington, D.C., to Los Angeles. The plane made it as far as eastern Kentucky before the terrorists took over the plane and slammed it into the Pentagon.
The FBI recently updated its photo vault with 27 images the agency took on the ground that day, as first responders raced to rescue the wounded and remove the dead from the shell of the nation’s symbol of military power.
Debris from the plane and the building are highlighted in the Mar. 23 release of photos. The attack killed 125 people in the Pentagon, as well as all aboard the flight.

The Boeing 757 took off from Dulles ten minutes early.

Some of the passengers were teachers and students on a National Geographic Society field trip.

Authorities estimate the flight was taken over between 8:51 and 8:54 in the morning, as the last communication with the real pilots was at 8:51.

The terrorists were led by a trained pilot, as the other four herded the passengers to the back of the plane to prevent them from re-taking the aircraft.

The hijacker pilot did not respond to any radio calls.
 

With no transponder signal, the  flight could only be found when it passed the path of ground-based radar.

 
At 9:33 am, the tower at Reagan Airport contacted the Pentagon, saying “an aircraft is coming at you and not talking with us.”

At 9:37:46 am, American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon.

Listen actual radio traffic about the flight at NPR.

 

 

 

 

 
This message may  contain copyrighted material which is being made available for research of  environmental, political, human rights, economic, scientific, social justice  issues, etc., and constitutes a "fair use" of such copyrighted material per  section 107 of US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107,  the material in this message is distributed without profit or payment to those  who have expressed a prior interest in receiving it for research/educational  purposes. For more information go to:  http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml

Sent by Odell Harwell  
odell.harwell74@att.net

 

 



                 

FREE ONLINE COURSE: 
Introduction to the Constitution of the United States of America 

Dear Friend,  I invite you to take two minutes to watch the trailer for our revamped course, "Introduction to the Constitution." It's a new way of presenting the topic, and I think you'll be impressed.

Watch the trailer now.

Warm regards, 
Larry P. Arnn
President, Hillsdale College
Pursuing Truth - Defending Liberty since 1844






NALIP Announces the 13th Annual Latino Media Market Fellows


The National Association of Latino Independent Producers proudly announces the selected group of content creators to participate in the 2017 Latino Media Market (LMM).  Meetings will take place during the NALIP Media Summit at the Ray Dolby Ballroom at the Hollywood & Highland center in Hollywood, CA on June 23rd and June 24th.
The Latino Media Market is supported by HBO, ITVS, the California Arts Council Statewide Networks Programs with additional support from the Los Angeles County Arts Commission. The Latino Media Market™ is an executive meeting series where the selected fellows and their projects meet one-on-one for scheduled pitch meetings with industry representatives who provide sound advice on how to advance their project to the next level. 

This year’s categories include:
Low-Budget Features in Development or Pre-production
Documentary Works-in-Progress
TV/Streaming Scripted Concept/Pilot
Digital Web Series

NALIP received a record number of incredibly powerful submissions and after much deliberation by the NALIP team and industry veteran evaluators the top 27 projects were selected.

Ben Lopez, NALIP’s Executive Director says,"NALIP’s Latino Media Market has become a key industry program to launch Latinx careers and projects. I am very proud to have witness its growth and impact over the last several years. I wish the 2017 cohort of LMM fellows the best of luck and success."


NALIP would like to congratulate the following filmmakers:


Alana Simões & Jose Ramón Mikelajáuregui - The Mexican Dream
Alejandro Antonio – Tattooed Love
Belem Ramirez - That Place Called Babylon
Carla Curiel - Mundo Lanugo: Mi Abuelita Siempre Dice
Christian Contreras & Victoria De La Torre - Phillip
Cristóbal Echevensko - The Horribles
David Ruiz Marquez - Ahava Surf
Denise Cox - Being ñ
Dominic Colon - WERQ IT!
Georgina González & Rodrigo Iturralde – Finding The Werewolf
Jose M. Ferulli - The Country of Forgotten Dreams
Jose Ortiz - HyphenAmerican: The First Generation Experience
Juan Pablo González - El Lugar de la Memoria
Juan Martinez Vera & Ivan Bordas - Cabarete
Juliana Schatz - Mimi Y Milagro
Laura Fran Lozano - #SFX: a Documentary on Magic, Craft & the Art of Believing
Lorena Manriquez - Siqueiros: Walls of Passion
Marlon Moreno - Insurrection
Marta Cross & Virginia Novello - ChiChi & Tucci
Miguel Berg - Aurora
Nicole Karsin - Amazona Lot 1AB
Nicole Vinnola & Andres Torres-Vives - Petrichor
Rocio Romero & Roberto Doveris - The Sequel
Tracey Quezada – You, Me, and The Fruit Trees
William D. Caballero – 115 Ferry StreetVictor Dueñas - Serenity
Vivian Miranda – The Other Sport

The National Association of Latino Independent Producers is a national membership organization, committed to helping Latinx content creators with their professional goals. We seek to increase the quality and quantity of stories by and about Latinos, through professional development, community building, and mentoring.  Additional information and updates about the 2017 LMM visit the homepage at www.nalip.org/latino_media_market

For more information about NALIP or to attend this year’s NALIP Media Summit on June 22nd - 25th, 2017 in Hollywood, CA please visit:   www.nalipmediasummit.com/   .
NALIP http://www.nalip.org/ 

 



America's 11 Most Endangered Historic Places

 

http://my.preservationnation.org/site/R?i=mObc2DmBpfrWtzSsI5D6Uw

Today, to mark the 30th anniversary of the America’s 11 Most Endangered Historic Places list, we are unveiling a retrospective list highlighting 11 once-endangered places that are now thriving and contributing to their communities.

Over the past three decades, we at the National Trust for Historic Preservation have used this annual list to spotlight important examples of the nation’s architectural and cultural heritage on the brink of destruction or irreparable damage. Of the sites that appeared on the list since 1988, fewer than five percent have been lost to date.

As our president, Stephanie Meeks, put it, “This year’s list celebrates the preservation of important places across the country and the people who learned about a threatened place from this list and then did something about it. We are a better nation today because of the people who cared about these important pieces of our national fabric.”

Without the dedicated individuals and organizations who care deeply about these places, they may have been lost forever. Visit our website today to learn more about these 11 success stories, as well as the hundreds of other endangered sites we have highlighted over the years.

 



                       
Jose Antonio Lopez
(File photo: RGG/Steve Taylor)

López:  Copper and Tin Equals Bronze, May 4, 2017

    General Ignacio Zaragoza

Happy Cinco de Mayo! Right off, two particular questions are often asked regarding this popular date, a favorite money-making event within the U.S. advertising industry (estimated at $1.5 Trillion in 2015):  

(1) Is it Mexico’s Independence Day? The answer is “No”. It marks the date of a decisive battle in Mexico’s history called the Battle of Puebla, fought on May 5, 1862.  

(2) If Texas was already part of the U.S. in 1862, why is El Cinco de Mayo observed in the U.S.?

Answer: There are two main reasons: (a) General Ignacio Zaragoza was born in Goliad, Texas. He led the Mexican Army that beat French General Charles de Lorencez at the Battle of Puebla; and (b) Texas, a former province (state) of Mexico, had been in the U.S. for only 14 years.  

Even though horrid anti-Mexican prejudice had already begun in Texas, Tejanos still had immediate and extended family members living in Mexico. Thus, in spite of bigotry at home, they quickly volunteered to help their parents, grandparents, brothers, sisters, etc. in their time of need. By the way, those blood-related family ties are still visible today throughout the vast bi-national region called The Borderlands.  

How bad was the discrimination against Mexican-descent Texans? As bad as it gets. 

Reflecting the mood in the U.S. at the time, South Carolina Senator John C. Calhoun  
raged against the inhabitants of the newly acquired territory of Texas and the Southwest by expressing the following rebuke against our ancestors on the floor of the U.S. Senate in 1848:  

“…Sir, that we have never dreamt of incorporating into our Union any but the Caucasian race—the free white race. To incorporate Mexico, would be the very first instance of the kind of incorporating an Indian race; for more than half of the Mexicans are Indians, and the other is composed chiefly of mixed tribes. I protest against such a union as that! Ours, sir, is the Government of a white race. … It is now professed to place these Mexicans on an equality with the people of the United States. I protest utterly against such a project.”  

Indeed, Senator Calhoun attacked our Borderlands family tree’s twin roots at the same time. Sadly, symptoms of his hostility remain in today’s U.S. mainstream society.  

That’s why sharing celebrations such as Cinco de Mayo reminds us of our mutual heritage of Native American and Spanish European bloodlines all along the U.S. Mexico border.  

That’s not to say their initial meeting was cooperative. Stemming from worlds apart, first contact between the two forces was certainly a violent clash. Yet, as the encounter cooled, it melded, forming a new mold. That mix of brown-skin Native American culture (copper) with white European Spanish (tin) created a new race of bronze-skin people — half brown, half white. In Spanish, the new race (raza) is commonly known as: “gente de bronce” (bronze people).  

Sadly, even though the origin of Mexican-descent Texans rests on strong family values, the long-standing negative view among Anglo and Northern European-descent U.S. society persists. Generally, they misjudge our genealogical connection to Mexico. Likewise, many Mexican-descent citizens themselves are unaware of their fascinating history, mostly because they’ve been taught to shun their Mexican-linked past. It’s with that thought in mind that the following additional words are provided.  

As mentioned above, there’s no doubt that today’s Mexican-descent (mestizo) people are a product of adversity. The culture clash that ensued between the Spanish and indigenous people, in human endurance terms, symbolizes a large melting pot.  

As an aside, “gente de bronce” in America stretch beyond Mexico, because the same Native American-Spanish European ancestries extend to the tip of Tierra del Fuego. (Spanish DNA traits are also significantly found in other areas around the globe.)  

Here in the U.S., life has not been easy for gente de bronce. After 1848, humiliation of the conquered people was the rule from Texas to California. For generations, they have fought battles of a different kind; for justice, equality, and acceptance. Confronting hardship head-on, they began to defy an entrenched U.S. colonial-style social order standard, not unlike the mid-1800s English Raj-type of unfair rule in India.  

Unable to remove our Mexican-descent and Native American ancestors, mainstream society conveniently pushed the newest U.S. citizens into the lowest social status. Not only were they treated unjustly, official laws were passed in Texas to keep them “in their place”. Such mandates continued unabated for over 100 years. For descendants of the founders of Texas, equality was not assured (by the U.S. Supreme Court) until 1954.  

We’ve made some progress, but the struggle continues. Sadly, many of today’s Mexican-descent young people find it hard to believe that demeaning, undignified bigotry was common in their parents’ daily lives!  

In being able to attend college, eat at the restaurant of their choice, or live where they want to live, Mexican-descent students of today must recognize and pay tribute to the fighting spirit of their elders. They are the ones who won numerous battles without bullets to assure their children didn’t’ suffer indignities they were forced to endure for generations.  

In summary, discussing our “gente de bronce” family history may be painful for some of their descendants, but it’s crucial that present and future generations remember the past. A key point is this: To understand where you are, you must consider where you’ve been.  

So, it is with gente de bronce descendants in Texas, who are “Mexican” only in a genealogical (not a political) sense of the word. That’s because our antecedents were Mexicans (Mexicanos) before they became U.S. citizens. Moreover, it’s not by accident that the southwest indigenous tribes’ homeland (Apachería) straddles both countries and is actually home to the children of several identifiable groups — Pueblo, Hopi, Yuma, Pima, Zuni, Navajo, and Apache. Said another way, we possess the very same distinct DNA attributes in spirit and physical appearance that Senator Calhoun disparaged so many years ago.  

Lastly, for those of us here in Texas, the water (agua) of the Rio Grande doesn’t separate us from our sisters and brothers in Mexico. It unites us through both blood and soul as manifested in those days of a bygone era when our Tejano ancestors valiantly crossed el Rio Grande to fight for liberty. ¡Viva el General Ignacio Zaragoza! ¡Viva el Cinco de Mayo 2017!  

About the Author:  José “Joe” Antonio López was born and raised in Laredo, Texas, and is a USAF Veteran. He now lives in Universal City, Texas. He is the author of four books.  His latest book is “Preserving Early Texas History (Essays of an Eighth-Generation South Texan)”. It is available through Amazon.com.  Lopez is also the founder of the Tejano Learning Center, LLC, and www.tejanosunidos.org, a Web site dedicated to Spanish Mexican people and events in U.S. history that are mostly overlooked in mainstream history books.  ////

 

Discussion on the concept . . .


Roberto,
Yes, Chicanada are already participants in Mexico Grande (we really have little choice as it is a matter of history and circumstances).  My project is to bring this participation into fuller consciousness and to project it onto a bigger stage.  We Chicanada tend to be localists as demonstrated by the example you gave of sanctuary.  But it is only a matter of degree to project our actions into the national and international levels.  Resources and education are key.  So as Chicanada begin to develop greater wealth and achieve higher education we should see the evolution of action projects of larger scope than we have seen in the past.  At that point, the scenario of Mexico Grande will become obvious to many.
Part of thinking along the lines of Mexico Grande is for Chicanada to take an active role in influencing what goes on in Mexico, particularly in its relationship to Chicanos and the U.S. in general.  We can't afford to just blow off Mexico as a place that our ancestors ran away from (for good reasons).  We must claim what is ours in both Mexico and the U.S.  But in order to do so we must have the imagination to fashion something whole for ourselves.  We have been given the historic mission to literally make a silk purse out of a sow's ear.  But we are Chicanada and, if anything, we are resourceful.
My comments on remisas, money sent to Mexico by Mexicans in the U.S., can be found at the end of my book chapter titled, "U.S. and Mexican Schools as Regulators of Dropout Rates for Chicano Students" (pp. 209-235), which appeared in Leal, D. L, and Limon, J. E., Immigration and the Border, Notre Dame:  University of Notre Dame Press, 2013.  My comments in this chapter are suggestive of how we Chicanada must address policy issues in Mexico because what happens in Mexico does not stay in Mexico.
Regards,
Ray Padilla   rvpadilla1@GMAIL.COM

If Chicanos want to learn about true Mexican history without any American bias, I recommend that they read The Course of Mexican History by Michael C. Meyer and William L. Sherman published by Oxford University Press, 1991. the book in 718 pages covers everything from Pre-Colombian Mexico through the colonial period, independence, the Revolution, war of the reform, the Cristeros war and the modernization periods.  I have read many books on Mexican history and without a doubt this book is far superior. It is more inclusive of the different movements in Mexico and treats the history, especially the Mexican-American war with respect for the facts and is not subject to the cursed manifest destiny syndrome as so many books on Mexican history published in the U.S. are.
benalvillar@OUTLOOK.COM

========================

Roberto,
Yes, Chicanada are already participants in Mexico Grande (we really have little choice as it is a matter of history and circumstances).  My project is to bring this participation into fuller consciousness and to project it onto a bigger stage.  We Chicanada tend to be localists as demonstrated by the example you gave of sanctuary.  But it is only a matter of degree to project our actions into the national and international levels.  Resources and education are key.  So as Chicanada begin to develop greater wealth and achieve higher education we should see the evolution of action projects of larger scope than we have seen in the past.  At that point, the scenario of Mexico Grande will become obvious to many.
Part of thinking along the lines of Mexico Grande is for Chicanada to take an active role in influencing what goes on in Mexico, particularly in its relationship to Chicanos and the U.S. in general.  We can't afford to just blow off Mexico as a place that our ancestors ran away from (for good reasons).  We must claim what is ours in both Mexico and the U.S.  But in order to do so we must have the imagination to fashion something whole for ourselves.  We have been given the historic mission to literally make a silk purse out of a sow's ear.  But we are Chicanada and, if anything, we are resourceful.
My comments on remisas, money sent to Mexico by Mexicans in the U.S., can be found at the end of my book chapter titled, "U.S. and Mexican Schools as Regulators of Dropout Rates for Chicano Students" (pp. 209-235), which appeared in Leal, D. L, and Limon, J. E., Immigration and the Border, Notre Dame:  University of Notre Dame Press, 2013.  My comments in this chapter are suggestive of how we Chicanada must address policy issues in Mexico because what happens in Mexico does not stay in Mexico.




 


Marijuana May Boost, Rather Than Dull, the Elderly Brain
Senior mice treated with THC improved on learning and memory tests
By Stephani Sutherland on May 10, 2017

 
Picture the stereotypical pot smoker: young, dazed and confused. Marijuana has long been known for its psychoactive effects, which can include cognitive impairment. But new research published this week in Nature Medicine suggests the drug might affect older users very differently than young ones—at least in mice. Instead of impairing learning and memory as it does in young people, the drug appears to reverse age-related declines in the cognitive performance of elderly mice.Researchers led by Andreas Zimmer of the University of Bonn in Germany gave low doses of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, or THC, marijuana’s main active ingredient, to young, mature and aged mice.

As expected, young mice treated with THC performed slightly worse on behavioral tests of memory and learning. For example, after THC young mice took longer to learn where a safe platform was hidden in a water maze, and they had a harder time recognizing another mouse to which they had previously been exposed. Without the drug, mature and aged mice performed worse on the tests than young ones did. But after receiving THC the elderly animals’ performances improved to the point that they resembled those of young, untreated mice. “The effects were very robust, very profound,” Zimmer says.

Other experts praised the study but cautioned against extrapolating the findings to humans. “This well-designed set of experiments shows that chronic THC pretreatment appears to restore a significant level of diminished cognitive performance in older mice, while corroborating the opposite effect among young mice,” Susan Weiss, director of the Division of Extramural Research at the National Institute on Drug Abuse who was not involved in the study, wrote in an e-mail. Nevertheless, she added, “While it would be tempting to presume the relevance of these findings [extends] to aging humans…further research will be critically needed.”

When the researchers examined the brains of the treated, elderly mice for an explanation, they noticed neurons in the hippocampus—a brain area critical for learning and memory—had sprouted more synaptic spines, the points of contact for communication between neurons. Even more striking, the gene expression pattern in the hippocampi of THC-treated aged mice was radically different from that of untreated elderly mice. “That is something we absolutely did not expect: the old animals [that received] THC looked most similar to the young, untreated control mice,” Zimmer says.

The findings raise the intriguing possibility THC and other “cannabinoids” might act as anti-aging molecules in the brain. Cannabinoids include dozens of biologically active compounds found in the Cannabis sativa plant. THC, the most highly studied type, is largely responsible for marijuana’s psychoactive effects. The plant compounds mimic our brain’s own marijuana like molecules, called endogenous cannabinoids, which activate specific receptors in the brain capable of modulating neural activity. “We know the endogenous cannabinoid system is very dynamic; it goes through changes over the lifespan,” says Ryan McLaughlin, a researcher who studies cannabis and stress at Washington State University and was not involved in the current work. Research has shown the cannabinoid system develops gradually during childhood, “and then it blows up in adolescence—you see increased activity of its enzymes and receptors,” McLaughlin says. “Then as we age, it’s on a steady decline.

”That decline in the endogenous cannabinoid system with age fits with previous work by Zimmer and others showing cannabinoid-associated molecules become more scant in the brains of aged animals. “The idea is that as animals grow old, similar to in humans, the activity of the endogenous cannabinoid system goes down—and that coincides with signs of aging in the brain,” Zimmer says. “So we thought, what if we stimulate the system by supplying [externally produced] cannabinoids?”

That idea does not seem so outlandish, considering the role of cannabinoids in maintaining the body’s natural balance, says Mark Ware, a clinical researcher at McGill University in Montreal who was not part of the study. “To anyone who studies the endocannabinoid system, the findings are not necessarily surprising because the system has homeostatic properties everywhere we look,” meaning its effects may vary depending on the situation.

For example, a little marijuana may alleviate anxiety but too much can bring on paranoid delusions. Likewise, cannabis can spark an appetite in cancer patients but in other people may produce nausea. So the detrimental effects seen in young brains, in which cannabinoids are already plentiful, may turn out to be beneficial in older brains that have a dearth of them.These chemicals also work to maintain order at the cellular level, McLaughlin says. “We know the endogenous cannabinoid system’s primary function is to try to preserve homeostasis within a given brain circuit. It works like an internal regulator; when there’s too much [neuronal] activity, cannabinoids suppress activity to prevent neurotoxicity.”

Restoring that protection might help safeguard the brain against cellular stress that contributes to aging. “A critical takeaway of this study is that they used low doses,” Ware says, considering that different doses could have entirely different effects. It would be difficult if not impossible to translate the dose they used in mice to a human equivalent, “but it’s clear we’re not talking about vast amounts. We don’t know what would happen with higher doses.”

Researchers don’t know exactly how marijuana affects older adults, in part because they have been focused squarely on younger people, who are thought to be at greatest risk. “Because of the public health concern, research has had a very strong focus on marijuana’s effects in adolescence,” Ware says. But although young people make up the largest group of cannabis users, their rate of use has remained relatively stable over the past decade even as the drug has become increasingly available. Meanwhile, use among seniors has skyrocketed as the drug’s stigma has faded. A March study showed that in people aged 50 to 64, marijuana use increased nearly 60 percent between 2006 and 2013. And among adults over 65, the drug’s use jumped by 250 percent.

The researchers don’t suggest seniors should rush out and start using marijuana. “I don’t want to encourage anyone to use cannabis in any form based on this study,” Zimmer says.
Older adults looking to medical cannabis to relieve chronic pain and other ailments are concerned about its side effects, Ware says. “They want to know: Does this cause damage to my brain? Will it impair my memory? If this data holds up in humans…it may suggest that [THC] isn’t likely to have a negative impact if you’re using the right dose. Now the challenge is thrown down to clinical researchers to study that in people,” Ware says.

Zimmer and his colleagues plan to do just that. They have secured funding from the German government, and after clearing regulatory hurdles they will begin testing the effects of THC in elderly adults with mild cognitive impairments.

Editor Mimi:   I particularly like this marijuana information, not only because of the great need, with people living longer, but because it is another item that was brought in by our primos, which is appears might be very positive.







THE HISPANIC LEGACY IN THE U.S

WORDS OF DR. REFUGIO I ROCHIN, DIRECTOR OF THE CENTER FOR LATINO INITIATIVES OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION IN WASHINGTON D.C.

"The first Ibero-American Congress of Cultural Heritage"

Madrid Spain
December 2001

 

Welcome to the Andres

THE HISPANIC LEGACY IN THE U.S

I would like to express my gratitude to the hosts and other friends of the Smithsonian Institution's Latino Initiative Center. I am honored to be invited to share some words related to the Hispanic legacy at the Smithsonian Institution and the role played by the Latino Initiative Center for which I am the director.

I am also grateful to the members of the Spanish Association of Cultural Heritage Managers and its President, Mr. Francisco Zamora, for inviting me to this important event. It is especially propitious for me to refer to the subject of the Hispanic legacy due to the growing interest within the United States towards our population, considered as the most representative ethnic group in that country.

Our population is exceptional and unique. However, it requires further study and understanding in order to appreciate the significance of its position within the United States of America. Also, my presentation gives me the opportunity to invite you to visit the Smithsonian Institution, which also has a unique role in America. It is an immense and complex institution, not always understood in terms of its mission and importance.

Generally speaking, I will try, in the first instance, to refer to the Smithsonian Institution as such, which puts us in context to open the discussion about the Hispanic legacy. I must add that I will use the words 'Hispanic' and 'Latino' alternatively in my speech. However, there are large differences in the meaning of the two terms. Latino refers primarily to Hispanic descendents within Latin America and the Caribbean and excludes Spain’s population. About the Smithsonian:

The Smithsonian Institution is 155 years old since the time when the English scientist  James Smithson bequeated almost all of his wealth “... to the United States of America with the sole purpose of creating, in the city of Washington, and under the name of the Smithsonian Institution an establishment for the increase and diffusion of knowledge.”

It was then that the Congress of the United States accepted the donation and issued the Organic Act of 1846 which defined the institution as it is known today. Congress established that the trust be administered by a Board of Regents and a Secretary, who have complete discretion to determine and choose the most convenient means to increase and disseminate knowledge. Likewise, Congress established that the Board of Regents be chaired by the President of the Supreme Court of Justice, the Chancellor, by virtue of his position, the Vice President of the United States, by virtue of his position, three members of the Senate carefully selected, three from the House of Representatives, and nine 'citizen' members chosen by the Board.

The Smithsonian's role in the United States is unique and prominent in that it brings Americans closer to their history and cultural and scientific legacy than any other institution in the world. Additionally, it allows Americans to learn about other people and other cultures through programs that include materials from all over the world. From the beginning, the Smithsonian has helped develop collections and exhibits to create an understanding of history, culture, and society through access to music, art, science, technology, and international exchanges.

The Smithsonian is comprised of 16 museums and galleries, the National Zoo, a library system and nine research centers. Two major new museums are currently under construction: The Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center of the National Air and Space Museum, located near Dulles International Airport, and the American Indian National Museum next to the Congress Building. U.S. The Smithsonian Center for Latino Initiatives was created as a pan-institutional office with funds and programs to assure the presence and programs for U.S. Latinos throughout the Institution. I will discuss our strategy below.

In total, the Smithsonian's heritage exceeds 280 million articles. Of this number, museum collections hold more than 140 million objects, and the archives hold about 140 million documents, photographs and other records. The libraries of the Institution have approximately 1.5 million copies. The Smithsonian thus constitutes the greatest center of creativity, courage,  aspirations, innovative spirit, imagination, ingenuity, and traditional values of the Americans. In   their collections reside the records of what America has been. Moreover, the collections include millions of articles and documents from around the world, which makes it possible for Americans to understand and investigate other cultures and societies.

The Smithsonian's research covers a wide range of topics covering astrophysics, aquaculture, anthropology, environmental studies, water division management, archaeological excavations, tropical animal behavior, endangered species and causes of Decay of works of art. The Smithsonian is a powerful combination of a very important research institution and an advanced learning center.

However, of the more than 140 million pieces and specimens, we can only exhibit 2 percent at the same time; For this reason, and as a loan, the Smithsonian delivers articles from its vast collection to the different museums of the country, which become affiliates of the  Smithsonian. In addition, hundreds of their possessions are repatriated annually, including human remains and funerary objects from native populations, all over the world.

Unlike other institutions in the United States and Europe, which attract mostly international visitors, 90 percent of Smithsonian visitors are from the United States. Museums and the zoo recorded an impressive 34 million visitors. The trend for 2001 was 40 million, before the attacks on the cities of New York and Washington on 11 September.

In addition, the Smithsonian develops temporary exhibitions in different parts of the country. It is estimated that 36 million visitors have enjoyed this kind of exhibitions near their homes. Moreover, the Institution's website registers approximately 2 million visitors per month. Entrance to the Smithsonian's museums is free and its doors remain open throughout the year with the exception of December 25, Christmas Day.

To achieve these efforts, a lot of money is needed and the commitments are diverse. Approximately $500 million dollars, or 60 percent of the funds, comes from the federal budget. Another $200 million comes from donations and sales of Smithsonian products. However, the Institution needs additional resources to cover expenses for repairs and  renovations of its historic buildings and facilities. It also needs to pay its nearly 6,000 employees in charge of day-to-day operations, security, information and education programs. That number would be even greater if it were not for the 5 thousand people who volunteer their work annually.

The Center for Latino Initiatives

Given this close review of the history and importance of the Smithsonian Institution in the United States, we might think that it has long been considered an office or museum dedicated to the Hispanic population in this country. Amazingly it was not. This omission became evident in the nineties when U.S. Latino leaders organized the ceremonies to commemorate the five centuries  of the arrival of Christopher Columbus to the American continent in 1492. For many, this date  was the opportunity to celebrate the Hispanic legacy. For others, the opportunity to question the  treatment that was given to the American Indians throughout 500 years of European   intrusion. But in the Smithsonian it was relatively little that was organized for the occasion, with   the exception of a wonderful exhibition and a program known as "Seeds of Exchange". This             program endeavored to show what the Spaniards introduced to the Americas and what they in turn took to Europe.

Local Latino leaders wanted to know why the Smithsonian did only this series of programs. In response to this concern, the Smithsonian organized a group of Latino community leaders and members of the Institution in 1994 for the sole purpose of studying the problem. This group produced a report titled "Wilful Neglect", which was published in May 1994. In a very strong language, the content of this document attempted to challenge the Smithsonian to close the existing gaps in the issue of Hispanic/Latino representation. The report explicitly concluded that:

"The institution excludes and ignores almost entirely the Latino population in the United States. This lack of inclusion is evident in the absence of facilities in museums focused on Latino or Latino American art, culture or history; The absence of Latino exhibits or programs; The small number of Latino personnel; The small number of positions aimed at curators or  entrepreneurs; And in the almost non-existent representation of the Latino community in the governing structure. For the group writing this report, it is difficult to understand how this  consistent pattern of Latino exclusion in the Smithsonian's work could have occurred without an intentional omission. "

When the report was published, a new Secretary, I. Michael Heyman, was appointed to lead the Smithsonian Institution. He had served on the National Board and was the Chancellor of the University of California, Berkeley. He witnessed Latino protests and efforts to open institutions of higher education. In a first act as Secretary, he created the "Latino Supervisory Committee" in order to determine actions to follow within the Smithsonian. That group drafted a second report entitled "Towards a Shared Vision". The report was published in 1997 and its content provided valuable initiatives on possible solutions. He affirmed that the Smithsonian should be "truly a space for the nation, representing and reflecting the changing American kaleidoscope through its collections, exhibitions, research and public programs, and its administration, employees, visitors and volunteers. "Toward a Shared Vision" also suggested the establishment of a Latino Center to coordinate, research and expand Latino programming within the Smithsonian.

Background and Role

Thus, the Smithsonian Center for Latino Initiatives was created by the Board of Regents in the fall of 1997, just four years ago. In some ways, a historic reparation was being made, which we could sum up in the words of Secretary Heyman in his inaugural address of 1994:

"We will pay special attention to Americans of Hispanic origin, not to differentiate them, but to educate us all about our origins, in a way that promotes feelings of pride and therefore acts against separation and make creation more achievable of a single type of Americans. "

Mission and Priorities

I had the honor and the immense responsibility of being appointed Founding Director of the  Center. I opened the Center near the office of the Secretary in the Smithsonian Castle on August 1998. My authoriztion as Director has been to define the course and direction of the Center within the Smithsonian Institution, across all its historic programs, buildings and diverse museums.

Today our mandate is clearly in line with the vision of the Smithsonian's first benefactor, James Smithson, in the sense of creating an entity for the "increase and diffusion of knowledge." Mr. Smithson believed that the development of knowledge would generate opportunities for the social and moral improvement of mankind. Smithson also believed that spreading that knowledge was equally important in order to reach the widest possible audience.

Today the Center's mission is to advance and spread the knowledge and understanding of the contributions of Latinos and Latinas in the history, art, music, culture, science and society of the United States. Our mission is being fulfilled through the generation of knowledge through research and scholarships, interpreting and communicating knowledge through exhibitions, electronic and Internet capabilities, and building dialogue and relationships among Latino communities living in the United States, The Smithsonian Institution and other organizations dedicated to education and knowledge, foundations, corporations and government agencies.

First, we are a Center dedicated primarily to enhancing the knowledge and understanding of Latinos living and working in the United States and its territories. We have a commitment to education and communication throughout the nation and with Latino communities. We give  priority to Latinos from the United States in our activities, including Latinos from Puerto Rico and the territories of the United States. This does not mean, however, that we have an exclusive agenda or division between Latinos in the United States and those in Latin America. We have no borders because in our work and research we have much to learn from others and much to gain in the study of science, history, art, music, entertainment and culture of Latin America.

Second, we are a Center that facilitates and promotes Latino initiatives within the same Smithsonian Institution. That is, through our work we intend to increase the representation of Latinos in the Smithsonian's museums, galleries and educational and research centers. Our intention is to improve more and more the dependencies of the Smithsonian in terms of Latin representation.

Third, we are a Center committed to strengthening the nation's interest in the museums, cultural centers and educational initiatives of Latinos. We are achieving this by developing training programs, workshops, communication systems, forums and national events, and collaborating with networks of students, curators, conservationists and professionals committed to history,  art, music, photography, science and culture Latina Our mission will be successful as we complement our work with that of others committed to Latino communities.

Fourth, we are also a Center that leads the way in promoting initiatives where and when theCenter must show the way. Among these initiatives we can mention the interdisciplinary and interinstitutional projects focused on the combination of resources and specialties.

Programs of the Center

Today, the Center for Latino Initiatives has an overall strategic plan for Latin programming, consisting of three areas:

• Historical and Musical Traditions 
How to define the Latino without talking about the rhythms, verses and melodies that circulate through the blood of the Hispanic population? There is no doubt that the
corrido, son, cumbia, rancheras, mariachi, tangos, vallenato, bolero, salsa or merengue, among many other rhythms, are an essential part of the Latino being. That is why we have focused on Latin/Latino music  because it connects and enriches our knowledge about Latino history and culture and gives our society a wonderful display of Latino presence and spirit. It is our intention to express Latino music, and to the musicians and scholars of the same, a predominant place within the Smithsonian. We also sponsor research related to the history and culture of Latin music. Our goal is to establish a national center for information, study and references of authors of Latino  music. The program will also include presentations and educational events co-sponsored by Smithsonian museums and educational facilities.

• Latino Arts and Culture

The intention of the Center's initiatives in the Latino arts and culture is to publicize the immense contributions of Latinos in areas such as visual and performing arts, fashion and illustration, and other related artistic productions, in order to increase their understanding. The Center promotes research related to these themes, exhibits and opportunities within the Smithsonian in order to reach larger audiences. The Center has plans to raise funds for the funding of Smithsonian researchers and support programs for Latino communities throughout the nation. To achieve success in this regard, exhibitions and collaboration within the Smithsonian and organizations that promote Latino culture, arts, and legacy are essential.

• Research, Dissemination and Educational Resources

We have identified, on the other hand, the need to interweave the areas of music, arts, culture, and science with a staff dedicated primarily to the goal of increasing research, dissemination and educational resources. We have several lines of responsibility, including: Pre and Post-Doctoral programs for resident experts. Training at the Smithsonian and assistance and technical support to Latino museums and cultural centers. An additional component in our educational programming is the "Virtual Gallery Latina" of the Center, which presents exhibits related to Latino themes and educational content.

Challenges and Opportunities

Today there is no doubt about the importance of having a Latino Center at the Smithsonian Institution. We have about 40 million people of Hispanic/Latino origin living in the United States and Puerto Rico, or about 14% of the total population. Given the rising birthrate and the nearly 700,000 new Latino immigrants each year, we anticipate about 50 million Latinos in the next 10 years. Latinos from kindergarten to the last year of high school are now the largest minority enrolled in public schools. In 2000, Latino voters accounted for 9 percent of national results in local elections. It is expected that this percentage will increase exponentially in the next elections, and thus provide voters of Latin origin with an important role in America. Keep in mind that Latinos are relatively young. In fact, about half of the Latino population is less than 25 years of age, while the average age of the rest of the Americans is 35 years.

Latinos are also, as never before, a predominant group within the US workforce and economy as a growing and influential population of consumers, voters, and investors. Latinos are increasingly important in the entertainment industry, sports (particularly in baseball and soccer) and fashion design. Hispanics' purchasing power averaged nearly $ 500 billion in 2000. Today, magazines and newspapers in Spanish are increasing in numbers and producing profits thanks to the steady increase in advertising. Spanish-language radio and television networks have an immense and growing audience. More and more Latinos are seeking information and recognition in our museums and cultural centers. This implies a great responsibility for us, since we must respond to the needs of this dynamic Hispanic population.

Latino Communities

We are currently experiencing increasing diversity and dispersion among Latinos living in the United States. Usually we think of Latinos in terms of a few distinct groups identified by their nationality, such as Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans-Americans, Central and South Americans, and other groups of Hispanic origin, including Philippinos and others of Spanish language heritage and culture. [Note: The Philippines were conquered by Spain in 1565, the islands were ceded to the US in 1898, following the Spanish-American War.]

Given this diversity and demographic dispersion, we must then refer to Latinos in terms of 'Latino  communities'. For example, in terms of places that reflect the growing concentration of Latinos in different parts of the United States. An article in "US News and World Report" identified 17  different types of Latino cultural groups. As an example, the article ranks Latinos in the United States in the following groups:

1) Californians: Mexican immigrants, middle-class Mexicans, dwellers neighborhood and American Center of Union Peak (a section of McArthur Park in Los Angeles)

2) Texans: Texans from the South, Mexicans from Houston and Guatemalans from Texas.

3) Chicagoans: Cubans, Mexicans from Chicago and Puerto Ricans from Chicago.

4) Miamians: Cubans, Nicaraguans and South Americans.

5) New Yorkers / Dominicans: Puerto Ricans, Dominicans and Colombians. 

6) Beltway Latinos: Salvadorans, Hondurans and Caribbean Natives.

7) Other: Latino or Latino Indians, New Mexico Hispanics, and migrant workers.

Latino communities are fascinating and extraordinary. Among Latinos newly arrived in the United States there are tens of thousands of Indians from Latin America. Many of them are Mixtecos, Zapatecas, Quechuas, Aymara, Yaquis, Tarahumaras, Tohono-Odum and Mayas. The Latino Indians enrich the cultural tradition through its diverse languages and customs. We also find a growing interest in Afro-Latin heritage and culture, especially from the Caribbean region. If we add to this mix the religious interests and tendencies of Latinos, including Islam and Judaism, among others, we will get a great mix of Latino communities to be addressed today within the United States.

The diversity of the Latino population is increasing so rapidly that even Latinos are sometimes unaware of the range of Latinos' identities, histories, issues, and issues of interest in the United States.

Latino Heritage

The Smithsonian Center for Latino Initiatives plays a key role in identifying and disseminating Latino culture and heritage. It also pays special attention to the projects that provide teachers and school students with information and materials that promote a positive image of Latino culture. We must focus our efforts on Latino youth and educational issues because 50 percent of the Latino population is under 23.

When we look at the characteristics of Latinos from the racial, cultural and linguistic point of view, we can emphasize in all cases that Latinos are multiracial and multicultural. This represents an important attribute of Latinos. Hardly is a Latino without racial mixture, or as it is denominated in Castilian: 'mestizaje'. There is much to be learned once the Latino concept of the mestizo term is understood. This should not be considered as a demeaning concept. According to renowned Mexican philosopher Jose Vasconcelos, in his book "The Cosmic Race" (1947): "The mestizos are the basis of a new civilization." In other words, knowing who we are, a mixture of whites, blacks, Asians and Indians, we can understand our own wealth. The great Mexican artist, Diego Rivera, contemporary of Vasconcelos, defined himself as Spanish, Indian, African, Italian, Jewish, Russian and of Portuguese ancestry. Millions of Latinos could say the same thing. Looked at in these terms, how rich we are to be mestizos!.

Exhibitions and Projects Required

Although we generally rely on social statistics to describe the Latino population, we should not forget our past. More research and publicity is needed to show the importance of Latinos. I hope the following three examples will sufficiently explain the issues that need the most attention.

An important point is the role that Hispanics played in the formation of the United States. For example, who of you knows General Bernardo De Galvez? Near the State Department we find a modest statue of the uniformed General and his horse. During the American Revolution, the General served as Governor of the Spanish territories in what are now Louisiana, Texas and ten other states. Under Galvez's mandate, Spain proved to be a vital ally and a significant factor in securing American independence from Britain. Gálvez replaced generals Washington and Clark, and commanded a multi-national army of more than 7,000 soldiers between whites and blacks from Spain, Cuba, Mexico, Puerto Rico and Hispaniola, who won a crucial battle in Pensacola, Florida, managing to stop the British. However, few of us know these facts. Worse, the aforementioned statue was not put there by the United States. It was a gift made by Spain just a few years ago. There are many more Hispanics who fought for the United States. Today I ask you: where is the recognition of the other heroes for their contribution to the construction of this nation?

Secondly, in the National Museum of American History there is a beautiful structure of stainless steel: "Infinity". Every 8 minutes it gives a complete spin. "Infinity" has done it for thirty years. Despite its history and strategic location in the city, few know its creator. It was the first piece of abstract art acquired by the Federal Government to be exhibited in the city. Its creator was a Latino born in Louisiana, internationally recognized at the time. His name: José de Rivera, born under the name of José Ruiz in 1904. He died in 1985. Other works by the artist are in the Hirshhorn and Metropolitan Museum of Art. His documents are in the American Art Archives. Despite this, very few know that this man was a Latin American. My thanks to Mr. Shayt for providing this information to me. What is evident from these data is the great need to fill our own collections with documentation on Latinos who have contributed to the Smithsonian.

Third, in times of xenophobia in America, and when it is said that Spanish-speaking Latinos are not loyal Americans, I think we need better documentation of the facts in the Smithsonian. Thanks to the information provided by Colonel Gil Colorado, I am pleased to mention some specific points in a large list of historical events.

Since the American Revolution, 38 Hispanics have received the highest honor of the nation: The Congressional Medal of Honor. I understand that few ethnic populations of the United Stateshave received so much honor. Three in the Civil War and many more in other battles including The Boxer Rebellion. During World War II, eleven Hispanics received this important award. Additionally, there were three combat pilots who accumulated 41 victories among them. In the Korean War, 8 Hispanics received the Congressional Medal of Honor. Captain Manuel J. Fernandez Jr, USAF, who was a combat pilot shot down at least 14 aircraft. The Puerto Rico Infantry Regiment 65 participated in nine major campaigns defeating thousands ofenemies. The members of this Infantry received four Silver Crosses and 124 Silver Stars as adistinction. During the Vietnam War, 13 Hispanics were awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor. The last American to leave Vietnam in the famous evacuation of the American Embassywas Sergeant Major Juan J. Valdez. In Iran, when Ayatollah Khomeni offered to release the detained minorities as hostages, the sailors Lopez and Gallegos rejected the offer, each saying: "I am American, I am a seaman of the United States, I will be the last one to leave." In Silvas, Illinois, 22 Mexican-American families living on a street just a block and a half sent over a hundred young men to three different wars: World War II, Korea and Vietnam. This street contributed to military service with more men than any of the same size in the United States. Appropriately, this street bears the name of "Heroe Street of the United States", and has its place in the military history of the United States.

There is no doubt that the United States and its history of freedom struggle owe much to the population of Hispanic origin! Today we are beginning to be aware of that historical and moral debt.

Conclusion

Today, fortunately, interest in Latin American history, literature, music, arts, photography, science, heroes, and cultural traditions grows. Latinos have a lot to be proud of. And we have a lot of work ahead of us at the Smithsonian Institution to develop the knowledge and understanding of America’s Latino population.

I hope these words have provided a solid foundation for understanding the Hispanic legacy in the United States, the role of the Smithsonian and the Center for Latino Initiatives. We have a highly qualified staff and a promising future. We are working to achieve a shared vision. From all that I have mentioned, the need to share initiatives with international organizations is evident. We will always rely on the help of teachers, students and administrative staff to carry out our exhibitions, collections and research on the Latino theme. We will need funding and investment in our programs from foundations, philanthropists and corporations. There is plenty to do and we hope that many will join in our efforts. I am sure that you have understood the situation. Thank you for inviting me as speaker. I look forward to your initiatives regarding the Latin theme.

Thank you very much

Refugio I. Rochin-Rodriguez, PhD, Professor Emeritus, University of California, 
Founding Director of the Smithsonian Center for Latino Initiatives
Rrochin@ucdavis.edu
 
Madrid Spain
December 2001


SPANISH TRANSLATION OF ABOVE PRESENTATION
Posted by the Presidential Library Andrés Pastrana 
All Rights Reserved | Created by Kirabytes


PALABRAS DEL DR. REFUGIO I ROCHIN, DIRECTOR GENERAL DEL CENTRO LATINO DE LA INSTITUCION SMITHSONIAN

https://andrespastrana.org/portfolio-items/palabras-del-senor-refugio-i-rochin-director-delcentro-de-iniciativas-
latinas-de-la institucion-smithsonian/    Jun 16, 2001

LA INSTITUCION SMITHSONIAN Y EL LEGADO HISPANO EN LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS

Agradecimientos. Quisiera expresar mi gratitud a los anfitriones y demás amigos del Centro de Iniciativas Latinas de la Institución Smithsonian. Me siento honrado por la invitación para compartir unas palabras relacionadas con el tema del legado hispano en la Institución Smithsonian y el papel que juega el Centro de Iniciativas Latinas del cual soy director.

Agradezco también a los miembros de la Asociación Española de Gestores de Patrimonio Cultural y a su Presidente, el señor Francisco Zamora, por invitarme a este importante evento. Es especialmente propicio para mi referirme al tema del legado hispano debido al creciente interés dentro de los Estados Unidos hacia nuestra población, considerada como el grupo étnico más representativo en ese país.

Nuestra población es excepcional y única; sin embargo requiere de un mayor estudio y entendimiento con el fin de apreciar el significado de su posición dentro de los Estados Unidos de América. Así mismo, mi presentación me brinda la oportunidad de invitarlos a que visiten laInstitución Smithsonian, la cual tiene también un rol único en América. Es una institución inmensa y compleja, y no siempre comprendida en términos de su misión e importancia.

De manera general intentaré, en primera instancia, referirme a la Institución Smithsonian como tal, lo cual nos pone en contexto para abrir la discusión sobre el legado hispano. Debo agregar que utilizaré las palabras ‘hispano’ y ‘latino’ de manera alternativa en mi discurso. No obstante, existen grandes diferencias en el significado de los dos términos.

Acerca del Smithsonian

La Institución del Smithsonian tiene 155 años de existencia desde la época en que el cientifico inglés James Smithson donara la totalidad de su patrimonio … a los Estados Unidos de América con el único fin de crear, en la ciudad de Washington, y bajo el nombre de la Institución Smithsonian un establecimiento para el aumento y la difusión del conocimiento…

Fue entonces cuando el Congreso de los Estados Unidos aceptó la donación y expidió el Acto Orgánico de 1846 el cual definió la institución tal como se le conoce en la actualidad. ElCongreso estableció que el fideicomiso fuese administrado por una Junta de Regentes y un Secretario, los cuales poseen total discreción para determinar y escoger los medios más convenientes con el fin de aumentar y difundir el conocimiento. Así mismo, el Congreso estableció que la Junta de Regentes sea presidida por el Presidente de la Corte Suprema de Justicia, el Canciller, en virtud de su cargo, el Vice Presidente de los Estados Unidos, en virtud de su cargo, tres miembros del Senado cuidadosamente seleccionados, tres de la Cámara de Representantes, y nueve miembros ‘ciudadanos’ escogidos por la Junta.

El rol que juega el Smithsonian en los Estados Unidos es único y prominente en la medida en que acerca a los americanos a su historia y a su legado cultural y científico más que ninguna otra institución en el mundo. Adicionalmente, permite que los americanos aprendan acerca deotra gente y otras culturas a través de programas que incluyen materiales provenientes de todo el mundo. Desde un principio, el Smithsonian ha ayudado a desarrollar colecciones y exhibiciones con el objetivo de crear un entendimiento de la historia, cultura y de la sociedad, por medio del acceso a la música, el arte, ciencia, tecnología, y los intercambios internacionales.

El Smithsonian esta compuesto por 16 museos y galerías, el zoológico nacional, un sistema de bibliotecas y nueve centros de investigación. Dos importantes nuevos museos están siendoconstruidos en la actualidad: el Centro Steven F. Udvar-Hazy del Museo Nacional de la Aire y el Espacio, ubicado cerca del Aeropuerto Internacional Dulles, y el Museo Nacional del Indio Americano próximo al edificio del Congreso de los Estados Unidos.

En total, el patrimonio del Smithsonian sobrepasa los 280 millones de artículos. De este número, las colecciones de los museos poseen mas de 140 millones de objetos, y los archivos albergan cerca de 140 millones de documentos, fotografías y otros expedientes. Las bibliotecas de la Institución poseen 1.5 millones de ejemplares aproximadamente. El Smithsonian se constituye de esta manera en el más grande centro de creatividad, coraje, aspiraciones, espíritu innovador, imaginación, ingenuidad, y valores tradicionales de los americanos. En sus colecciones residen los expedientes de lo que América ha sido. Más aún, las coleccionesincluyen millones de artículos y documentos del mundo entero, lo cual hace posible que los americanos entiendan e investiguen acerca de otras culturas y sociedades.

La investigación del Smithsonian cubre una gran variedad de temas que abarcan la astrofísica, acuacultura, antropología, estudios ambientales, la administración de la división de aguas, excavaciones arqueológicas, el comportamiento de los animales tropicales, las especies en peligro de extinción y las causas del decaimiento de las obras de arte. El Smithsonian es una poderosa combinación entre una importantísima institución de investigación y un avanzado centro de aprendizaje. 

Sin embargo, de los más de 140 millones de piezas y especímenes, únicamente podemos exhibir el 2 por ciento al mismo tiempo; por ésta razón, y en calidad de préstamo, el Smithsonian entrega artículos de su vasta colección a los diferentes museos del país, los cuales se convierten en afiliados del Smithsonian. Además, anualmente son repatriados cientos de sus posesiones incluyendo restos humanos y objetos funerarios de poblaciones nativas.

A diferencia de otras instituciones en los Estados Unidos y Europa, que atraen en su mayoría visitantes internacionales, el 90 por ciento de los visitantes del Smithsonian son de Estados Unidos. Los museos y el zoológico registraron el impresionante número de 34 millones devisitantes. La tendencia para el 2001 era de 40 millones, antes de los ataques a las ciudades de Nueva York y Washington el pasado 11 de septiembre.

Adicionalmente, el Smithsonian desarrolla exhibiciones temporales en diferentes partes del país. Se estima que 36 millones de visitantes han disfrutado de este tipo de exhibiciones cercade sus hogares. Mas aún, la página de internet de la Institución registra aproximadamente 2 millones de visitantes al mes. El ingreso a los museos del Smithsonian es gratuito y sus puertas permanecen abiertas durante todo el año con la excepción del 25 de diciembre, el día denavidad.

Para lograr mantener estos esfuerzos se necesita mucho dinero y los compromisos son diversos. Aproximadamente 500 millones de dólares, es decir, el 60 por ciento de los fondos,proviene del presupuesto federal. Otros 200 millones provienen de donaciones y de las ventasde los productos del Smithsonian. No obstante, la Institución necesita recursos adicionales para cubrir los gastos destinados a reparaciones y renovaciones de sus históricos edificios e instalaciones. También necesita pagar a sus casi 6 mil empleados encargados de las operaciones diarias, seguridad, información y programas de educación. Ese número sería aun mayor si no fuera por las 5 mil personas que anualmente ofrecen su trabajo de manera voluntaria.

El Centro de Iniciativas Latinas

Vista esta apretada reseña sobre la historia y la importancia de la Institución Smithsonian en los Estados Unidos, podríamos pensar que en ella se ha contemplado desde hace mucho tiempo una oficina o museo dedicados a la población hispana en este país. Asombrosamente no fue así. 

Esta omisión se hizo evidente en la década de los noventa cuando los líderes latinos organizaban las ceremonias para conmemorar los cinco siglos del arribo de Cristóbal Colón al continente americano en 1492. Para muchos, esta fecha era la oportunidad para celebrar el legado hispano. Para otros, la oportunidad de cuestionar el tratamiento que se le dio a los indios americanos a lo largo de 500 años de intrusión europea. Pero en el Smithsonian fue relativamente poco lo que fue organizado para la ocasión, con la excepción de una maravillosa exhibición y un programa conocido como “las Semillas del Intercambio”. Este programa se esforzó por mostrar lo que los españoles introdujeron a las Américas y lo que ellos a cambio se llevaron a Europa.

Los líderes latinos locales quisieron saber por qué motivo el Smithsonian realizó únicamente ésta serie de programas. En respuesta a esta inquietud, el Smithsonian organizó en 1994 a un grupo de líderes de la comunidad latina y a algunos miembros de la Institución con el único fin de estudiar el problema.

Este grupo realizó un informe que llevó como título: “Omisión Intencional”, el cual fue publicado en mayo de 1994. Con un lenguaje bastante fuerte, el contenido de este documento pretendió retar al Smithsonian a cerrar las brechas existentes en el tema de la representación hispana. El reporte explícitamente concluyó que:

“La Institución excluye e ignora casi enteramente a la población latina en los Estados Unidos. Esta falta de inclusión es evidente en la ausencia de instalaciones en los museos enfocadas a lo latino o hacia el arte, cultura o historia latinoamericana; la ausencia de exhibiciones o programas latinos; el reducido número de personal latino; el escaso número de posiciones dirigidas a curadores o empresarios; y en la casi inexistente representación de la comunidad latina en la estructura gobernativa. Para el grupo que escribe este informe, es difícil comprender cómo este consistente patrón de exclusión de lo latino en el trabajo que realiza el Smithsonian pudo haber ocurrido sin una omisión intencional”.

Cuando el informe fue publicado, un nuevo Secretario, Michael Heyman, fue designado para dirigir la Institución Smithsonian. Él creó el “Comité de Supervisión Latino” con el fin de determinar acciones a seguir dentro del Smithsonian. Ese grupo redactó un segundo informe titulado “Hacia una Visión Compartida”. El informe fue publicado en 1997 y su contenido aportó valiosas iniciativas sobre posibles soluciones. Afirmó que el Smithsonian debería ser “verdaderamente un espacio para la nación, representando y reflejando el cambiante kaleidoscopio americano a través de sus colecciones, exhibiciones, investigación y programas públicos, y en su administración, empleados, visitantes y voluntarios. “Hacia una Visión Compartida” también sugirió el establecimiento de un Centro Latino que coordinara, investigara y ampliara la programación latina dentro del Smithsonian.

Antecedentes y Rol

Fue así como, finalmente, el Centro de Iniciativas Latinas del Smithsonian fue creado por la Junta de Regentes en el otoño de 1997, hace apenas cuatro años. De alguna manera se estaba cumpliendo con una reparación histórica, que bien podríamos sintetizar con las palabras del Secretario Heyman, en su discurso inaugural de 1994:

“ Pondremos especial atención a los americanos de origen hispano, no para diferenciarlos, sino para que todos nos eduquemos acerca de nuestros orígenes, de una manera que promueva sentimientos de orgullo y por ende actúe en contra de la separación y que haga más alcanzable la creación de un solo tipo de americanos”.

Misión y Prioridades

Tuve el honor y la inmensa responsabilidad de ser designado como Director Fundador del Centro, el cual abrió sus puertas el 10 de agosto de 1998 y ha tenido como sede el Castillo del Smithsonian. Mi misión como Director ha sido la definición del curso y la dirección del Centro dentro del Smithsonian.

Hoy en día nuestro mandato está claramente en concordancia con la visión del primer benefactor del Smithsonian, James Smithson, en el sentido de crear una entidad para el “incremento y la difusión del conocimiento”. El señor Smithson creía que el desarrollo del conocimiento generaría oportunidades encaminadas al mejoramiento social y moral del género humano. Smithson también creía que la difusión de ese conocimiento era igualmente importante para lograr llegar a la mayor audiencia posible.

La misión del Centro es avanzar y difundir el conocimiento y entendimiento de las contribuciones de los latinos y latinas en la historia, arte, música, cultura, ciencia y sociedad de los Estados Unidos. Nuestra misión esta siendo cumplida mediante la generación de conocimiento a través de investigaciones y becas, interpretando y comunicando conocimiento por medio de las exhibiciones, capacidades electronicas y en la Internet, y construyendo diálogo y relaciones entre las comunidades de latinos residentes en los Estados Unidos, la institución Smithsonian y otras organizaciones dedicadas a la educación y al conocimiento, fundaciones, corporaciones y agencias gubernamentales.

En primer lugar, somos un Centro dedicado fundamentalmente a enaltecer el conocimiento y el entendimiento de los latinos que viven y trabajan en los Estados Unidos y sus territorios.

Tenemos un compromiso con la educación y la comunicación a lo largo de la nación y con las comunidades latinas. Damos prioridad a los latinos de los Estados Unidos en nuestrasactividades, incluyendo los latinos de Puerto Rico y los territorios de los Estados Unidos. Esto no significa, sin embargo, que tenemos una agenda exclusiva o división entre los latinos de los Estados Unidos y los de América Latina. No tenemos fronteras ya que en nuestro trabajo e investigación tenemos mucho que aprender de los demás y mucho que ganar en el estudio de la ciencia, historia, arte, música, entretenimiento y cultura de América Latina.

Segundo, somos un Centro que facilita y promueve las iniciativas latinas dentro de la misma Institución Smithsonian. Es decir, por medio de nuestro trabajo pretendemos incrementar la   representación de los latinos en los museos, galerías y centros educativos y de investigación del  Smithsonian. Nuestra intención es mejorar cada vez más las dependencias del Smithsonian en lo que se refiere a la representación latina.

Tercero, somos un Centro comprometido en la tarea de fortalecer el interés de la nación en los museos, centros culturales e iniciativas educativas de los latinos. Lo estamos logrando por medio del desarrollo de programas de capacitación, talleres, sistemas de comunicación, foros y eventos nacionales, y colaborando con las redes de alumnos, curadores, conservacionistas y profesionales comprometidos con la historia, arte, música, fotografía, ciencia y cultura latina.

Nuestra misión será exitosa en la medida en que complementemos nuestro trabajo con el de otros comprometidos con las comunidades latinas.

Cuarto, somos igualmente un Centro que lleva la delantera en la promoción de iniciativas donde y cuando el Centro debe mostrar el camino. Entre dichas iniciativas podemos mencionar los proyectos interdisciplinarios e interinstitucionales enfocados a la combinación de recursos y especialidades.

Programas del Centro

Hoy por hoy, el Centro de Iniciativas Latinas tiene un plan estratégico general para la programación latina, compuesto por tres áreas:

• Tradiciones Históricas y Musicales

¿Cómo definir lo latino sin hablar de los ritmos, los versos y melodías que circulan por la sangre de la población hispana? No cabe duda de que el son, la cumbia, la música norteña, las rancheras, los tangos, el vallenato, el bolero, la salsa o el merengue, entre tantos otros ritmos, forman parte esencial del ser latino. Por eso, nos hemos enfocado en la música latina porque ésta conecta y enriquece nuestro conocimiento acerca de la historia y la cultura latina y brinda a nuestra sociedad una maravillosa muestra de la presencia y el espíritu latino. Es nuestra intención garantizarle a la música latina, y a los músicos y estudiosos de la misma, un lugar predominante dentro del Smithsonian. Así mismo, patrocinamos la investigación relacionada con la historia y la cultura que encierra la música latina. Nuestro objetivo es establecer un centro nacional de información, estudio y referencias de autores de la música latina. El programa también incluirá presentaciones y eventos educativos co-patrocinados por los museos y dependencias educativas del Smithsonian.

• Artes y Cultura Latina

La intención de las iniciativas del Centro en las artes y cultura latina es dar a conocer las inmensas contribuciones de los latinos en áreas tales como las artes visuales y de representación, moda e ilustración y otras producciones artísticas relacionadas, de manera que se logre incrementar su entendimiento. El Centro promueve la investigación relacionada con estos temas, exhibiciones y oportunidades dentro del Smithsonian con el fin de alcanzar mayores audiencias. El Centro tiene planes de conseguir recursos para la dotación de los investigadores del Smithsonian y los programas de apoyo a las comunidades latinas a lo largo de la nación. Para alcanzar el éxito en este sentido, son fundamentales las exhibiciones y colaboración dentro del Smithsonian y las organizaciones que promueven la cultura, las artes y el legado latino.

• Investigación, Difusión y Recursos Educativos

Hemos identificado, por otra parte, la necesidad de entrelazar las áreas de la música, las artes y la cultura, y la ciencia con un personal dedicado principalmente al objetivo de incrementar la investigación, la difusión y los recursos educativos. Tenemos varias líneas de responsabilidad, incluyendo: programas de Pre y Post-Doctorales para expertos residentes; capacitación en el Smithsonian y asistencia y apoyo técnico a los museos y centros culturales latinos. Un componente adicional en nuestra programación educativa es la “Galería Virtual Latina” del Centro, la cual presenta exhibiciones relacionadas con el temas latinos y con contenido educativo: .

Retos y Oportunidades

Hoy en día no existe ninguna duda sobre la importancia de tener un Centro Latino en la Institución Smithsonian. Tenemos cerca de 40 millones de personas de origen hispano viviendo en los Estados Unidos y Puerto Rico, o sea, cerca del 14% del total de la población. Dado el incremento en la tasa de natalidad y los cerca de 700,000 nuevos inmigrantes latinos cada año, anticipamos unos 50 millones de latinos en los próximos 10 años. Los latinos que cursan desde kínder hasta el último año de bachillerato representan en este momento la más grande minoría matriculada en las escuelas públicas. En el año 2000, los votantes latinos representaron el 9 por ciento de los resultados nacionales en las elecciones locales. Se espera que este porcentaje se vea incrementado exponencialmente en las próximas elecciones, y de esta manera brindar a los votantes de origen latino un importante rol en América. Tengamos presente que los latinos son relativamente jóvenes. De hecho, cerca de la mitad de la población latina tiene menos de 25 años de edad en tanto el promedio de edad del resto de los americanos es de 35 años.

Los latinos son, también, como nunca antes, un grupo predominante dentro de la fuerza laboral y la economía de los Estados Unidos al constituirse como una creciente e influyente población de consumidores, votantes e inversionistas. Los latinos son cada vez mas importantes en la industria del entretenimiento, los deportes (en particular en béisbol y fútbol) y el diseño de moda. El poder adquisitivo de los hispanos alcanzó un promedio de cerca de 500 billones de dólares en el año 2000. En la actualidad, las revistas y los periódicos en castellano están aumentando en número y produciendo ganancias gracias al permanente aumento de la pauta publicitaria. Las cadenas de radio y televisión de habla hispana tienen una inmensa y creciente audiencia. Cada vez más latinos están buscando información y reconocimiento en nuestro museos y centros culturales. Esto implica para nosotros una gran responsabilidad, pues debemos dar respuestas a las necesidades de esa dinámica población hispana.

Comunidades Latinas

Actualmente nos encontramos con una creciente diversidad y dispersión dentro de los latinos residentes en los Estados Unidos. Usualmente pensamos en los latinos en términos de unos pocos grupos distintos entre sí, identificados por su nacionalidad, tal como los Mexicano-Americanos, Puertorriqueños, Cubanos-Americanos, Centro y Sur Americanos y otros grupos de origen hispano.

Dada esa diversidad y dispersión demográfica, debemos entonces referirnos a los latinos en términos de ‘comunidades latinas’. Por ejemplo, en términos de los lugares que reflejan la creciente concentración de latinos en diferentes partes de los Estados Unidos. Un artículo publicado en “US News and World Report” identificó 17 tipos diferentes de grupos culturales de latinos. Como ejemplo, el artículo clasifica a los latinos en los Estados Unidos en los

siguientes grupos:

Californianos: inmigrantes mexicanos, mexicanos de clase media, barrio dwellers Y

Centro Americanos de Pico Unión (una sección del parque McArthur de los Angeles)

Tejanos: tejanos del sur, mexicanos de Houston y guatemaltecos de Texas.

Chicagoans: cubanos, mexicanos de Chicago y puertorriqueños de Chicago.

Miamians: cubanos, nicaragüenses y sur americanos.

Neoyorquinos/dominicanos: Puertorriqueños, dominicanos y colombianos.

Beltway latinos: salvadoreños, hondureños y caribeños.

Other: indios latinos o latinos indios, hispanos de Nuevo México y trabajadores migrantes.

Las comunidades latinas son fascinantes y extraordinarias. Dentro de los latinos recién llegados a los Estados Unidos hay decenas de miles de indios provenientes de Latinoamérica. Muchos de ellos son Mixtecos, Zapatecas, Quechuas, Aymara, Yaquis, Tarahmaras, Tohono odum y Mayas.

Los indios latinos enriquecen la tradición cultural a través de sus diversos lenguajes y costumbres. También encontramos un creciente interés por el legado y cultura afro latina, especialmente los provenientes de la región del Caribe. Si añadimos a esta mezcla los interesesy tendencias religiosas de los latinos, incluyendo el Islam y el Judaísmo entre otros, obtendremos una gran mezcla de comunidades latinas a las cuales dirigirse actualmente dentro de los Estados Unidos.

La diversidad de la población latina se está incrementando tan rápidamente que incluso los mismos latinos en ocasiones no somos conscientes de la gama de identidades, historias, problemática y temas de interés de los latinos en los Estados Unidos.

La Herencia Latina

El Centro de Iniciativas latinas del Smithsonian juega un papel primordial en la tarea de  identificar y divulgar la cultura y la herencia latina. Además presta especial atención a los proyectos que le suministran, tanto a los profesores como a los alumnos de las escuelas, la información y materiales que promueven una imagen positiva de la cultura latina. Debemos enfocar nuestros esfuerzos hacia la juventud latina y la problemática educativa ya que el 50 por ciento de la población latina es menor de 23 años.

Cuando miramos las características de los latinos desde el punto de vista racial, cultural y lingüístico, podemos destacar en todos los casos, que los latinos son multirraciales y multiculturales. Éste representa un importante atributo de los latinos. Difícilmente se encuentra un latino sin mezcla racial, o como es denominado en castellano: ‘mestizaje’. Hay mucho por aprender una vez entendido el concepto latino del término mestizo. Éste no debe     ser considerado como un concepto denigrante. Según el reconocido filósofo mexicano José Vasconcelos, en su libro “La Raza Cósmica” (1947): “Los mestizos son la base de una nueva civilización”. En otras palabras, sabiendo quiénes somos, una mezcla de blancos, negros, asiáticos e indios, podremos entender nuestra propia riqueza. El gran artista mexicano, Diego Rivera, contemporáneo de Vasconcelos, se definió a sí mismo como español, indio, africano, italiano, judío, ruso y de ascendencia portuguesa. Millones de latinos podrían afirmar lo mismo.

Mirado en esos términos, ¡cuán ricos somos al ser mestizos! .

Exhibiciones y Proyectos Requeridos

Aunque generalmente nos basamos en estadísticas sociales para describir a la población latina, no debemos olvidar nuestro pasado. Es necesaria más investigación y divulgación para mostrar la importancia de los latinos. Espero que los siguientes tres ejemplos expliquen suficientemente los temas que necesitan más atención.

Un punto importante es el papel que jugaron los hispanos en la formación de los Estados Unidos. Por ejemplo, ¿quién de ustedes conoce al General Bernardo De Gálvez?. Cerca del Departamento de Estado encontramos una modesta estatua del General uniformado y su caballo. Durante la Revolución Americana, el General se desempeñaba como Gobernador de los territorios españoles en lo que actualmente son Louisiana, Texas y diez estados más. Bajo el mandato de Gálvez, España demostró ser un vital aliado y un factor significativo en asegurar la independencia americana de Gran Bretaña. Gálvez suplió a los generales Washington y Clark, y comandó un ejército multi-nacional de más de 7 mil soldados entre blancos y negros, provenientes de España, Cuba, México, Puerto Rico y la Española, quienes ganaron una crucial batalla en Pensacola, Florida, logrando detener a los Británicos. Sin embargo, pocos de nosotros conocemos estos hechos. Peor aún, la mencionada estatua no fue puesta en ese lugar por los Estados Unidos. Fue un regalo hecho por España hace apenas unos pocos años. Hay muchos más hispanos que lucharon por los Estados Unidos. Hoy les pregunto: ¿dónde está el reconocimiento a los demás héroes por su contribución a la construcción de ésta nación?

Segundo, en el Museo Nacional de Historia Americana posa una hermosa estructura de acero inoxidable: “Infinity”. Cada 8 minutos da un giro completo. Lo ha hecho durante treinta años. A pesar de su historia y estratégica ubicación en la ciudad, pocos conocen a su creador. Fue la primera pieza de arte abstracto adquirida por el Gobierno Federal para ser expuesta en la ciudad. Su creador fue un latino nacido en Louisiana, reconocido internacionalmente en el momento. Su nombre: José de Rivera, nacido bajo el nombre de José Ruiz en 1904. Murió en 1985. Otras obras del artista se encuentran en los Museos Hirshhorn y Metropolitano de Arte.

Sus documentos se encuentran en los Archivos de Arte Americano. A pesar de esto, muy pocos saben que éste hombre fue un latino de Estados Unidos. Mis agradecimientos al senor Shayt por proporcionarme esta información. Lo que se evidencia de estos datos, es la gran necesidad de llenar nuestras propias colecciones con documentación sobre los latinos que han contribuido al Smithsonian.

Tercero, en épocas de xenofobia en América, y cuando se dice que los latinos de habla hispana no son americanos leales, creo que necesitamos una mejor documentación de los hechos en el Smithsonian. Gracias a la información suministrada por el Coronel Gil Colorado, me complace mencionar algunos puntos específicos de una gran lista de acontecimientos históricos.

Desde la Revolución Americana, 38 hispanos han recibido la más alta condecoración de la nación: la Medalla de Honor del Congreso. Tengo entendido que ninguna otra población de Estados Unidos ha recibido tantos honores. Tres en la Guerra Civil y muchas más en otras batallas incluyendo La Rebelion Boxer. Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, once hispanos recibieron esta importante condecoración. Adicionalmente, hubo tres pilotos de combate que acumularon entre ellos 41 victorias. En la Guerra de Corea, 8 hispanos recibieron la Medalla de Honor del Congreso. El Capitán Manuel J. Fernández Jr, USAF, quien era un piloto de combate derribó por lo menos 14 aeronaves. El Regimiento de Infantería 65 de Puerto Rico participó en nueve grandes campañas derrotando a miles de enemigos. Los miembros de esta Infantería recibieron cuatro cruces de plata y 124 estrellas de plata como distinción. Durante la Guerra de Vietnam, 13 hispanos fueron condecorados con la medalla de honor del Congreso. El último americano en salir de Vietnam en la famosa evacuación de la Embajada Americana, fue el Sargento Mayor Juan J. Valdez. En Irán, cuando el Ayatollah Khomeni ofreció liberar a las minorías detenidas en calidad de rehenes, los marinos López y Gallegos rechazaron la ofertaalegando: “yo soy americano, soy un marino de los Estados Unidos, yo seré el último en irme”.

En Silvas, Illinois, 22 familias mexicano-americanas que vivían en una calle de tan sólo una cuadra y media, enviaron más de cien jóvenes a tres guerras distintas: la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Corea y Vietnam. Esta calle contribuyó al servicio militar con más hombres que cualquiera del mismo tamaño en los Estados Unidos. De manera apropiada, esta calle lleva el nombre de “La Calle de los Héroes de los Estados Unidos”, y tiene su lugar en la historia militar de los Estados Unidos.

No cabe duda: ¡es mucho lo que los Estados Unidos y su historia de lucha por la libertad deben a la población de origen hispano! Hoy estamos comenzando a ser conscientes de esa deuda histórica y moral.

Conclusión

Hoy, por fortuna, crece el interés en la historia, literatura, música, artes, fotografía, ciencia, héroes y tradiciones culturales latinas. Los latinos tenemos mucho de que estar orgullosos. Y tenemos mucho trabajo por delante en la Institución Smithsonian.

Espero con estas palabras haber proporcionado unas bases sólidas para el entendimiento del legado hispano en los Estados Unidos, el rol del Smithsonian y del Centro de Iniciativas Latinas.

Contamos con un personal altamente calificado y un futuro promisorio. Estamos trabajando para lograr una visión compartida.

De todo lo que he mencionado, es evidente la necesidad de compartir iniciativas con las organizaciones federales. Siempre dependeremos de la ayuda de profesores, estudiantes y personal administrativo para la realización de nuestras exhibiciones, colecciones e investigaciones sobre el tema latino. Necesitaremos dotación e inversión en nuestros programas por parte de fundaciones, filántropos y corporaciones. Hay bastante por hacer y esperamos que muchos se unan a nuestros esfuerzos. Tengo la certeza de que han comprendido la situación. Les agradezco el haberme invitado en calidad de orador. Espero con ansiedad sus iniciativas con respecto al tema latino.

Muchas gracias

Refugio Ismael Rochin-Rodriguez, Ph.D. 
Director General, Smithsonian Center for Latino Initiatives.
Profesor Emeritu en Economia y Estudios Chicanos/Latinos 
Universidad de California

Lugar y Fecha 
Madrid, España
Diciembre de 2001
Bienvenido a la Biblioteca Presidencial Virtual 
Andrés Pastrana|webmaster@andrespastrana.org 
APA | Biblioteca Presidencial  Inicio Colecciones  Madrid, España 


 

SPANISH PRESENCE IN THE AMERICAS' ROOTS

The Arrival of Horses in North America  
Get to know Bernardo de Galvez
1803 Battle of San Diego Bay at U.S. Naval Base in Point Loma
On May 22, the Hon. Judge Edward Butler spoke to the Boerne Literary Society, on the topic: "Without the Assistance of Spain in the American Revolutionary War, we would still be flying the British Flag."


The Arrival of Horses in North America  

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Click here: spanish exploration of north america - Google Search





Lewis and Clark are credited with being the great American explorers. Compare the limited land explorations and short length of time of the Lewis and Clark, with the map of the Spanish by horses.  The dates on the Horse trails represent specific, documented Spanish explorations by the Spanish and their Spanish horses.   

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Three hundred years Spain's exploring, prior to Lewis/Clark 

November 3, 1493: Spain arrives with horses on the island which he names Dominica, more than a  hundred years before other European nations arrive with horses.  Most horses in the Americas are descendent of Spanish horses. Note the dates and trails.

1509:  Spanish explorations expands, both north and south.  

1602-1603:  Sebastian Vizcaino expedition of Pacific Coast  
Vizcaino Diary: http://www.americanjourneys.org/pdf/AJ-002.pdf  

  

 

Two years of exploring < U.S.

May 14, 1804 the Lewis and Clark expedition left St. Louis, Missouri, on a mission to explore the Northwest from the Mississippi River to the Pacific Ocean. 

November 8, 1805, Lewis and Clark reached the Pacific Ocean. September 23, 1806 lays claim to Oregon Territory.  

In 1602, Spanish explorer Sebastain Vizcaino embarked from Spain with a fleet of six ships. Vizcaino sailed up the California coast. He was sent by the viceroy of New Spain to find harbors for Spanish ships on their way back to Mexico from the Philippines.  He made very detailed maps of the coast of Califiornia. He also named many places in California, including San Diego, Santa Catalina, Santa Barbara, and Monterey Bay.

Get to Know Bernardo de Galvez


 
http://facebook.us3.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=42e810efc6df6ab8200b24a9d&id=f1cff49b3f&e=0a3f9834b6

"GET TO KNOW BERNARDO DE GALVEZ"
is a children´s book by Guillermo Fesser and published by Santillana USA. A great opportunity to start a new dialogue on the decisive role of Spanish Speaking Americans during the foundation of this country. 

This book is also a chance for all Americans to discover and enjoy our "Spanish Side." A culture secretly mingled in the roots of this country.

Thursday, May 25, 5:00 pm.
AMA | Art Museum of the Americas 
201 18th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20006.

This program will be presented in Spanish and English
================================== ==================================
http://facebook.us3.list-manage.com/track/click?u=42e810efc6df6ab8200b24a9d&id=27612c5953&e=0a3f9834b6Spanish journalist Guillermo Fesser is known best in his country for his innovative radio program Gomaespuma. He has a remarkable ability to capture and express the human condition in his reporting, often with humor. He is also a scriptwriter, filmmaker, radio correspondent, and an advocate for children’s education around the globe. His children’s books (including Get to Know Bernardo de Gálvez and Ruedas y el enigma del Campamento MT) teach values and concepts through humor and word play. Fesser lives and works in New York City.

I hope I will see you there.  Thank you for walking this journey with me.

Sincerely, Teresa Valcarce
Ambassador of the Association Bernardo de Galvez to the United States of America


http://facebook.us3.list-manage.com/track/click?u=42e810efc6df6ab8200b24a9d&id=22b433b25d&e=0a3f9834b6

Bernardo De Galvez · 555 New Jersey Avenue Northwest, Washington, DC, United States · Bethesda, Md 20814 · USA

 

================================== ==================================


Unveiling ceremony
Speech

Photos

 

http://facebook.us3.list-manage.com/track/click?u=42e810efc6df6ab8200b24a9d&id=0ef2711e60&e=0a3f9834b6
Entrega del premio Bernardo de Galvez
(minunto 17:25)

 

 


 
1803 Battle of San Diego Bay at U.S. Naval Base in Point Loma
Report by
Refugio I. Rochin - Prof. Emeritus UC Davis

Photo, courtesy of Robert Smith

================================== ============================================
Saturday, April 22, 2017, Cassie and I attended a memorial celebration of the Battle of San Diego Bay at U.S. Naval Base in Point Loma. 

We heard speeches from representatives of the U.S. Navy Base and Casa Espana located in San Diego. Information about Casa Espana is summarized at:   http://www.houseofspainsd.com/our-history/.  

We learned that a questionnable BATTLE took place on March 17, 1803 when the Bay of San Diego was controlled by a garrison of Spanish Navy soldiers - called Brigadoons. The account is difficult to explain because of conflicting versions of the "BATTLE." 

In general, the Spanish Commander - D. Manuel Rodriguez - stopped a U.S. Navy vessel from trading or "stealing" otter pelts, which had a big market in Manila and China. At night a U.S. Navy band under the command of Capt. William Shaler, came back on land to claim otter pelts and took 
five Brigadoons with them for ransom. 

My wife Cassie Morton-Rochin
Retired Dean San Diego City College
 with Joseph J. Bray 
 Keynote Speaker, Biographical Specialist, UCSD.


 

But, the question comes up with who shot first. By the U.S. account of a historian published 40 years after the event, the Spaniards shot canons at the Navy vessel despite 5 prisoners on board. According to the Spanish Commander Manuel Rodriguez - an account found recently in the Bancroft Library - written by Manuel himself, the US Navy ship fired at the commander on the base and the Spaniards shot back, forcing the U.S. Navy group to return the 5 captured Brigadoons. 

================================ ============================================

I suppose the one and only Battle in the Bay of San Diego in 1803 is still going on in terms of words and claims to fame. NO ONE WAS HIT OR KILLED. On March 21, 1982, the land for this historical battle was designated as a California Registered Historical Landmark, 
No. 69.


The 214th anniversary celebration we attended was held on the exact same spot at Fort Guijarros (Spanish "Castillo de Guijarros").  SEE: 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_San_Diego

I noticed that the Spanish fort was buried under the base Fire Station. No more fort, no more battles. Long live the Navy Base Fire Station

~  Refugio Rochin, Ph.D. 



Left to right:  The Honorable Superior Court Judge, 
Fredrick P. Aguirre  and Refugio Rochin, Ph.D


Members of Los Californianos and Los Pobladores de Los Angeles.
Photo, courtesy of Robert Smith.

================================== ==================================
Photo on right:  Letty Rodella, president of 
the Society of Hispanic Historical and Ancestral Research, 
www.shhar.net and Nancy and Robert Munson.  

Robert is the Historian at the Cabrillo Historic Monument.



Photo below, members of the Casa de España

 

For more on this event, please to go the April issue:  Click here: Somos Primos 


Press Release

 On May 22, the Hon. Judge Edward Butler presenter to the Boerne Literary Society, on the topic:
"Without the Assistance of Spain in the American Revolutionary War, we would still be flying the British Flag."

Ree Laughlin of the Boerne Literary Society, (Boerne, Texas) today announced a program to which the public is invited.  Normally, the meetings of the Boerne Literary Society are for members only.  The reason for this exception is the outstanding speaker, Judge Ed Butler.

Judge Butler will be speaking at the May 22, 2017 meeting of the society, which will be held at the Boerne Public Library at 1:30 p.m.  His topic is "Without the Assistance of Spain in the American Revolutionary War, we would still be flying the British Flag."  His presentation will be on  the role played by Spain during the American Revolutionary War as an ally of the United States.  The focus of his power point presentation will be on General Bernardo de Galvez, the Spanish Governor of Louisiana.  Galvez is the person for whom Galveston, TX was named.  Last December, with Judge Butler's assistance, President Obama signed an Order making Galvez an Honorary Citizen of the U.S. - one of only 7 individuals in the history of our nation  to receive that distinguished honor.

Judge Butler's presentation will be a treat.  He has spoken all over the country to historical and genealogical societies, including Boston, MA; Los Angeles, Santa Ana and San Diego, CA; Louisville, KY, New Orleans and Baton Rouge, LA;  Pensacola, Panama City, Ocala, Miami and Tampa, FL, Yorktown, VA and venues all over Texas.  Over 400 members of the Texas Daughters of the American Revolution packed the auditorium in Dallas to hear him last month.

Judge Butler is the author of the book Galvez / Spain - Our Forgotten Ally in the American Revolutionary War: A Concise Summary of Spain's Assistance.  This book has already won 5 awards.  He also recently published George Washington's Secret Ally.  Copies of both books will be available for purchase.

Judge Butler is a retired federal judge.  For many years was a member of the Boerne Rotary.  He served as President General of the National Society Sons of the American Revolution and was founder of both the Order of the Founders of North America 1492-1692 and the Texas Genealogical College.  In 2016 he was admitted into the Texas Genealogical Hall of Fame.

There is no charge for admission.  First Come -first served.  
For more information on the speaker see www.galvez.com


For more on the subject of Spain's valuable contributions to the American Revolution, please go to the following site.  It has collected a series of articles on the subject of Bernardo de Galvez published in the Spanish newspaper ABC.  

http://www.abc.es/cultura/abci-estados-unidos-logro-independencia-gracias-donativos-espanoles-america-201704230241_noticia.html 
Sent by Maria Angeles O'Donnel-Olson, Honorary Consul of Spain, San Diego, conhon.espana.sd@gmail.com .  


 

HERITAGE PROJECTS

Using Current Electronic Technology Beyond the Internet and Google 

Latino Role Models & Success,
Role Model PODCAST Series  by Armando F. Sanchez
AARP Arizona Hispanic Connection: Radio dedicated to educate, celebrate, and connect, West Coast

The Michael Calderin Radio Show, East Coast


====================================================== ======================
Latino Role Models Success


"Make Succeeding 
          a Habit"


Armando F. Sanchez, 
CEO, producer, broadcaster
and author  


There are 234 Episodes in the Role Model Podcast Series

http://www.blogtalkradio.com/
latino-role-models-success
   

Leadership, entrepreneurship 
and mindful travel  

Facebook, LinkedIn: 
Armando F. Sanchez  

Twitter @ArmandoFSanchez

lsacnational@hotmail.com  


This is a treasure of interviews with well known Latinos, and Latinos whose stories should be known.  

You'll find considerable diversity of topics:
Lila Quintero Weaver & Leigh Anna Newton, what it means to be a Latina as a comic book creatorLucha Corpi, writer and author of detective and mystery fiction with social issues
Armando F. Sanchez, author, Cold War Spy  
Bel Hernandez, Sal Lopez and Daniel Haro, Lead Panel: The Impact of  Zootsuit 
Dr. Enrique Murillo, Jr., Latino Education Advocacy Days 
Cindy Vallar, writer and editor of a Pirate Magazine
Sonia T Rodriguez: Mindfulness and Success
Oscar Gonzalez: Pedro Pan Project 14,000 children left Cuba unaccompanied to US in the 1960s 
Maria G. Hernandez, Ph.D, Latina VIDA 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XIehNVxtDBE 




AARP Arizona Hispanic Connection is an AARP-hosted English speaking radio-social media platform that convenes community thought leaders to educate on relevant issues (such as history, health, education, money, and other), celebrate Latino accomplishments (academically, politically, business, arts), and connect Hispanics of all generations.

================================== ==================================
Mission: Convening to educate, celebrate, connect.

Radio: Launched May 6, 2017,  in English:
1190 AM / Saturdays 8 am – 9 am
Station’s website: http://onda1190am.com 
The initial idea came from David Parra to create a platform that would convene the community through topics of interest.  David is passionate about his work at AARP and we are thrilled about this new platform.

================================== ==================================

Mimi, We launched our radio program last Saturday and we will talk about history this coming Saturday. We will highlight PBS’s series Latino Americans. I will most likely mention somosprimos.com. If you are available and would like to join the radio program by phone just let me know. You could have a few minutes to explain somosprimos.

Question. I remember seeing in somosprimos a comprehensive list of successful Hispanics in date order. Do you know where I can find it? Many thanks.  
[ http://somosprimos.com/mercy/mercytoc.htm ]

David Parra,  DParra@aarp.org     
Director of Community Outreach / AARP Arizona  
16165 N. 83rd Avenue #201, Peoria AZ 85382
480-414-7637  
www.aarp.org/phoenix  

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qunzP5dRXTE
This radio program talks about the history of Hispanics/Latinos in the USA and Arizona, and promotes the PBS series Latino Americans, and somosprimos.com.
================================== ==================================

Mimi, Al, Frank, Dan, and James, thank you so very much for your contribution to a very successful radio program on Saturday. An edited version has been uploaded to both our Facebook page and YouTube channel. The track of Hispanic History is definitely at the top of our list and we will continue to do additional program on this important subject. Here are the links:  

Join radio shows also by: 
FACEBOOK: www.facebook.com/aarparizona 
TWITTER: www.twitter.com/AZ_AARP 
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qunzP5dRXTE 
WEBSITE: www.aarp.org/phoenix http://states.aarp.org/aarp-arizona-hispanic-connection-launches-radiosocial-media-platform/ 


 
The Michael Calderin Show

19 Episodes 

www.blogtalkradio.com/michaelcalderinshow 
Commentary on current events, news, wellness, 
and other issues affecting our nation and our communities.

East Coast
www.michaelcalderin.org 

================================== ==================================
Danielle McLaughlin is an Author, Attorney, and Legal and Political Commentator. Danielle appears frequently on U.S. and international TV and radio (Including Fox, Fox Business, CNN, HLN, TV3 New Zealand and the Sean Hannity. . .

Montgomery Granger.  Hear a first hand account of life at Guantanamo Bay during this interview with Montgomery J. Granger, Major, U.S. Army, Retired. We will be talking about his book "Saving Grace at Guantanamo Bay." 

May Golan: Israeli Social Activist/News Commentator, Born and raised in the crime capital of Israel, May Golan is a patriotic social activist who emerged as the voice and symbol of hope for the people of impoverished South Tel Aviv. May Golan is the Founder and CEO of  . . 

Elizabeth R. Blandon, Esq. Immigration Attorney was listed by The Miami Herald as one of the top-rated South Florida immigration attorneys in 2015. She graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Law School, considered one of the best in the  . . 

.
Alexa Servodidio, LCSW is the author of "Finding Your Peace Within the Chaos" and Host on her radio show "Insight into Healing." While preparing to write this book, Alexa decided to start each chapter with a question from her radio show.... 

Abbey Curran was crowned Miss Iowa USA 2008. Born with Cerebral palsy, she became the first person dealing with a special challenge throughout her life to compete in the prestigious Miss USA competition. 

Danielle Morgan, U.K. singer/songwriter/musician Danielle Morgan's 20 years in the music business have proven that timing + patience + persistence = success. Morgan's music is diverse in topic & eclectic in mood. 

Monica Quintero: A passionate, warm, and engaging journalist, Monica Quintero News Anchor and Reporter  mixes experience with flavor. Currently serving as a Main Anchor/Executive Producer for KIDY/FOX 15 in the San Angelo/Abilene news markets, Monica anchors four nightly.



Michael is a
Senior Pastor at Saint Jude Ministries

Rev. Michael J. Calderin, MA, CAP, CMHP
Saint Jude Ministries, Inc. 15800 Pines Boulevard
954-990-0918 Broward 
305-791-4330 Miami Dade
888-990-0918 Fax  



 

HISTORIC TIDBITS

Glowwounds of the US Civil War 
May 13, 1846: President Polk declares war on Mexico
Treaties of Velasco 
First Families: The Awakening Journey
Children of the Greatest Generation, A Short Memoir



Daily 52917:  Glowwounds of the US Civil War 
Learn Something New Every Day with Online Video Lessons | Curious.com
Happy Memorial Day. Around 750,000 soldiers lost their lives in the US Civil War. But that number would be even higher if it weren't for bioluminescent bacteria. During the Battle of Shiloh, in the spring of 1862, 40,000 Confederate troops ambushed Union encampments along the Tennessee River. The Union sent reinforcements and carnage ensued. The two-day battle resulted in over 23,000 casualties, making it the bloodiest of the war so far—and five times as deadly as the entire American Revolutionary War. But as injured soldiers lay in the mud overnight waiting for help, they noticed a faint blue glow coming from their wounds. Medics noted that the more their wounds glowed, the higher their rate of survival once they made it to field hospitals. Survivors named the unexplained phenomenon the "Angel's Glow" and recorded it in their journals and letters. 

But it remained a mystery until 2001, when high-school student Bill Martin visited the Shiloh battlefield and heard the legend of the glow-in-the-dark wounds. He told his mom, who just happened to be a microbiologist at the USDA. She wondered out loud whether the "Angel's Glow" could be explained by the bioluminescent bacteria Photorhabdus luminescens. It lives symbiotically in the guts of a parasitic worm, which then regurgitates it. The bacteria produces chemicals that kill the insect host, as well as any other bacteria inside it. In other words, it acts like an antibiotic. Bill decided to turn his mom's hypothesis into a science fair project. Not only did they successfully show that the "Angel's Glow" at the Battle of Shiloh was almost definitely caused by Photorhabdus luminescens; their project won first place at the 2001 Intel International Science and Engineering Science Fair. Illuminating! 

https://curious.com/curios/2017-05-29/the-glow-of-war?daily_email=true#date 

valgibbons@sbcglobal.net




This Day in History, May 13, 1846
President Polk declares war on Mexico


On May 13, 1846, the U.S. Congress overwhelmingly votes in favor 
of President James K. Polk’s request to declare war on Mexico in a dispute over Texas.

================================ ===============================
Under the threat of war, the  United States had refrained from annexing Texas after the latter won independence from Mexico in 1836. But in 1844, President John Tyler restarted negotiations with the Republic of Texas, culminating with a Treaty of Annexation. The treaty was defeated by a wide margin in the Senate because it would upset the slave state/free state balance between North and South and risked war with Mexico, which had broken off relations with the United States. But shortly before leaving office and with the support of President-elect Polk, Tyler managed to get the joint resolution passed on March 1, 1845.
Texas was admitted to the union on December 29.While Mexico didn’t follow through with its threat to declare war, relations between the two nations remained tense over border disputes, and in July 1845, President Polk ordered troops into disputed lands that lay between the Neuces and Rio Grande rivers. 

In November, Polk sent the diplomat John Slidell to Mexico to seek boundary adjustments in return for the U.S. government’s settlement of the claims of U.S. citizens against Mexico and also to make an offer to purchase California and New Mexico. 


After the mission failed, the U.S. army under Gen. Zachary Taylor advanced to the mouth 
of the Rio Grande, the river that the state of Texas claimed as its southern boundary.


Mexico, claiming that the boundary was the Nueces Riverto the northeast of the Rio Grande, considered the advance of Taylor’s army an act of aggression and in April 1846 sent troops across the Rio Grande. Polk, in turn, declared the Mexican advance to be an invasion of U.S. soil, and on May 11, 1846, asked Congress to declare war onMexico, which it did two days later.


After nearly two years of fighting, peace was established by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on February 2, 1848. The Rio Grande was made the southern boundary of Texas, and California and New Mexico were ceded to the United States. In return, the United States paid Mexico the sum of $15 million and agreed to settle all claims of U.S. citizens  against Mexico.

Sent by Dorinda Moemo   pueblosenmovimientonorte@gmail.com 




Treaties of Velasco 

Treaties of Velasco 
http://tshaonline.us7.list-manage.com/track/click?u=9ac611cecaa72c69cecc26cb8&id=3a906eca3d&e=3967c4da92

Two treaties were signed by ad interim president David G. Burnet and Gen. Antonio López de Santa Anna at Velasco on May 14, 1836, after defeat of the Mexican forces at the battle of San Jacinto. The public treaty was to be published immediately, and the secret agreement was to be carried into execution when the public treaty had been fulfilled. The public treaty, with ten articles, provided that hostilities would cease, that Santa Anna would not again take up arms against Texas, that the Mexican forces would withdraw beyond the Rio Grande, that restoration would be made of property confiscated by Mexicans, that prisoners would be exchanged on an equal basis, that Santa Anna would be sent to Mexico as soon as possible, and that the Texas army would not approach closer than five leagues to the retreating Mexicans.

In the secret agreement, in six articles, the Texas government promised the immediate liberation of Santa Anna on condition that he use his influence to secure from Mexico acknowledgment of Texas independence; Santa Anna promised not to take up arms against Texas, to give orders for withdrawal from Texas of Mexican troops, to have the Mexican cabinet receive a Texas mission favorably, and to work for a treaty of commerce and limits specifying that the Texas boundary not lie south of the Rio Grande. Gen. Vicente Filisola, in pursuance of the public treaty, began withdrawing the Mexican troops on May 26; the Texas army, however, refused to let Santa Anna be sent to Mexico and prevented the Texas government's carrying out the secret treaty. On May 20 the government in Mexico City declared void all of Santa Anna's acts done as a captive. With the treaties violated by both governments and not legally recognized by either, Texas independence was not recognized by Mexico and her boundary not determined until the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848.

Content courtesy of the Handbook of Texas
Our mailing address is: Legacy of Texas
3001 Lake Austin Blvd.
Suite 3.116
Austin, TX 78703





FIRST FAMILIES: The Awakening Journey

Hi Mimi,
Here is a new trailer for a documentary we're producing for the San Antonio Tricentennial.
FIRST FAMILIES: The Awakening Journey© - Trailer 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QYbdlH_QM7Y&feature=share  
FIRST FAMILIES: The Awakening Journey© - Trailer
A dramatic new documentary spanning three centuries of the original Native/Tejano/Texan Families.  

Gary L. Foreman
Native Sun Productions
http://www.nativesunproductions.com
http://www.epicartmurals.com



"Children of the Greatest Generation" 
A Short Memoir


Born in the 1920s and 30's, we exist as a very special age cohort. We are the Silent Generation. We are the smallest number of children born since the early 1900s. We are the “last ones.”

We are the last generation, climbing out of the depression, who can remember the winds of war and the impact of a world at war which rattled the structure of our daily lives for years.

We are the last to remember ration books for everything from gas to sugar to shoes to meat from the butcher. We saved tin foil and poured fat into tin cans to be used to make ammunition. We hand mixed white stuff with yellow stuff to make fake butter. We stood in line at the grocery store when it was learned a tub of real butter had just arrived, and as kids holding a place in line to await a mother in trail, we learned after being pushed aside by an adult stranger who was also in line, to push ourselves back in line. We saw cars up on blocks because tires weren't available. We can remember milk being delivered to our house early in the morning and placed in the milk box on the porch.

We are the last to hear Roosevelt's radio assurances and to see gold stars in the front windows of our grieving neighbors. We can also remember the parades on August 15, 1945, VJ Day. We saw the “boys” home from the war build their Cape Cod style houses, pouring the cellar, tar papering it over and living there until they could afford the time and money to build it out.

We are the last generation who spent childhood without television. Instead we imagined what we heard on the radio. As we all like to brag, with no TV, we spent our childhood “playing outside until the street lights came on.”

We did play outside and we did play on our own. There was no Little League. Ball games were "pick-up" and played on vacant lots sharing baseball mitts because only the few had them. No kid had a two-wheeler bike until about 1946 when "Victory Bikes" were sold (no chrome, flimsy frame, very thin wheels). There was no city playground for kids. To play in the water, we turned the fire hydrants on and ran through the spray.

The lack of television in our early years meant, for most of us, that we had little real understanding of what the world was like. Our Saturday afternoons, if at the movies, gave us newsreels of the war and the Holocaust sandwiched in between westerns and cartoons.

Telephones were one to a house, often shared and hung on the wall. Computers were called calculators and were hand cranked. Typewriters were driven by pounding fingers, throwing the carriage, and changing the ribbon. The Internet and Google were words that didn't exist. Newspapers and magazines were written for adults. We are the last group who had to find out for ourselves.

As we grew up, the country was exploding with growth. The GI Bill gave returning veterans the means to get an education and spurred colleges to grow. VA loans fanned a housing boom. Pent-up demand coupled with new installment payment plans put factories to work.

New highways would bring jobs and mobility. The veterans joined civic clubs and became active in politics. In the late 40's and early 50's the country seemed to lie in the embrace of brisk but quiet order as it gave birth to its new middle class (which became known as Baby Boomers).

The radio network expanded from 3 stations (NBC, ABC, CBS) to thousands of stations. The telephone started to become a common method of communications and "Faxes" sent hard copy around the world. A neighborhood television set was a rare phenomenon (circular B&W 10" screen). Most families could not afford such a luxury, so as kids, we'd head to the closest TV appliance store, which always had a TV in the sidewalk display window, where we would watch Milton Berle and his Texaco Comedy Hour and, sometimes, even a major league ball game from New York City.

Our parents were suddenly free from the confines of the depression and the war and they threw themselves into exploring opportunities they had never imagined.

We weren't neglected but we weren't today's all-consuming family focus. They were glad we played by ourselves “until the street lights came on.’” They were busy discovering the post war world.

Most of us had no life plan, but with the unexpected virtue of ignorance and an economic rising tide we simply stepped into the world and started to find out what the world was about.

We entered a world of overflowing plenty and opportunity, a world where we were welcomed. Based on our naïve belief that there was more where this came from, we shaped life as we went.

We enjoyed a luxury. We felt secure in our future. Of course, just as today, not all Americans shared in this experience. Depression poverty was deep rooted. Polio was still a crippler. The Korean War was a dark presage in the early 50s, and by mid-decade, school children were ducking under desks Russia built the Iron Curtain and China became Red China. Eisenhower sent the first “advisors” to Vietnam, and years later, Johnson invented a war there. Castro set up camp in Cuba and Khrushchev came to power.

We are the last generation to experience an interlude when there were no existential threats to our homeland. We came of age in the 40s and early 50s. The war was over and the Cold War, terrorism, civil rights, technological upheaval, global warming, and perpetual economic insecurity had yet to haunt life with insistent unease.

Only our generation can remember both a time of apocalyptic war and a time when our world was secure and full of bright promise and plenty.

We have lived through both. We grew up at the best possible time, a time when the world was getting better, not worse.

We are the Silent Generation, “the last ones.” The last of us was born in 1945, more than 99.9% of us are either retired or dead, and all of us believe we grew up in the best of times!

Sent by Oscar Ramirez 
osramirez@sbcglobal.net 


 


HONORING HISPANIC LEADERSHIP

Margie C. Talaugon. Community Organizer 
Juan José Gastélum Salcidor, Mexican Senator and Masonic, 33 Degree
Mel Jurado, California LULAC State Director


Margie C. Talaugon



Margie C. Talaugon, 84 a native of Guadalupe, CA passed away on Tuesday April 5, 2017 surrounded by her husband and all her children, Grandchildren and Great Grandchildren. Her brother Victor Cabatuan and his wife Vickie and her Sister-in-law Jerrie Talaugon.

Mom was born on January 27, 1933 at a small ranch in Oso Flaco, CA. She grew up in Guadalupe up until the age of 17, then in 1950 went off to Los Angeles with her soon to be husband Joe R. Talaugon. One of their 7 children were born in the LA area then to return to Guadalupe where the other 6 children were born (5 girls and 2 boys). Since childhood Mom had been involved in family business, telling stories of the times growing up in the pool hall sitting on the counter manning the cash register. She was proud of her childhood and obviously gaining trust by her parents to help run the business.

As a young adult Mom again had the opportunity to run her own business, handed down by a long life friend of my Grandparents, a restaurant "Margie and Joe's Restaurant" right downtown Guadalupe. They both vested their time and energy in establishing the best home cooked meal like Chicken or Pork Adobo, various Filipino foods from the different regions and a good ol' hamburger. Then as the children grew older they decided to move on and left their hometown in 1965 to Northern California for close to 25 years. Returning to Guadalupe in 1989. But so much had happened living in Northern California and our Mom obviously found her calling, as a Community Organizer, Civil Rights Advocate, and Advocate for our Manongs & Manangs, a researcher, a teacher, an Entrepreneur and what probably stands out to all that knew her "a public speaker". First Generation Filipino American her greatest accomplishments and proud moments was assisting those and empowering the people to stand up for their rights. Rights as a people not because race or religion, creed or color. For all the wrongdoings that this society can put on a person.



Here are a number of organizations and agencies my Mom had been involved in and a member of:
S.C.P.E.O.; Sonoma County People for Economic Opportunity; C.A.C; Community Action Commission; Santa Barbara County and Sonoma County; Filipino American Community of Sonoma County Inc. and Pilipino Youth Alliance; Founder; Brown Coalition; Santa Rosa Junior College; Sandigan, San Francisco; Director 1970's
Loonanon Pioneers of America, Santa Maria; Lifetime member; F.A.N.H.S.; Filipino American National Historical Society Santa Maria Chapter; organizer and lifetime member; International Hotel, San Francisco; participant and organizer; PILDEF; Pilipino Legal Defense; organizer U.P.E.E.; United Pilipino Equal Employment, organizer

One of her greatest accomplishments was the introduction of the Filipino Classification Bill - requires every state agency and department in California to categorize Filipinos as Filipinos for any statistical tabulation of minority groups. (Senate Bill 1870 and Assembly Bill 3452)

Another exciting time in her life was her invention of the Pedia-Kar Pillow; LE'ROY The Original, Pedia Kar Pillow Baby Neck Support Patent No. 4,838,611 Des. 309,393. Invented with her own children in mind.

And her final contribution to the communities The Guadalupe Cultural Arts & Education Center; founder. Now in its 17th year that sits in the City of Guadalupe in a 100 year old craftsman home. The center holds the history of Guadalupe, Guadalupe Sports Hall of Fame and the research center of the Indigenous peoples of the Central Coast. Her legacy of her life's work. As she would say "Finito"...

Here is a recent Facebook post her Grand-Daughter Sabine had written:

I am grateful for your life and every moment we had together and every story you ever told me. Now that you join our ancestors, I am grateful to count you as one. You are a catalyst and a firecracker. You changed this world. You worked hard for your people. You were true to yourself always. You gave space for people to do what they needed to do. You are brilliant; you carved strategy out of rock barriers to help everyone thrive. You knew hard times and that good times were for celebrating. You know the life you wanted to live and you loved it. You were genuine and rooted; you never let anyone sway you. You knew your power. You knew the power of people. You know how hard it is to navigate this world. You knew what it was like to be seen different, as crazy. And I hope you know how much I learned from you although I'm sure you don't care for the credit. All the big decisions I've ever made grew from seeds that you planted. I love you. I will always give thanks to you.

Mom is survived by her husband Joseph Richard Talaugon, her daughter Judith Nona Talaugon, Joni Dee (Hall Ewing), Kristina Talaugon-Rivera (widow), Karen Louise Evangelista (Mario), Joseph Richard Talaugon II, Andrea Lee VanKoughnet and Manuel Nicolas Talaugon (Maris).

16 Grand-Children, 20 Great-Grandchildren and 1 Great-Great-Grandchild on the way. Her brother Victor Cabatuan and many nephews and nieces.

Our family would like to thank Santa Ynez Tribal Health Clinic, Primary care Physician Dr. Amanda Scott and her staff, Dr. Fields and Dr. Ourieff and all the Marian Medical Center nurses that cared for her. Dignity Health Hospice and their ability to assist us in the most incredible journey to see her through. Our heartfelt thanks to Adelina Padilla and her husband Osvaldo for keeping the fire. A huge thanks to all our relatives and friends who keep us in prayer and all the good energy.

In lieu of flowers, donations can be made to the Guadalupe Cultural Arts & Education Center for the Margie Talaugon Scholarship Program.  Any questions, please contact: Karen 805-478-8502

To leave a condolence for the family visit www.dudleyhoffmanmortuary.com
Dudley-Hoffman  Mortuary & Crematory  (805) 922-8463

www.dudleyhoffmanmortuary.com 
Joe Talaugon on how his mother, Chumash Indian, met and married his Filipino father

Sent by Dorinda Moreno  pueblosenmovimientonorte@gmail.com 

Condolences to the Joe Talaugon family for the passing of beloved Margie Talaugon   ~ Revanon Deborah Dunn
Apr 18, 2017 1http://santamariatimes.com/content/tncms/live/#1 



https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Gral._JJGS_militar.JPG
Juan José Gastélum Salcido

Mimi...Juan Jose Gastelum was my mother's cousin
 and my grandmother's 
(Guadalupe Gastelum Valenzuela)  nephew.  

Frances Rios  
francesrios499@hotmail.com

 

 

================================== ==================================
General de División y Senador de la República,  Juan José Gastélum Salcido, Past Soberano Gran Comendador del Supremo Consejo de México y Soberano Gran Comendador de Honor del mismo. 

[ 1 ] Vicepresidente de la XI Conferencia de Supremos Consejos del Mundo.
 
SubSecretario de la Defensa Nacional.
General of Division and Senator of the Republic, Juan José Gastélum Salcido, Past Sovereign Grand Commander of the Supreme Council of Mexico and Sovereign Grand Commander of Honor of the same. 

[
1 ]
Vice President of the XI Conference of Supreme Councils of the World.
  
Deputy Secretary of National Defense.
 
Con solo 16 años de edad ingresó como voluntario al movimiento Revolucionario, actuando posteriormente en el maderismo y el constitucionalismo, sirviendo siempre en los gobiernos legítimamente constituidos. 

Elevado al Grado 33º por la Logia Masónica ya la Dignidad de Gran Inspector General de la Orden en 1954, para posteriormente llegar a la de Miembro Activo en 1963. En abril de 1968 fue electo Soberano Gran Comendador del Supremo Consejo de México, quien duró 9 años en dicho cargo (una elección y dos reelecciones, máximo del tiempo permitido por Estatutos), donde terminando dicho cargo fue nombrado por unanimidad Soberano Gran Comendador de Honor.

El General de División Juan José Gastelum Salcido, Soberano Gran Comendador, fue visitado en un viaje de buena voluntad.</ref> por el destacado Hermano masón Edwin Aldrin primer hombre que puso un pie en la luna. 

En materia Internacional, concurrió en diversos Congresos Masónicos, europeos, americanos y mundiales, y en el XI Congreso de Supremos Consejos del Mundo fue designado Vicepresidente Mundial.

El Supremo Consejo de España, al recuperar su sede en Madrid, le designó, su Soberano Gran Comendador de Honor. 

Asimismo desempeñó el cargo de Subsecretario de la Defensa Nacional al servicio del entonces presidente Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, cargo que culmina una carrera castrense extraordinaria e impecable. 

Su Estado natal Sonora lo eleva al Senado de la República en el año de 1976. Logra obtener el máximo grado de General de División del Ejército Mexicano que ostentó hasta su muerte en 1981, ya que por decreto presidencial no perdió su calidad de Divisionario en activo. 

At only 16 years of age, he entered the Revolutionary movement as a volunteer, acting later on in Maderism and Constitutionalism, always serving in legitimately constituted governments.

He was elevated to the 33rd Degree by the Masonic Lodge and to the Dignity of Great Inspector General of the Order in 1954, later to become an Active Member in 1963. In April 1968, he was elected Sovereign Grand Commander of the Supreme Council of Mexico, which lasted 9 Years in that position (one election and two reelections, maximum of the time allowed by Statutes), where finishing this position was unanimously appointed Sovereign Grand Commander of Honor.
 

General of Division Juan Jose Gastelum Salcido, Sovereign Great Commander, was visited on a trip of good will. </ Ref> by the outstanding Brother Mason Edwin Aldrin, the first man to set foot on the moon.

In international matters, he attended various Masonic, European, American and World Congresses, and at the XI Congress of Supreme Councils of the World he was appointed World Vice President. 

The Supreme Council of Spain, upon regaining its headquarters in Madrid, appointed him, its Sovereign Grand Commander of Honor.

He also served as Undersecretary of National Defense at the service of then-President Gustavo Diaz Ordaz, a position that culminates an extraordinary and impeccable military career.
 

His native State Sonora elevates it to the Senate of the Republic in the year of 1976. It manages to obtain the maximum degree of General of Division of the Mexican Army that showed until its death in 1981, since by presidential decree it did not lose its quality of active Division.





Mel Jurado, California LULAC State Director 
April 25, 2017 
Dear Friends, it is with profound sadness that we inform you of the passing of former California LULAC State Director Mel Jurado early yesterday morning at the age of 90. Mel passed peacefully in his sleep at home. Rose, his wife of 68 years, said his wish was to pass away at home.
We send our deepest condolences to the family and send them our prayers through this difficult time.  A veteran, Mel served his country and his community. He was a LULAC leader and member for many years. I remember him as a gentle and caring person always supporting the organization he was dedicated to.  Mel will be missed by all those he touched. God rest his soul.
 
Dave Rodriguez, State President 
CALIFORNIA LULAC
Member, National Board of Directors
P.O. Box 1362
Camarillo, CA 93011-1362
Please visit our new website at www.californialulac.com
April 25, 2017

 


I'm truly sadden to learn about Mr. Jurado's passing.  Mel, Rose and their family were our neighbors one block away on Rossylynn Ave, Fullerton.  

Aside from the LULAC  experience via their leadership and the Jr. LULAC organization, Mel was my baseball coach.  As our baseball coach, we learned not only the multiple aspects of the game, but also leadership qualities, as Mel was a superb model.  

The story behind his willingness to coach a baseball team was that the Pony Baseball League leadership would not allow the Chicanitos from the barrio sign-up in the league.  Mel learned about this and he quickly took it upon himself and gathered us up and organized in essence a traveling team.  

I have many fond memories when I played for Mel and learned a lot about how to play the game, especially as a catcher.  The team was exceptional  and we hardly ever lost a game.  As a matter of fact, when Mel attempted to schedule a game against the Pony Baseball League the League would not play us because of our winning reputation. 

Mel was a great man who never was recognized for his local community work, especially his work with the baseball team.

Peace, 
Richard M. Ramirez, Ed.D  
Dr.Richard.Ramirez@att.net


Sent by Yvonne Duncan Gonzalez 
yvduncan@yahoo.com
 




Latino soldiers
 Cebu, Phillipines, WW II

AMERICAN PATRIOTS

A letter from Alfred Lugo, Documentary Producer/Playwright/Veteran Advocate
Arsenal of Democracy: 
The National  World War II Museum in New Orleans
Government website, concerning "Diversity in World War I"  Hispanic/Latinos Excluded
The Animals That Helped Win World War I

ALFRED LUGO
Documentary Producer/Playwright/ Veteran Advocate
 
April 29, 2017
Dear Friends and Veterans,
There comes a time when decisions have to be made, some favorable, some not so favorable.
 I am at that point-of-decision. I have been a Veteran Advocate since 1983 when I produced my first documentary. I have voluntarily produced many productions and programs for the 11th Airborne, American GI Forum, LULAC, The Eugene A. Obregon Medal of Honor Foundation, The Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department and March Air Field Museum.
I also volunteered yearly for my wife distributing clothes, food at St. Gregory’s, working the food kitchen serving the hungry and volunteering for my sister in the Montebello community distributing turkeys and food for the poor in the community until both passed away. I was also a Scout Master for Cub Scouts and then Boys Scouts for five years producing the first Cub Scout Olympics. Within the last five years I have been actively volunteering for Welcome Home Vietnam Veterans Day and Vet Hunters Project.
Thirty-four (34) years of continual community and veteran advocacy.
With health issues at 73 years of age and a bout with cancer, I come to realize I had to make a decision. My thirty-four volunteer years have been unselfishly shared in helping other organizations complete their goals and projects.
I have finally decided to retire from all veteran organizations activities and become a member-in-name only. I can advise and consult but not be able to be an active participant. I will be concentrating, selfishly, on my personal projects; my play “Roll Call” and promote fundraising for Welcome Home Veterans Day Committee and Vet Hunters Projects.
I have been active with both organizations and have witnessed all of the positive work and volunteer participation in helping veterans and feeding the poor on a daily basis. Being on the Bike Trek across country and witnessing their unselfish work in alleys, under bridges and on Skid Row helping and financially supporting homeless veterans and recognizing Vietnam Veterans, is the reason for my decision to make “Roll Call” work towards raising funds for both organizations and at the same time accomplishing my personal goal of producing “Roll Call” in helping families understand PTSD, TBI, the High Suicide rate among soldiers and veterans.
My other project, “Vet Hunters Recognition Awards” is to give proper recognition for all of the volunteers of Vet Hunters and Vet Hunters MMC as well as raise funds for accomplishing their goal of helping homeless veterans.
If anyone is interested in helping with both or either projects, please let know. Your interest in helping us help veterans is appreciated.
I am submitting this letter praying for all to understand why I have made my decision.
Respectfully submitted
Alfred Lugo
Documentary Producer/Playwright/Veteran Advocate

 



Award Winning Author Insights
Here's A Letter That Award Winning Author Henry Cervantes Recently Received From 
The National World War II Museum in New Orleans

 

Dear Mr. Cervantes ,

I am writing to notify you that your oral history has been selected for inclusion in the Arsenal of Democracy: The George and Herman Brown Salute to the Home Front exhibition opening in the Louisiana Memorial Pavilion at The National WWII Museum~ This permanent exhibit will feature the experiences of the American home front, the roles of women and minorities during the war, the internment of Japanese-Americans, training at military bases throughout the country, and will tell the story of the attack on Pearl Harbor and the fall of the Philippines.

This Museum is designated by Congress as America 's official World War II Museum. As such, it tells the story of the war that changed the world - why it was fought , how it was won, and what it means today - so that all generation s will understand the price of freedom and be inspired by what they learn. Thank you for allowing us to preserve and share your story as part of our permanent collection. The Dedication Ceremony for in the Arsenal of Democracy exhibit will be June 10, 2017. In the next week or so, we will send you more information about the planned Grand Opening events. 

Sincerely,
Seth Paridon 
Manager of Research Services
www.nationalww2museum.org

Source: Kirk Whisler: Hispanic Marketing 101
May 19, 2017

This is a government website, concerning . . .  Diversity in World War I
https://www.archives.gov/topics/wwi/diversity

Do note how we have been excluded . . . .  

"America’s diverse population of recent European immigrants, women, African Americans, Asian Americans, and Native Americans volunteered with civilian organizations on the homefront, while others wore military uniforms and served overseas."  

Sent by Juan Marinez    marinezj@msu.edu

To contact and complain, go to https://www.archives.gov/contact 

 



The Animals That Helped Win World War I
Newly digitized photos tell the story of animals that fought as soldiers during the Great War

By Jennifer Nalewicki
SMITHSONIAN.COM 

John Bull

Rags was as brave and hardworking as the American soldiers he fought alongside during World War I. But one key detail set him apart from the men serving in the First Division American Expeditionary Forces: He was a dog.

The stray dog turned soldier was just one of the estimated millions of dogs, horses, camels and other animals that served during the Great War. Often referred to as “military mascots,” these beasts of burden typically acted as soldiers’ companions, boosting morale when times got rough for soldiers living thousands of miles away from home.

But military mascots didn’t just lend a supportive paw: They did real work on the battlefield. Thanks to their speed, strength or agility (depending on the species), they’d take on important tasks like lugging munitions and other cargo, carrying crucial messages between units and sniffing out buried mines. But many of these animals never received any recognition for their hard work and dedication, and their short lives were largely forgotten—until now.

Recently, the National Archives completed a massive scanning project, digitizing 63,000 World War I photos for its American Unofficial Collection of World War Photographs (165-WW) record series. The extensive collection, which took two years to get online, contains images obtained from the U.S. Army Signal Corps, various federal and state government agencies and the American Red Cross. While a majority of the collection contains images of soldiers participating in various stages of military life, from training for battle to engaging in active warfare, archivists noticed something else in the photos: animals.

“I’m an animal lover,” says Kristin DeAnfrasio, an archivist who worked on the project. “As I was going through the photos, I kept seeing unique animals, like a raccoon, an alligator and a bear, that stood out to me.”

Upon further research, DeAnfrasio learned that many of the animals captured in black and white served as military mascots. (She wrote a post on the subject for the archives’ Unwritten Record blog.)

Not much is known about the animals in the collection beyond the typewritten captions that accompany each photo. But they provide rare insight into an aspect of the war that often gets left out of the history books. Animals have often served on the battlefield—the Assyrians and Babylonians were some of the first groups to recruit dogs for war purposes. Closer to home, animals were a part of the Civil War, sniffing out wounded soldiers and responding to bugle calls. However, their role is often underappreciated or unknown.

Take “John Bull,” an English bulldog who belonged to an English major general up until an American air unit adopted him. Aside from the picture in the archive, little else is known about him and his time at war. Adoption wasn’t the only way animals made their way onto the battlefield—citizens also donated their own pets in a show of patriotism.

And not all of the animals whose images made it into the archives were domesticated. Take, for example, Whiskey and Soda, two lion cubs serving as the mascots of the Lafayette Escadrille, a military unit of the Aéronautique Militaire (French Air Service). Or Dick, a monkey belonging to the Provost Guard at Camp Devens, an Army training ground in Massachusetts. Their stories have been lost to time, so today historians can only wager a guess of what their lives entailed—and if they even survived the war.

Frustrated that so many of these military animals didn’t receive the recognition that they deserved, biographer Grant Hayter-Menzies wrote a book about one of them. From Stray Dog to World War I Hero: The Paris Terrier Who Joined the First Division follows the story of Rags, a canine who went from a street dog scrounging for scraps outside a cafe in Paris to a pivotal member of the First Division. 

“I wanted to write about a dog who came out of a situation where it had reasons not to trust a human,” says Hayter-Menzies. “I’m troubled by service animals in war who were [recruited] into service for something they didn’t cause. No animal ever started a war.”

Rags, who lived from 1916 to 1936, followed soldiers home after they fed him and refused to leave the battlefield. He began his military life in 1918 as a mere mascot, but soon the soldiers realized he had more to offer than just an affectionate wag of his tail. First Sergeant James Donovan taught him to deliver messages during a time when the U.S. military lacked a formal messenger service, and Hayter-Menzies credits Rags with saving the lives of "hundreds" of men thanks to the messages he successfully delivered.

“Practically overnight, Rags learned how to run messages,” Hayter-Menzies says. “He could also tell when shells were coming minutes before the men could hear it, and he would flop over [onto his side to let them know]. When Donovan would go check the mines, Rags would go with him and he was able to identify broken lines, even under foggy conditions, by running up to them and barking. How he did it, no one knew.”

Eventually, while running a message that Donovan carefully tied to his collar with telephone wire, Rags' military career came to an abrupt end. His paws and ears were injured by shrapnel, and his lungs damaged by poisonous gas he inhaled from a close-range explosion after his mask slipped off. (The message was successfully delivered.) Rags and Donovan were transferred to a military hospital in Chicago for medical care. His master succumbed to his injuries, but Rags survived. He was adopted by a military family and was their four-legged companion for the remainder of his 20 years. Today, visitors can visit his grave at Aspin Hill Memorial Park in Silver Spring, Maryland, where he was buried with military honors.

Rags’ life had a happy ending, but for many military mascots, that wasn’t the case. But at least now their memories can live on.

“Often war veterans will go to his grave and leave American flags there,” Hayter-Menzies says. “Rags shed red blood just like the rest of the soldiers. Although he weighed only 25 pounds, on his back he saved hundreds of husbands, fathers and sons. He should be honored with the same flag that they all fought under.”

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About Jennifer Nalewicki
Jennifer Nalewicki is a Brooklyn-based journalist. Her articles have been published in The New York Times, Scientific American, Popular Mechanics, United Hemispheres and more. You can find more of her work at her website.  Read more from this author | Follow @jnalewicki 

Read more:
http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/animals-that-helped-win-world-war-I-180963042/#FV1Q54bJUBCTreqg.99 


EDUCATION

Educator Gilberto Quezada Recalls Career Highlights with the San Antonio Independent School District California-Mexico Studies Center Summer 2017 Program Participants Met for the First Time
May 23rd, 1984 - - Landmark Public Education Suit Filed


Educator Gilberto Quezada Recalls Highlights 
in His Career with the San Antonio Independent School District 



Hello Mimi,

This coming June 28, 2017, I will celebrate my fifteenth year since I retired from the South San Antonio Independent School District as an Associate Superintendent of Special Programs, Finance, Pupil Services, Athletics and Records Management.  The 2001-2002 academic year was a pivotal and crucial one in my educational career.  On March 5, I turned in my letter of resignation to Yuhunter Woodard, Director of Personnel Services, with the effective date of Friday, June 28, 2002, stating in part that, “I want to thank all district employees and board members who shared with me many happy thoughts and experiences during the length of my tenure. I do hope that during my thirty-one years at South San, I have made a positive contribution to the improvement of our students’ academic achievement and for the overall betterment of our students.”  Emails, telephone calls, and letters from my colleagues started pouring in with expressions of disbelief and sadness, but at the same time, they were highly praiseworthy of my work. 

I even received a nice certificate of appreciation from Pete Alaniz, President of the  American Federation of Teachers (AFT), and its members for my efforts in conducting the consultation committee monthly meetings with a high decorum of professionalism.  My good friend, Alfred Rodríguez, from the SANYO days, and who was now working as the Bexar County Archivist send me a gracious letter: “Because of your interest and professional contribution, the South San Antonio Independent School District and many thousands of students are now making San Antonio and Bexar County a better place to work and live.  In a very positive way, you touched many young lives and helped prepare them for their future.  I have always admired your cordial smile, hard work and just getting the job done...I also know that you climbed the administrative ladder at South San and now you have left a standard of excellence that we all hope some good person will attempt to fill. The recognition that you have received from your colleagues and from historical organizations is second only to the thirst you have to continue your writings. May you find the love of God in your hands and in your dreams as you continue to enhance our knowledge and interest through your work.” 

Dr. María “Cuca” Robledo Montecel, Executive Director of the Intercultural Development Research Association (IDRA), had this to say, “The success of the program [Coca-Cola Valued Youth] in helping children stay in school in South San Antonio ISD is in no small part due to your work and commitment. Nationally and internationally you often hosted people interested in implementing the program and responded to countless calls requesting your advice on how to best proceed with the program. For me, it has been a profound honor to work alongside someone whose commitment to youth is tireless…You have left a significant mark and set high standards for those who will come after you.  For your future, there is no road yet built, but as you move forward I know you will again create a new path, one that, as always, leaves the world a better place because of you."  And, Felipe Alanis, Deputy Commissioner at the Texas Education Agency, wrote in his own handwriting the following note: “I wish you all the best with the next chapter in your life and my gratitude for serving the children that needed our voice.”  

I am really enjoying my retirement, but what I miss the most is the excellent working relationship I had with my staff, colleagues, principals, my secretary Lucy, friends, students and teachers.  My working relationship with Mr. Robert C. Zamora, our Superintendent, was always cordial and professional.  He was a very capable and competent administrator.  But now, all those wonderful memories of our working together, which I will cherish for as long as I live, will always bring a smile to my face.  I continue to enjoy these fabulous halcyon years with Jo Emma at my side and a glass of cold red wine in hand.  Each day is a celebration of life, doing the things I love best--reading and writing.  I continue to read voraciously and omnivorously.  I have, and have always had, this insatiable thirst for soaking my mind in the vats of literature. The only lamentation I feel inside a library is that life is too short and I have no hope of a full enjoyment of the ample repast spread before me.  So, indeed, there is life after South San!

Information on some of the photographs is as follows (L-R):


Photo #1: The South Side Reporter newspaper published a very nice tribute on my retirement, dated June 13, 2002. The article highlighted my many accomplishments.


Photo #2: I am assisting Dr. Félix D. Almaráz, Jr., Director of the Bilingual Education Center, who is standing by the podium, on a week of inservice training for bilingual teachers, held at Mission San José.


Photo #3: This photograph appeared in the San Antonio Light newspaper on Thursday, August 9, 1973. Miss Rosaura Villegas, Curriculum Specialist for the Bilingual Education Center, and I are planning a week of inservice training for bilingual teachers and paraprofessionals.


Photo #4: Aurelio Montemayor, an educational consultant from the Intercultural Development Research Association (IDRA), and two teachers from South High School who were involved with the implementation of the Coca-Cola Valued Youth Program. 



Photo #5: The article was published in the San Antonio Express-News and highlighted a very successful dropout prevention tutoring program that was initiated by the Intercultural Development Research Association (IDRA) called "The Coca-Cola Valued Youth Program." An article in the New York Times about the success of our program caught the attention of NBC Today Show, and consequently, they sent a crew to interview me, the staff, and some of the students.

Photo #6: I am meeting with a group of middle school students regarding their role as tutors to elementary students, who are participating in the Coca-Cola Valued Youth Program. 

Photo #7: I am addressing a group of business people at the Plaza Club of the Gunter Hotel regarding funding for educational projects. 


Photo #8: An evening dinner at the Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) conference in Austin. I am sitting at the head table because I was on the Executive Council and representing the school district. To my left is Mr. and Mrs. Al Lowman. He was President of the the TSHA. 
Photo #9: An informal discussion with some students who were in the Migrant Program. This enjoyable class that took place one summer afternoon at the Parent Development Center. 


Photo 9  An informal discussion with some students who were in the Migrant Program.  This enjoyable class that took place one summer afternoon at the Parent Development Center.
Photo #10 (L-R): Louise Gaitanos, middle school teacher coordinator for the Coca-Cola Valued Youth Program; Lucy, my secretary; Jesse James Leija, a professional boxing champion. He was the keynote speaker at our annual luncheon for the student tutors. 

Photo #11: The Texas Institute of Letters had just awarded me a handsome monetary award at the Menger Hotel for my political biography, Border Boss: Manuel B. Bravo and Zapata County,and I was asked to say a few words. 
Photo #12: If you are unable to read a letter that was hand-written by a female middle student in 1999 after I made a presentation to the student body and is visible in the background of the article, it reads as follows: 

 

"Dear Mr. Quezada, Thank you for sharing your book [Border Boss] with me. I wanted to tell you how much I appreciate you coming to my school. I also wanted you to know that when you came to talk about your book you inspired me to write a book, and my first book will be dedicated to you." 


As an educator and author, I feel that if I made a difference in the life of one student, then all my efforts were worthwhile and were not in vain.   ~  Gilberto  


"El Magonista"
Vol. 5 No. 13
May 3, 2017

Launching of the Winter 2017 California-Mexico Dreamers Study Abroad Program

The California-Mexico Studies Center 
Armando Vazquez-Ramos, President & CEO 
1551 N. Studebaker Road, Long Beach, CA 90815
Phone: (562) 430-5541 Cell: (562) 972-0986
 
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Selected CMD Summer 2017 Program Participants Met for the First Time

LONG BEACH - On Saturday April 29, the California-Mexico Studies Center (CMSC) successfully convened the first program orientation where all 34 selected and confirmed participants of the Summer 2017 California-Mexico Dreamers Study Abroad Program came together for the first time.

Also present at the orientation were Dr. Ana María Jaramillo, coordinator of the Department of Population Studies at El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (COLEF), and COLEF students who visited from Mexico to personally meet the delegation of Dreamers that will be participating in the CMD Summer 2017 program.

As you may recall from previous newsletters, the CMD Summer 2017 program is the first of our #DreamersStudyAbroad programs that will take place at El Colegio de la Frontera Norte (COLEF) on their campus in Tijuana, Baja California from August 1 to Aug. 21, 2017. 

Moreover, the CMD Summer 2017 delegation of Dreamers is our most diverse to date in terms of demographics, as it includes 24 Dreamers from California, 3 from New York, 2 from Wyoming, and 1 from Washington, Colorado, Wisconsin, Utah, and Arizona who represent 23 different colleges and universities across the United States. 

Amazingly, 29 out of the 34 program participants are women, which is a gender pattern we celebrate and continue to see on all of our Dreamers Study Abroad programs. Undoubtedly, women are proven to be more courageous and willing to advance their profesional and personal lives.


#DreamersStudyAbroad   ~   #CMDSummer2017   ~   #CMDNet


SPECIAL ANNOUNCEMENT

Launching of the Winter 2017 California-Mexico Dreamers Study Abroad Program

The California-Mexico Studies Center (CMSC) is pleased to announce that we are currently accepting applications from DACA recipients to participate in our Winter 2017 California-Mexico Dreamers Study Abroad Program, which will take place in the Mexico City-Cuernavaca area from Dec. 22, 2017 to Jan. 14, 2018.

 

 


May 23rd, 1984 -- Landmark public education suit filed
================================== ==================================
On this day in 1984, the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund (MALDEF) filed a landmark suit against Texas education commissioner William Kirby in Travis County. In Edgewood ISD v. Kirby, filed on behalf of the Edgewood Independent School District, MALDEF charged that the state's methods of funding public education violated at least four principles of the state constitution, which obligate the state legislature to provide an efficient and free public school system. 

Initially, eight school districts and twenty-one parents were represented in the suit; eventually, sixty-seven other school districts and many other parents and students joined the original plaintiffs. 
The plaintiffs in Edgewood contested the state's reliance on local property taxes to finance public education on the grounds that property values vary greatly from district to district, thus creating inequality in education funds. The case took years to work its way through the courts, but in 1990 the Texas Supreme Court delivered a unanimous decision siding with the plaintiffs. In 1993, after several earlier attempts were declared unconstitutional, the legislature passed a school finance reform plan comprising several options for equalizing funding. 

In 1995 the Texas Supreme Court found the plan constitutional but ruled that the legislature still needed to work on equalizing and improving school facilities throughout the state.

Source: Texas State Historical Association 

 

RELIGION

Christian Prayer in the White House Again


Editor Mimi:  I was really glad to see this photo.  As a Christian,  I was quite concerned when the previous administration broke the tradition of holding an annual non-denominational National Day of Prayer.  Instead, a Muslim breakfast was hosted by the president.


CULTURE

Latin Music USA
Curandero, a Life in Mexican Folk Healing by Dr. Eliseo Torres with Timothy L. Sawyer, Jr.
Josefina Lopez, Playwright/Screenwriter/Writer opens Casa Fina Restaurant & Cantina


First released in 2009 . . .

History: In 2000, (the history of) JAZZ produced by Ken Burns was aired. Burns exclusion of the Latin influence on Jazz was blatant and inaccurate.  Just as Burns was blind to the Latinos in his World War II epic and the History of Baseball, so it was in JAZZ.  

The merging and influence of the varied Latin sounds was totally omitted, making his history of jazz in the United States totally and historically incorrect. Gratefully, musicians across the country reacted and, we are collectively blessed by this exciting record of the true Latino presence in the music of  America, correcting Burns work.

Sadly, excluding our presence, Burns belied the evidence that music was a bridge among minority communities. He missed the point entirely.  His work has consistently done the opposite, putting up blinders, dividing Americans. Ignoring the presence of the mestizo/mulato Americans does not inform; it misinforms. 

Thank you to John Valadez, film-maker, producer, writer, director for letting us know that his Episode 3 was to be aired for El Cinco de Mayo this year on PBS.  Valadez produced Episode 3, the Chicano Wave.  He smoothly tells the story of the connection of  civil rights activities, expressed and bolstered by music born in the hearts and minds of young Latinos, wanting to express their hearts, heritage, and reaction to life.   Stirring and forcefully presented.  

You can view and/or purchase the series.  Go to the end of this article for information.

 ~ Mimi

From Latin jazz and mambo to salsa, Tejano, Chicano rock, Latin pop and reggaeton, LATIN MUSIC USA tells the story of the rise of new American music forged from powerful Latin roots and reveals the often overlooked influence of Latin music on jazz, hip hop, rhythm and blues, and rock 'n' roll on all of American culture.

Discover the fascinating musical fusions that propelled Latin music to the top of the US charts with LATIN MUSIC USA, the series that invites audiences into a vibrant musical conversation that has helped shape the history of popular music in the United States. The re-broadcast of LATIN MUSIC USA recognizes the contributions of Latinos to the United States, celebrating their heritage and culture, which is integral to understanding popular music in the U.S. 

Hour one, “Bridges,” begins with the rise of Latin jazz, the explosion of mambo and cha-cha-chá—a new wave of music and dance styles that swept across the nation from New York City to San Francisco—and continues with the Latino infiltration of R&B and rock n’ roll in the 1960’s. The second hour, "The Salsa Revolution" looks at the salsa influence in New York, a hybrid sound created by Puerto Ricans, Cubans, and other Latinos in the city.

Continuing this musical journey, the
third hour, “The Chicano Wave,” highlights the contributions of Mexican-Americans in California, Texas, and the Southwest and reveals how music and artistic expression played an important role in the American civil rights movement. In the final hour, “Divas and Superstars,” Latin pop explodes, becoming a global phenomenon with chart-topping songs from dynamic artists and inventive producers. At the turn of the century, reggaetón, a hot new sound with the style and swagger of hip hop, speaks to young Latinos.

Woven throughout the series are the sounds and stories of an extraordinary range of musical artists and influencers: Carlos Santana, Gloria Estefan, Jennifer Lopez, Marc Anthony, Pérez Prado, Pitbull, Ricky Martin, Ritchie Valens, Selena, Shakira, and Tito Puente to name a few. LATIN MUSIC USA also features Lin-Manuel Miranda, creator of the Tony® Award-winning musicals Hamilton and In the Heights. The life experiences of these and many other unforgettable artists reveal how Latinos have reinvented music in the United States, while never losing sight of their own rich traditions.

Narrated by acclaimed actor Jimmy Smits (24 Legacy, Dexter, The West Wing), LATIN MUSIC USA airs in English and a Spanish- language track is available.

LATIN MUSIC USA is a WGBH/BBC co-production: 

Watch Full Episodes Online of Latin Music USA on PBS

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/latinmusicusa/home/ 

Latin Music USA on iTunes
https://itunes.apple.com/us/tv-season/latin-music-usa/id331321271 
Oct 12, 2009 - Preview and download your favorite episodes of Latin Music USA, or the entire season. Buy the season for $6.99. Episodes start at $1.99.






===C=============================== ==================================
Hello Mimi,
The attached power point  presentation, "Mexican Folk Medicine and Folk Beliefs (Curanderismo y Yerbas Medicinales", by Dr. Eliseo Torres is very interesting and informative.  I remember him in the 1980s when he came to the South San Antonio Independent School District as a consultant to do workshops for our teachers.  I have in our personal library two books that I purchased from him.  One is titled, The Folk Healer: The Mexican-American Tradition of Curanderismo, and the other book is titled, Green Medicine: Traditional Mexican-American Herbal Remedies.  I lost track of him over the years and I am glad that he is now a university administrator at the University of New Mexico.  I hope you enjoy this educational presentation.
Mamá was a great believer in the use of herbs.  She used the Governadora for kidney stones, Retama for diabetes, Flor de Asar, hojas de Naranjo and Tila for nervoursness, Maruvio for gastritis, Estafiate for stomach aches, and others.  She was a firm believer in the use of herbs for medicinal purposes.  And, she learned all this from my paternal grandmother and grandaunt who were both curanderas in Nuevo Laredo. 

Saludos y Abrazos, Gilberto Quezada 

 

1. Google: Mexican Folk Medicine and Folk Beliefs (Curanderismo) Yerbas Medicinales
2. Click on: mexican folk medicine and folk beliefs--University of New Mexico
================================= ==================================
El Niño Fidencio. The fidencista movement inspires thousands of pilgrims from all over Mexico and beyond to come to the tiny town of Espinazo twice a year to celebrate El Niño's brief life and work as a powerful healer during the early part of the twentieth century. Like the other two members of Los Tres Grandes, El Niño is considered a folk saint. Click on the image at left to learn more about El Niño.
http://www.unm.edu/~cheo/ElNino.htm 

Teresita Urrea. Of the Three Great Ones, she led probably the most dramatic life, filled with tragedies, triumphs, and a seemingly endless devotion to the sick charges who came to visit her in droves wherever she went. Her short life played out against the backdrop of revolution and the machinations of national and regional politics in Mexico during the early years of the twentieth century. To learn more about Teresita, the Saint of Cabora, click on the image at left.  http://www.unm.edu/~cheo/Teresita.htm 

Don Pedrito Jaramillo. The only one of the Three Great Ones to live a long life, Don Pedrito's beginnings were not auspicious, since as a younger man he worked in the bootlegging business. How he came to have a vision after suffering from a serious injury that led to him to realize he had a don, or a gift from God to heal people, is just one element of his fascinating life that deserves further study. Click on the image at left to learn more about this famous folk saint and healer.  http://www.unm.edu/~cheo/DonPedrito.htm 


Dr. Eliseo "Cheo" Torres
Student, Scholar, and Teacher of Curanderismo

Dr. Torres can be reached at cheo@unm.edu or at: Office of the Vice President for Student Affairs, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131. Phone: 505-277-0952.

 

 

 

 

 
JOSEFINA LOPEZ, THE AWARD-WINNING PLAYWRIGHT & SCREENWRITER CELEBRATES HER 30TH ANNIVERSARY AS A WRITER WITH GRAND OPENING OF CASA FINA RESTAURANT & CANTINA
         
JOSEFINA LOPEZ, the award-winning playwright and screenwriter, the creator of the pop culture play and film, Real Women Have Curves, and the Founding Artistic Director of CASA 0101 Theater is about to give birth to yet another artistic milestone in her career, that of Restaurateur.  That's right!  Although primarily universally known as a writer, Josefina López is also a Culinary Chef who graduated with a Supreme Diploma from the renowned Le Cordon Bleu in Paris, France.  She has also attended the New School of Cooking in Culver City where she studied cuisine with a California touch and making pastries, as well as the Gourmandise Cooking School in Santa Monica, where she studied chocolate making, bread making, pasta making and pastries.
 
            Cinco de Mayo, Friday, May 5, 2017, the annual date reserved to celebrate Mexican-American culture, is the day when Josefina López will join forces with three other business partners and immigrants like herself,Executive Chef Augustin Alvarez and Restaurant Owners, Alonzo Ricardo and Emmanuel Deleage, for the Grand Opening of CASA FINA Restaurant & Cantina, a celebration of color, women and Mexican cuisine!

 

            Josefina López said:  "My motto and mantra at CASA FINA Restaurant and Cantina is:  Life is a fiesta, so wear bright colors, eat great food and dance the night away!  Our mission at CASA FINA will be to provide an excellent experience through exceptional personal service to our patrons by serving them delicious fresh food, with a unique, warm and vibrant atmosphere that leaves them inspired and feeling alive.  Our vision at CASA FINA is that we are part of the 'Artistic Renaissance' and a celebration of the best of Boyle Heights:  it's people, food and culture."
 
            López continued:  "CASA FINA Restaurant & Cantina is located at 1842 E. First Street in Boyle Heights where Serenata De Garibaldi Restaurant used to be. CASA FINA is within walking distance to CASA 0101 Theater located at 2102 E. First Street, at St. Louis Street.  I had a lot of beautiful moments at Serenata De Garibaldi when it was a brand new restaurant.  It inspired me to open CASA 0101 Theater, giving me confidence that having a theater in close proximity to a fine restaurant would be good for business for all involved. And that's exactly what happened!  We plan to continue that synergy between CASA FINA and CASA 0101 Theater, and to provide entertainment as well, at the restaurant, for our customers."

 

 
            The opening of CASA FINA Restaurant & Cantina also coincides with the 30th Anniversary of Josefina López's beginning as a writer, when as a 17-year-old student at Los Angeles High School for the Arts she wrote her first play, SIMPLY MARIA, Or The American Dream, which launched her successful career as a renowned American playwright and screenwriter.  A Pay-What-You-Can production of her play will be presented at CASA 0101 Theater from April 28 - May 14, 2017 to celebrate the historic occasion.
 
            The festivities for the Grand Opening of CASA FINA Restaurant & Cantina will kick off on Grand Opening Day, May 5, 2017 from 3:00 to 6:00 p.m. with a FREE Fiesta and Official Ribbon Cutting Ceremony with the participation of CASA 0101 Theater Board Members and local dignitaries, as well as live entertainment, which will soon be announced.  Members of the General Public are invited to come to be part of the fun!  Free Tacos, Aguas Frescas and Cake will be served to all in attendance.
 
           CASA FINA Restaurant and Cantina is located at 1842 E. First Street, Boyle Heights, CA  90033.  House Specialties include:  Ceviche, Fajitas, Molcajetes and Desserts.  There will be art on the walls at the restaurant, including exhibits by artists and painters, such as:  Juan Solis, Margaret Garcia and Emilia Garcia.  The artwork will be a celebration of women and women painters, including Chicana/o artists, Latinos and women.

           Josefina López elaborated by saying:  "CASA FINA will be different from Serenata de Garibaldi because although we will be serving Mexican food with a modern twist, we will be a Family Dinning Restaurant where everyone is welcome.  We want people in the Boyle Heights community to know that our prices are affordable and within the reach of the residents.  We were conscious to not contribute to the gentrification already plaguing Boyle Heights.  My goal has always been to make theater accessible and now I want to make this restaurant accessible to the Boyle Heights community and all those outside of Boyle Heights who love authentic and fresh Mexican food.  Yes, there are many Mexican restaurants in Boyle Heights already serving delicious Mexican food, but I promise the friendly atmosphere and fiestas will be the best at CASA FINA."
 
            López continued:  "Our Daily Specials will be my opportunity to create with Chef Augustin Alvarez special dishes and invent Chicana/o cuisine.  I also want to have wine tasting events so the Boyle Heights community can come try our wines and learn about Mexican wines from the Valley of Guadalupe in Baja, CA where our wines will come from.  We want to support Mexican wines by serving them in our restaurant.  In the future I want to create Special Events like Speed Dating, Stand Up Comedy Nights, Open Mike Nights, Bohemian Nights, Karaoke Nights and create many opportunities for Boyle Heights residents to try their hand at performing in front of a crowd.  I even want to have Paint Nights with our featured artists teaching people how to paint as they sip our wine.  It's going to be exciting and action packed in our Cantina!"

           CASA FINA Restaurant Hours of Operation will be:  Monday through Thursdayfrom 1 1:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m. for both Lunch and Dinner; Friday from 11:00 a.m. - 2:00 a.m.; Saturday from 8:00 a.m. - 2:00 a.m. including Breakfast, Lunch and Dinner and Sundays from8:00 a.m. - 10:00 p.m., including Sunday Brunch from 8:00 a.m. - 12 Noon.
 
           CASA FINA's Cantina will be open from 10:00 p.m. - 2:00 a.m.on Fridays and Saturdays with a limited Happy Hour Menu.  The restaurant will feature daily specials.  Valet Parking is available in the alley behind CASA FINA.  The phone number is 323-604-9592. The E-mail is:  
Join the conversation with us at:  www.facebook.com/casafinarest aurantandcantina
 www.instagram.com/CasaFinaFie sta 
Twitter:  @CasaFinaFiesta
 
           Please visit us online at, www.casafinarestaurant.com , to view our entire menu, including Act One - Breakfast, Act Two - Bontanas/Appetizers, Act Three - Entrées, Climax - Especialidades/Specialities, Resolution, Postre/Dessert and Beverages - Hot Drinks, Cold Drinks, Wine Margaritas, Draft Beers and Wine.
Hispanic Marketing 101
Volume 15, Number 15, May 5, 2017 

Hola! 

Today a major advocate of Latino culture will be opening a brand new restaurant in her beloved Boyle Heights ~ CASA FINA Restaurant & Cantina at 1842 E. First St. Please consider visiting this new establishment in the next few weeks. See more below. 

This week Quote comes to us from Stephen M.R. Covey's excellent & insightful book The Speed of Trust. This is part of an important series we are doing on TRUST, a very key and often under appreciated aspect of doing business. Covey recently gave a World Class presentation at the Int'l Franchise Association's Convention in Las Vegas. Best business presentation I've ever heard. 
"The people who I have trouble dealing with...are people who tend to not give full information. They purposefully leave out certain parts of the story - they distort facts." ~ Shelley Lazarus, Chairman and CEO, Ogilvy & Mather

If you find a quote you like let me know. I will be happy to send to our 13,400 plus Hispanic advertising and media executives and give you a plug for sending it!

Our Goal Latino Print Network's goal with each issue is for you to say at least once "Glad I learned that". 

Abrazos,
Kirk's signature
Kirk Whisler
Executive Editor
760-579-1696
kirk@whisler.com



 

BOOKS AND PRINT MEDIA 

Sofia and Pepe's Adventure Series by Albert Monreal Quihuis
Maria Teresa Marquez and CHICLE: 
      The First Chicana/o Electronic Mailing List 
Mario from the Barrio by Mario R. Vazquez
Betrayal & Conquer, an American Story: Over-coming Hardship & Adversity by
Dr. Ramona Ortega 
Tejano Tiger Jose de los Santos Benavides and the Texas-Mexico Borderlands, 1823-1891 by
Dr. Jerry D. Thompson
Gods, Gachupines and Gringos: A People's History of Mexico 
      by Richard Grabman
Joe Sanchez Picon Supercop/author of four books, latest Yellow Streak
Robert James Waller and Chicano literature by Felipe de Ortego y Gasca

Sofia and Pepe’s Adventure Series 
 

================================== ==================================
Hi Mimi, 

It was a pleasure working with you on the Radio program. I find it exciting when we share our history, stories and being proud of our heritage.  

My children books are design to teach our traditions, culture, history.  I applaud you for your work and efforts to unite our community, I would appreciate if you could add me to your list and keep me informed. Please send me your contact information. 

Join Sofia and Pepe on their life learning experiences. Each new adventure brings on new challenges and with Sofia’s determination and Pepe the parrot’s humor they learn about their culture, traditions and history and being proud of their Latino Heritage.     

After writing his first children’s book to honor his parents and family traditions, Albert became passionate about writing bicultural books that enrich and inspire children while creating community development and removing social barriers.     

 “Sofia’s Awesome Tamale Day” International Latino Book Award
“El Dia Maravilloso De Hacer Tamales Que Tuvo Sofia” International Latino Book Award

Sofia’s grandmother must leave suddenly to take care of her ill sister leaving a young Sofia in charge of making the family tamales for the Holidays. Sofia plans and leads in the process of making tamales which brings Hispanic families together. Foreword by Stella Pope Duarte  

“In Search for the Lost Art of Making Tortillas”

Through her dreams about her ancestors, Sofia travels to the festival of Zapopan and follows the path of the Jaguar to a secret cave hidden behind a waterfall searching for answers and The Lost Art of Making Tortillas.       

“Isabela’s Treasure” Arizona Literacy Award, New Mexico Arizona Book Award

As Sofia searches for her lost family treasure at the mission, mine and the presidio, along the way she discovers the real treasure of being proud of her family heritage and appreciating the sacrifices and wisdom of her ancestors. Foreword by former Arizona Governor Raul H. Castro  

“Sofia’s Summer Adventure” Arizona Literacy Award, New Mexico Book Award, ILBA

Sofia travels and spends the summer with her family in the country where she learns about Native American farming and making a scarecrow. She listens to stories of Tío Joaquín’s bravery and the people who fled Mexico during the Revolution.  She has fun times with her cousins, playing, swimming and a visit to the ghost house and much more.    

More Books to Come- Next book Sofia’s Dia de los Muertos- Due Oct 2017

 

Author’s Info

Albert Monreal Quihuis- Award Winning Author   
Author available for:  Speaking engagements, Readings and Book Signings
Contact:  
aquihuis@msn.com, 602.615.1850, to order online http://tiny.cc/AlQuihuis 
Award Winning Illustrator: Susan Klecka  

 


Albert Monreal Quihuis
Award Winning Author 
P.O. Box 8100
Chandler, AZ 85246
602.615.1850

María Teresa Márquez and CHICLE: The First Chicana/o Electronic Mailing List

By Miguel Juárez
These days we take e-mail and electronic lists for granted, but imagine a world where there is no e-mail or exchange of information like we have now?  That was the world for Humanities Librarian María Teresa Márquez at the University of New Mexico (UNM) Zimmerman Library and creator of CHICLE, the first Chicana/o electronic mailing list created in 1991, to focus on Latino literature and later on the social sciences. [1] Other Chicano/Latino listservs include Roberto Vásquez’s Lared Latina of the Intermountain Southwest (Lared-L) [2] created in 1996, and Roberto Calderon’s Historia-L, created in March 2003. [3] These electronic lists were influential in expanding communication and opportunities among Chicanas/os. CHICLE, nevertheless, deserves wider recognition as a pioneering effort whose importance has been overlooked.
Check out the rest:
 
https://library.osu.edu/blogs/mujerestalk/tag/maria-teresa-marquez/ 



================================== ==================================
Friends,
 
I want to bring to your attention a new book by Mario R. Vazquez titled Mario From The Barrio.
Born in the historic San Felipe Barrio of Del Rio Texas, Mario graduated from the famed San Felipe High School, the first high school built in the state of Texas in a Mexican barrio.
Mario chronicles his life journey, as part of the US Army he once saluted General Douglas MacArthur in Japan. As a champion of the civil rights movement through his work with the G.I. Forum he worked and met with iconic figures Cesar Chavez, Dr. Hector Garcia, and then California Governor Ronald Reagan. His journey culminated with a meeting in the Oval Office of the White House with the President of the United States Lyndon B. Johnson.

By documenting his story, Mario has accomplished what we are striving for, to tell our stories.  His story will inspire generations to come.  I urge you to get the word out on this book.

 
By documenting his story, Mario has accomplished what we are striving for, to tell our stories.  His story will inspire generations to come.  I urge you to get the word out on this book.
Mario's book is available now through Pre-Orders and soon to be available online, Amazon.com and BarnesandNoble.com
To order a signed copy of the book please email Mario at :   mariorv83@yahoo.com
Paypal accepted using the same email above.  $20.00 includes shipping. 

Thanks for the support.
Dave Gutierrez
Speaker, Writer, Author
408-691-3302

Sent by Dave Gutierrez, Juan Marinez, and Armando F. Sanchez



Betrayal & Conquer an American Story: Over-Coming Hardship & Adversity

Dr. Ramona Ortega is the daughter of Mexican migrants that immigrated to the United States in the 1930’s seeking the American dream. After enduring years of physical and emotional hardship throughout the 1950’s, Ramona and members of her large family found the dreams they sought. This is the inspiring story of one of the nine children born to Maria and Blas Ortega who set out to pursue her own American dream. 

Her name is Ramona.
Not letting the stifling poverty she knew as a child stop her Ramona moved from the Midwestern Iowa cornfields to Arizona pursuing her dream of going to college.


She was triumphant in her educational quest successfully earning an Associate of Arts degree from Scottsdale Community College (with highest distinction), a Bachelor of Science degree (magna cum laude) from Arizona State University (ASU) and a Master’s degree from Harvard University. 

 


But she was not finished going on to earn a doctorate from ASU eventually becoming an associate professor at The University of Akron where she was named one of six “Women “Trailblazers.” Ramona pursued other aspects of her American dream by volunteering for the Bush-Cheney Transition Team (2000-2001) an account of which she later published in White House Studies (Ortega 2015). And she also became Co-Host for the Presidential Inaugural Awards Luncheon “Leave No Child Behind.” And, yes, Ramona has danced at five presidential inaugural balls!  

Ramona has many years of public service to her credit becoming a Charter Member of the ASU Research Park Board of Directors and a member of the Arizona Governor’s Trade Delegation to Japan. She is the recipient of three prestigious presidential appointments. She was appointed by the Reagan Administration to the Community Colleges of the Air Force Board of Visitors and received the prestigious Air Force Award for Meritorious Civilian Service. Next Ramona was appointed by the George H. W. Bush Administration to the Army Command and General Staff College Advisory Board and to the National Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance. Ramona’s many tiered career includes being an associate in the investment banking firm of Boettcher and Company and she later served as director of the Unaccompanied Minors Shelter Care Program (UMSCP) receiving special recognition by the U.S. Office of the Inspector General for creating a model shelter for unaccompanied minors.

 

Dr. Ortega’s interest in government and politics began as a Scottsdale Community College student aide to Sandra Day O’Connor in 1975 later becoming Deputy Administrative Assistant to Congressman John McCain (now U.S. Senator). She has been a dynamic speaker on Hispanic and women’s issues at Harvard University and Radcliffe College and is a published author. Among her many research publications are articles on the variables influencing public sector careers of Hispanics and women in higher education.

Only in America can a daughter of Mexican migrants grow up to accomplish the things Ramona has and to live her idea of the American Dream. Few expected that this spunky 17 year old single mother would grow up to become a world traveler presenting academic papers on six of the seven continents. Ramona’s story is inspirational and illustrates that through hard work and educational preparation anyone can rise above their humble beginnings and enjoy the fruits of an independent and courageous spirit.

Ramona’s heartwarming book Betrayal & Conquer: An American Story of Courage & Resilience is available online at: Amazon. Com; Smashwords.com; or through Lightening Source Print on Demand (POD) Publishers, and Ingram Press.

Dr. Ortega is available as a motivational speaker on women’s issues, teen pregnancy, and Latinos in higher education. For book signing tours, contact her at ramona3@uakron.edu.

Reference

Ortega, R. (2015). The 2001 Bush/Cheney White House Transition: A View from the Inside. White House Studies Volume 14, Issue 2 (pp. 201-218). Nova Science            

Other publications by Ramona Ortega-Liston

Ortega, R. (1999). Affirmative Action Policies and Workplace Discrimination: Perceived Effects on the Careers of Mexican Americans in Municipal Administration.   Review of Public Personnel Administration, 6(3), 49-57.

 

Ortega, R. (1999). Can Mentoring Mean the Difference between Success and Failure for Mexican American Professionals? Journal of Public Management and Social Policy, 5(2), 1-9.

 

Ortega, R. (2001). Mexican American Professionals in Municipal Administration:  DoThey Really Lag Behind in Terms of Education, Seniority, and On-the-Job-           Training?  Public Personnel Management, 30(2), 197-210.

 

Ortega, R. (2001). Mexican American Professionals in Public Administration:  Are Poor English-Proficiency Skills Holding Them Back? Journal of Public Management and Social Policy, 7(1), 31-41.

 

Ortega, R. Plagens, G., Stephens, M., Berry, R., (March 2012). Mexican American Public Sector Professionals: Perceptions of affirmative action policies and workplace discrimination. Review of Public Personnel Administration (ROPPA), 32(1), pp. 24-44.  

Ortega, R., Fajardo, M. E., and Cadena, C., (2013). Spanish language publication.  Los mentores en el desarrollo profesional de las mujeres. Estados Unidos y México. Raudem, Revista de  Estudios de las Mujeres. Vol. 1, pp.132-152; ISSN: 2340- 9630.

Ortega, R., Marina, B., Darwich, L.; Boustani, L; Rho, E; Rodriguez-Soto, I; Berry- James, R.M. (2013). The Voices and Choices of Women in the Academy.  Journal of International Association for the Study of the Global Achievement Gap Vol. 1, pp.  5-28. http://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/jiasgag/9.  
 

Ortega, R., Berry-James, R. (2014). Critically low Hispanic college graduation rates and Under-Representation in Public Administration. In Donald Klingner and Robert Moreno (Eds.), The Perfect Storm: Drug Trafficking in the Mexico-U.S. Trans-Border Region. Philadelphia: Taylor & Francis Publishers, pp. 172-203.

Ortega, R., and Rodriguez-Soto, I. (2014). Challenges, Choices, and Decisions of Women in the Academy: A Discourse on the Future of Hispanic, Black, and Asian Members of  the Professoriate. Journal of Hispanic Higher Education, Vol. 13(4) 285–302. Available online Sage Publications at: http://jhh.sagepub.com/content/early/2014/06/30/1538192714540531. http://jhh.sagepub.com/content/13/4/285. DOI: 10.1177/1538192714540531 2014.

Sent by Rudy Padilla  opkansas@swbell.net 

 

 



 



Hello Mimi,
A very dear friend of mine, Dr. Jerry D. Thompson, Regents Professor of History at Texas A&M International University in Laredo, just had a book published this past February by Texas Christian University Press entitled, Tejano Tiger:  José de los Santos Benavides and the Texas-Mexico Borderlands, 1823-1891.  Professor Thompson and I have been friends and brother historians for many decades.  He has also been teaching at the college level in Laredo since the 1970s.  He received his Ph.D. degree in history from Carnegie Mellon University.  And, he is past president of the Texas State Historical Association, the oldest learned institution in Texas.

 

 
I advised Professor Thompson to get in touch with you regarding his new book, and accordingly, I took the liberty of giving him your email address.  Moreover, I told him to email you the table of contents, a short biography, published books and other accomplishments and a photograph of himself, and a brief synopsis of the new book. 

I would highly appreciate it if you could publish my email and his information in the June or the July edition of Somos Primos.  His new book would fit perfectly under the heading of "Books and Print Media." 
 
Professor Thompson is a prolific researcher and author of many award-winning historical books. 
 Among his numerous works, he has published the following:
Vaqueros in Blue & Gray (1977)
Mexican Texans in the Union Army (1986)
Laredo:  A Pictorial History (1986)
Warm Weather & Bad Whiskey: The 1886 Laredo Election Riot (1991)
Juan Cortina and the Texas-Mexico Frontier, 1859-1877 (1994) 
A Wild and Vivid Land:  An Illustrated History of the South Texas Border (1997)
And this is the information from Amazon Books:
"Riding the rough and sometimes bloody peaks and canyons of border politics, Santos Benavides’s rise to prominence was largely the result of the careful mentoring of his well-known uncle, Basilio Benavides, who served several terms as alcalde of Laredo, Texas, and Chief Justice of Webb County. When the Civil War erupted in 1861, Basilio was one of only two Tejanos in the state legislature. During Santos’s lifetime, five flags flew over the small community he called home—that of the Republic of Mexico, the ill-fated Republic of the Rio Grande, the Republic of Texas, an expansionist United States, and in March 1861, the rebellious Confederate States of America. It was under the Confederacy in the disputed Texas-Mexico borderlands that Santos Benavides reached the pinnacle of his military career as the highest-ranking Tejano in the entire Confederate army. In the decades that followed the Civil War, he became an esteemed political leader, highly respected on both sides of the border. This is the first scholarly study of this important historical figure.

At the pinnacle of his political career in 1879, Benavides held the distinction of being the only Tejano in the Texas legislature. Through strife, sweat, blood, and heroism in defense of the border, Benavides rose to economic and political heights few could dream of. As a friend and confidant of two Mexican presidents, he was one of the single most influential individuals in the nineteenth-century history of the border. His life was one of enduring perseverance as well as binational leadership and skilled diplomacy. He was without doubt the single most important individual in the long and often violent history of Laredo. The niche he carved in the tumultuous transnational history of the Texas-Mexico borderlands seems secure."

 

Top Customer Reviews from Amazon Books

Comprehensive & Authoritative Yet Easy-to-Read, an Excellent Biography

on March 25, 2017

 

This author writes good history! This extremely well researched and comprehensive book shows its subject, Santos Benavides of Laredo, Texas, to have been much more than simply the Confederacy's highest rank Tejano (Mexican American). It reveals him as a family man, a businessman, and a politician (one of the very few Tejanos to serve in the Texas legislature during the 1800s). The manner in which the author traces Benavides' life through prejudice, his negotiation of dual loyalties, and his efforts to bridge relations between Mexico and Texas is particularly well explained. Despite its thoroughness in covering its subject, this book is above all easy-to-read. For its coverage of a lesser-know theater of the Civil War and the insight it provides to the difficulties faced by Tejanos of the Rio Grande border area, this book should be in your library.
And Mimi, the new book may be purchased at Amazon Books, Barnes & Noble, and at Texas Christian University Press.  

Well, Mimi, thank you for all your support and may God continue to bless you with abundance of energy.  As always, I am eternally grateful for all you do to keep the Spanish Presence in Americas Roots.

Gilberto Quezada 
jgilbertoquezada@yahoo.com 

                                                          JERRY D. THOMPSON   LAREDO, TEXAS  78040  
                                                                        PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

2002-Present     Regents Professor of History, Humanities, TAMIU

1968-1982       Laredo Community College

1982-2017       Texas A&M International University                   


HONORS AND AWARDS

2016                Fray Francisco Atanasio Dominguez Award for A Civil War History of the New Mexico Volunteers and Militia from the New Mexico Historical Association

2011                Elected to the Texas Institute of Letters

2010-11-12      Texas A&M University System Teaching Excellence Award

2010`               Judith Zaffirini Medal for Outstanding Teaching and Scholarship

2008                Texas Institute of Letters (Best Non-Fiction Book) for Cortina: Defending the Mexican Name in Texas.

2007                Tejano Book Award Cortina: Defending the Mexican Name in Texas.

Texas Institute of Letters (Best Scholarly Book) for Civil War to the Bitter End: The Life and Times of Major General Samuel Peter Heintzelman.

2005                Texas Historical Commission T. R. Fehrenback Award for Civil War and   Revolution on the Rio Grande Frontier.

2005                Texas Historical Association Kate Broocks Bates Award for Civil War and    Revolution on the Rio Grande Frontier.

2002                Historical Society of New Mexico Gaspar Perez de Villagra Award for Civil War in              the Southwest.

2001-02           President, Texas State Historical Association

1982                Piper Professor

RECENT BOOKS

2017                Tejano Tiger: José de los Santos Benavides and the Texas-Mexico Borderlands, 1923-1891, Texas Christian University Press, Fort Worth.

2015                A Civil War History of the New Mexico Militia and Volunteers, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque

2011                Ed., Tejanos in Gray: The Civil War Letters of Captains Rafael de la Garza and Manuel Yturri, Texas A&M University Press, College Station. 

2008                Ed., New Mexico Territory During the Civil War: Wallen and Evans Inspection Reports, 1862-1863, University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.

Ed. (With Thomas T. Smith and Robert Wooster), Reminiscences of Major General Zenas R. Bliss, 1854-1876, Texas State Historical Association, Austin.

2007                Cortina: Defending the Mexican Name in Texas, Texas A&M University Press.

2006                Civil War to the Bitter End: The Life and Times of Major General Samuel Peter Heintzelman, Texas A&M University Press, College Station.

2004                Civil War and Revolution on the Rio Grande Frontier: A Narrative and Photographic History (with Larry Jones), Texas State Historical Association, Austin. 

FORTHCOMING BOOK

                        Last of the Oklahoma Outlaws

ADDITIONAL

                        Taught approximately 10,500 students; wrote over 100 newspaper articles; over 125 book reviews; presented 32 workshops on Texas and Civil War history; wrote script for four documentaries on Texas history; presented over 60 lectures to civic groups and Civil War Round Tables; reviewed over 60 manuscripts for university presses; and presented over 30 scholarly papers

 








In 1861, Mexico was an independent but highly fragile country unable to pay its creditor nations, with the largest of its debts owed to France. The French, encouraged by the pope, seized upon the situation as an opportunity to expand their colonial empire and to install Maximilian Von Hapsburg as the emperor of Mexico. 

The French first took the Mexican port of Veracruz as collateral, then began a march of conquest. It was a victorious invasion with only one defeat along the way, when on May 5, 1862, soldiers of the elite French Foreign Legion succumbed to Mexican troops in the small town of Puebla. This Mexican victory, though futile, is still celebrated as Cinco de Mayo:

"[To collect its overdue loan from Mexico], France proposed taking over [the Mexican port of] Veracruz and collecting customs receipts until the debt was repaid. This was the standard 19th-century way of dealing with debtor nations -- creditor nations would simply occupy the debtor country's ports and pay themselves out of tax receipts. 

The Mexican government offered to negotiate with its European creditors, but the Europeans expected some kind of security while payment terms were worked out. Reluctantly, Mexican forces were withdrawn from Veracruz. The port was basically turned over as collateral on the outstanding loans and a joint force of the creditor nations landed in December 1861. ...
Young Archduke Maximilian and Archduchess Charlotte

"France had less business in México [than England and Spain], but claimed much larger debts. ... Napoleon III, like his uncle [Napoleon Bonaparte], wanted to expand France, and Europe was out of the question. France had conquered a large part of North Africa and was establishing colonies in Indochina and Africa. Mexico was a tempting target for several reasons. ... Mexican silver mines and farms appeared to be a good investment; the United States, in the middle of its own civil war, was in no position to interfere and the French government listened to the exiles who still believed in a king. ...

"There was Napoleon III's wife, the Empress Eugenia. ... Eugenia -- with her less than royal background -- was a strange woman for a Bonaparte. She was ultra-aristocratic [sic] and Catholic. For her, a monarchy was the only proper form of government and the older the Catholic aristocratic family, the better. She knew there was a member of the oldest, most aristocratic and Catholic family in Europe who needed a job. Who better for Emperor of Mexico than Maximilian Von Hapsburg? ...

"His older brother, Franz Josef, was Emperor of Austria, but no one had found a suitable job for Max. ... Maximilian was viceroy of the Austrian territories in northern Italy, but it wasn't working out. ... [Maximilian's wife] Charlotte, for her part, was a king's daughter. The daughter of the king of Belgium, granddaughter of the queen of France and Queen Victoria of England's first cousin, was not happy being only the sister-in-law of the Emperor of Austria. She believed she should be at least a queen. An empress would be even better.

"There was one more European player: Pope Pius IX. The Pope was fighting his own war against Italian guerrillas, and the once important Papal States were protected only by French soldiers. His entire kingdom would be reduced to a few acres in Rome within a few years. Pius saw monarchy as the Church's best defense against republics [which he viewed as a threat to the Church]. The French revolution had nearly destroyed the Church, and only the first Emperor Napoleon had saved it. France, and another Napoleon, had to come to the Pope's rescue when the short-lived Roman Republic ran Pius out of his own kingdom. The Mexican Republic [was yet another threat to the power of the Church]. A republic was bad enough, but these reformers had attacked the Church and even separated it from the State.

"The Mexican conservatives [whose power had been diminished by the rise of the Mexican Republic] wanted a strong central government that would restore them to power. The Pope and Eugenia wanted to strengthen the Church. Charlotte wanted a crown. Franz Josef wanted his younger brother eased out of Italy and out of a possible future as ruler of Austria. Napoleon III wanted to make money out of his occupation of Mexico. Maximilian wanted an election!

"The French occupation was much more expensive than Napoleon expected. Winfield Scott had invaded with ten thousand men, and the United States Army of the 1840s was considered one of the world's worst by the standards of the time. The French Army in the 1860s was the world's best, and four thousand soldiers should have been more than enough. The army bogged down attempting to capture Puebla, which Archbishop Labastida had assured Napoleon was overwhelmingly conservative and would welcome the French without a fight. On 5 May 1862, Mexican troops, led by Ignacio Zaragoza surprised themselves and beat the best army in the world. [Mexican President Benito] Juarez declared 5 May a national holiday -- Cinco de Mayo, although he knew ... that this was only a temporary victory. The French replaced their commander and sent thirty thousand reinforcements. ...

"With still more troops, the French were finally able to claim control. ... Once more, President Juarez had to ask for emergency power, and once more, Congress had fled the Capital. With the foreigners in control of most of the major cities, the French organized Maximilian's election, and not surprisingly, Maximilian was elected Emperor of Mexico."

Gods, Gachupines and Gringos: A People's History of Mexico

Author: Richard Grabman
Publisher: Editorial Mazatlan
Copyright 2008 by Richard Grabman
Pages: 177-182

Sent by TEJANOS2010, managed by Elsa Mendez Peña and Walter Centeno Herbeck Jr. 
Our purpose is to share information in genealogy, historical, cultural, arts, music, entertainment and other Tejano issues.


Joe Sanchez Picon Supercop and Author of four books, latest just out: Yellow Streak


Autobiography


Super Cop: Badge 3712, NYPD Officer Joe Sanchez’ tragic days
By Doug Poppa, April 27, 2016
http://baltimorepostexaminer.com/super-cop-badge-3712-nypd-officer-joe-sanchez-tragic-days/2016/04/27 


He was called a “supercop” and an “arrest machine” by the New York City media in the 1980s. Some cops called him a rat and a “field associate,” a term used to describe a cop who was working for Internal Affairs.

His story is nothing short of compelling yet tragic at the same time.

A Hollywood scriptwriter could not make up a story such as his and it could very easily be a big screen movie in the fashion of one of Philip D’Antoni’s gritty police dramas.

He committed professional suicide while a member of the NYPD when he exposed criminal activity by high ranking NYPD officers. Breaking the Blue Wall of Silence would have serious consequences that eventually led to the demise of his police career.

Jose Manuel Sanchez Picon was born in Santurce, Puerto Rico in January 1947. His family moved to New York City in the 1950’s to find a better life.  Joe Sanchez grew up in the South Bronx.

Sanchez was drafted into the United States Army in 1965 at the age of 18.  Joe Sanchez went from boy to man quickly.  On January 16, 1967 at the age of 20 while with the 1st Air Cavalry Division he was deployed near the village of Phan Thiet in South Vietnam. While in a firefight with the Viet Cong, Sanchez and three of his comrades were seriously wounded.

The 1st Air Cavalry Division deploying under enemy fire in Vietnam. (Wikipedia)  Joe Sanchez was awarded the Army Commendation Medal and the Purple Heart. 

After recovering from his wounds Sanchez returned to New York City and in 1971 was accepted onto the Port Authority Police of New York and New Jersey.  In 1973 Joe Sanchez became a police officer with the New York City Police Department.

During his tenure with the NYPD Sanchez received 31 commendations, made hundreds of arrests and was known as a police officer who went after violent criminals and drug dealers with a passion.

This may sound like a good thing but when juxtaposed with the fact that in New York City at the time many crooked cops were providing protection for drug dealers, bookies, bodega owners and the like, it may not have been such a good idea for Joe Sanchez.

For an honest cop just doing what he was getting paid to do and what is demanded by the public that all cops do, Sanchez was becoming an annoyance for some of his superiors at the time.

Reading from a New York Daily News article from 1982, Joe Sanchez was one of the Top Ten NYPD cops in 1981 for overtime resulting from arrests made.

Daily News ArticeSanchez earned $11, 553 in overtime while assigned to a radio patrol car in Harlem in 1981, logged 60 arrests, including 10 for drug possession, 10 for burglary, eight for robbery and one for attempted murder of a police officer. The article stated just last week Sanchez and his partner were involved in a shootout with a man who fired at them.

Sanchez was by all means a cops cop. He made off-duty arrests many times.  Criminals feared him.  His bosses told him to knock it off.  Sanchez had a reputation on the street of a cop who was all business.

Sanchez once walked into a shop at 158th Street and Broadway to get some coffee. A local man took one look at Sanchez, put his hands on the counter, and yelled, “OK, don’t shoot!” The man was wanted for robbery and had a gun.  In northern Manhattan Sanchez was known as an “arrest machine.”

So how did a highly decorated police officer become a marked man in the NYPD, double-crossed by the Internal Affairs Division, and later framed and arrested on false charges, then exonerated of all charges and fired?

Joe Sanchez did the unthinkable.

He broke the Blue Wall of Silence, the police omerta, by going after a corrupt lieutenant and a captain. In the eyes of many cops Sanchez betrayed them.  And some in the NYPD were going to get back at him by any means they could.

It all started around March 1983 when Sanchez found out that one of his lieutenants and a captain were receiving payments from a local businessman in exchange for “protection”. Sanchez reported this to the Internal Affairs Division who wired him up with a recording device to obtain the evidence against the lieutenant and captain.

Sanchez obtained enough information to implicate both of them. What Sanchez did not know was that some of those who wired him up were personal friends of the lieutenant who had leaked what was going on. The captain transferred Sanchez to another division and the IAD investigation was over.

Sanchez was pegged as an informer who ratted out other cops.  Not good for any police officer especially someone like Joe Sanchez who was an active go-getter when it came to criminals.

Sanchez because of his many arrests specifically against drug dealers would be an easy mark to set up and retaliate against for doing the right thing, or in the eyes of corrupt cops, the wrong thing.

So the NYPD went back to arrests made by Joe Sanchez and his partner from April 1982, almost a year prior, when Joe Sanchez and his partner arrested six suspects on drug and weapons charges. One of the suspects later stated that Sanchez had stolen $1,500 from him.

An Internal Affairs Field Unit investigated the complaint at the time and found no corroborating evidence. The same suspect later told investigators that Sanchez had slapped him, a charge he did not make the day of the arrest.

In October 1983, almost a year and a half after the arrests and six months after Sanchez was wired up to obtain evidence of corruption against an NYPD lieutenant and captain, Joe Sanchez was framed and indicted on burglary, larceny and assault charges, based on the allegations from the drug dealer.



The witnesses against him were the drug dealers he and his partner had arrested back in 1982.  The dealers were promised that their charges would be dropped if they testified against Sanchez.  And who arrested Sanchez? 
The same Internal Affairs sergeant who wired him up back in March 1982.

Joe Sanchez found out the hard way that payback in the NYPD was a real bitch. Sanchez was then suspended without pay.  In court Sanchez was exonerated of all charges except for an assault charge, which was later dropped.

Nonetheless Sanchez who the press once called a supercop and an arrest machine and who had numerous commendations and made hundreds of arrests found himself out of a job.

Fired after twelve years in the NYPD, Sanchez found himself out in the cold with no means to support his wife and children. The New York Daily News ran an article titled, Injustice system KO’s ‘supercop’. He loses his job over disproved charges. 

Sanchez did whatever job he could to support his family. For three years Sanchez states he found himself cleaning toilets, working private security jobs and later as a postal carrier, all the while trying to get reinstated to the NYPD to no avail.

Benjamin Ward who was police commissioner at the time had the authority to reinstate Sanchez but refused to do so.  Ward may have felt that it was better to leave things the way they were with Sanchez rather than opening up a can of worms by exposing further police corruption.

In 1989 Sanchez was back wearing a badge when he was hired by the New York State Department of Corrections. Obviously the State didn’t think much of the NYPD’s frame-up of Sanchez.

Sanchez served as a corrections officer at the famed Sing Sing Correctional Facility, a maximum security prison. For Sanchez he found himself for all accounts in prison with some of the same criminals he had put in prison. While there Sanchez was assaulted. He later transferred to Coxsakie State Prison where one day he was almost killed while trying to help an inmate who was being stabbed by another inmate.

Sanchez decided he had had enough and ended his career as a corrections officer.  How much more could society have asked from Sanchez?

And what happened to the lieutenant and captain that Sanchez obtained evidence against in 1983? They got what Sanchez never did. The lieutenant retired. The captain retired at the rank of deputy chief.

So much for exposing corruption in the NYPD. Another great message sent to all police officers. Keep your mouth shut or else! Sanchez now lives in Florida.  In 2007 his autobiography was published, “True Blue, a tale of the enemy within.”

Sanchez said that behind every good man is a good woman. “I’ve been married only one time and it’s been to the same woman for 48 years. When things were going bad for me,  my wife kept me strong as did my children.”

Sanchez quotes Proverbs 31:12, “She brings him good not harm, all the days of her life.”  Perhaps no man could ask for more.

First two books on the Police Writers Website, http://www.police-writers.com/joe_sanchez.html
All four books available through Amazon.
http://baltimorepostexaminer.com/super-cop-badge-3712-nypd-officer-joe-sanchez-tragic-days/2016/04/27 


latinopia.com

Latinopia.com/Bravo Road, May 07, 2017

ROBERT JAMES WALLER AND CHICANO LITERATURE
By Felipe de Ortego y Gasca  
Philip.Ortego@WNMU.EDU
 
  
Philip.Ortego@WNMU.EDU
 

Scholar in Residence/Former Chair, Department of Chicana/Chicano and Hemispheric Studies, 2008-2011, 
Western New Mexico University

It may seem incongruous to link Robert James Waller and Chicano literature: he of the best-selling novel The Bridges of Madison County; and Chicano literature still so unread and so unknown—except to the initiated and the curious.

Robert James Waller died on Friday, March 10, 2017, at his home in Fredericksburg, Texas, due to complications of pneumonia and multiple myeloma, a cancer of the plasma cells. QEPD—Que En Paz Descanse—May He Rest in Peace. 

Robert James Waller            I had read The Bridges of Madison County before I met Robert Waller, and I was struck by the creativity of the work and by the reactions it engendered among the literati. Meryl Streep is reported to have said she hated the novel and would not appear in the film unless the script proved better than the novel. I liked the novel and Clint Eastwood provided the kind of direction that kept the tone of the novel in the film while spinning out the yarn of Robert Kincaid (National Geographic photo-journalist) and Francesca Johnson (World War II Italian war bride) living in the Midwest of America.

But the novel is a masterstroke of plot, reminiscent of the early English novels. That’s probably why I liked it. My penchant for the early English novel developed during my graduate studies in English. Both in the novel and the film the story unfolds by discovery While the novel held my attention, it was the association I made between the novel and its detractors and Chicano literature and its detractors that has given me pause.

While Mexican Americans had written fiction (short stories and novels) between 1848 and 1960 the first novel of the Chicano era (1959) to be considered as a Chicano novel was Pocho by Jose Antonio Villarreal, published in 1959. The novel received scant notice and went almost immediately into remainders. What lifted the veil of obscurity from Pocho was its relevance to the Chicano experience—as it was being articulated in the post-World War II years just before the punctuated activities of the 1960’s—and that I had identified it as the first of the Chicano novels in my essay on “The Chicano Renaissance” (Social Casework, May 1971) and in my study of Backgrounds of Mexican American Literature (University of New Mexico 1971). Chicano writers were a novelty to mainstream literary circles which is why I essayed the two works cited. Even so, few mainstream readers, if any, were familiar with Chicano writers. In fact, there was a certain disdain in the inquisitive tones of mainstream folk as they inquired about Chicano writers and Chicano literature.

Chicano writers were not taken seriously in 1966. They couldn’t be any good if they hadn’t made it to the American literary canon. But the mainstream literati was as unbalanced vis-à-vis Chicanos as it was unbalanced vis-à-vis writers emerging out of the Civil Rights movement. Chicano literature was a suspect term as if smuggled into literary parlance by critics with questionable credentials. In like fashion, those who spoke well of The Bridges of Madison County were immediately suspected of literary malpractice. What would Harold Bloom, the elitist literary critic, say about the novel? This is why The Bridges of Madison County is most like Chicano literature. Elitist literary critics like Bloom were not saying nice things about Chicano writers. Abetted by vendidos (renegades) like Richard Rodriguez, they felt smug in their assessments and assertions about Chicano literature and the culture that spawned it, the same way they felt smug about their assessments and assertions about The Bridges of Madison County and the pulp culture that spawned it. 


I'm glad I liked the novel, for when I met Robert Waller in 1994 I was teaching at Sul Ross State University. I immediately liked him. He was personable, witty, charming in an old-world way, and a probing conversation-alist. My first impression of Waller was at a Cotillion in Alpine, Texas, where I was on the faculty at Sul Ross State University and where Waller had purchased a 1,000 acre ranch with the profits of his novel and had settled into the community, remaining as incognito as the ubiquitous cactus of West Texas. Despite the low profile he sought to maintain, Waller was the principal celebrity in the area. Though he eschewed celebrity status he was never-theless gracious in autographing books when asked. There was always a ready smile on his face. I found him genuine, though some thought he was full of himself.

In 1996 he gave a lecture at the university and a guitar concert, having rehearsed prodi-giously for a cruise engagement he had agreed to. He was adept at the guitar, and had a number of guitars on stands in a music and recording studio he had fashioned for himself in “the ranch house” that was his dwelling on the ranch. The first time my wife and I went out to his ranch on university business, he showed us around the place and when I mentioned my interest in the jazz guitar after seeing his guitars he beamed. We swapped a few licks on that trip and Gilda, my wife, came away buoyed by the fact that he had donated to the university library a significant collection of international first-edition copies of The Bridges of Madison County. Gilda was professor and Dean of Library and Information Technologies at Sul Ross State University in Alpine.

Waller seemed comfortable in his ranch surroundings, dressed in jeans, western shirt, and

boots. He wore his graying hair long, almost shoulder length. He spoke about his academic life in Iowa where he had been Dean of the business school at Iowa State University before hitting it big with The Bridges of Madison County.

With genuine interest he asked me about my work, my background, how I came by my interest in the jazz guitar. We bonded around our love of the guitar. The day waned, we had a simple but filling dinner which he and his companion had cooked. There was beer and more conversation as night fell, then we went outside to look at the stars which always seem bigger and brighter in the Texas night sky, especially in Alpine, just north of the big Bend National Park, one of the last pristine areas in the state, originally ordered preserved by Theodore Roosevelt.

T

here were many encounters with Robert Waller over the next several years. He was busy writing—two novels I did not find as compelling as The Bridges of Madison County. There oft chances that writers have only one book in them. Perhaps that was the case with Robert Waller, I thought, until he wrote A Thousand Country Roads, a sequel to The Bridges of Madison County in which we read about Robert Kincaid’s life after his “affair” with Francesca. Perhaps this is one novel in two parts, but this does not lessen the power of Waller’s prose nor the creativity of such a splendid first novel.

American canonists expect to read Faulkner or Steinbeck or Hemingway in the works of American writers, thus severely limiting inclusion of non-Faulkner /Steinbeck / Hemingway writers into the American literary canon. This excludes, of course, minority American writers a priori. For sure, Mexican American / Chicano writers whose works were/are often written in Spanish or a binary blend of Spanish and English with the onset of the Chicano Renaissance which encouraged such work but was not well-regarded by American readers.

Now, Robert Waller’s work is not a binary blend of Spanish and English nor is it steeped in Chicano ideology, but it does exhibit a binary strand in its architecture and thematics. Architecturally, The Bridges of Madison Country blends the plot of Robert Kincaid and Francesca into the story line of Francesca’s children who are “rummaging” through their mother’s things after her death. The plot reveals the struggle Francesca’s children have on learning about their mother’s infidelity. They are tied ideologically to the concept of fidelity which is shattered by the discovery they make in reading their mother’s words to them. Both refuse to believe the revelation at first but ultimately come to accept its veracity and to see their mother not in the light of a fallen angel but in the light of human propensities that flesh is heir to.

Despite the success of the movie, Waller’s literary work, like Chicano literature, was critically panned. Other than elitism, I’m not sure why critics and canonists object to The Bridges of Madison County. It may be, after all, because Waller did not come out of the standard literary pipeline. Waller is indeed a literary maverick. While not disdainful of the criticism heaped on The Bridges of Madison County, he has kept that criticism in perspective. Keeping in mind that his novel may not be in contention for the Nobel Prize, he is not crestfallen reviewing his royalties not only from American sales but from distribution of his work in dozens of foreign languages. Like Madame Bovary, The Bridges of Madison County is a story about the human heart and its quest for fulfillment as it encounters the foibles of life.

The last time Gilda and I visited Robert Waller at his ranch was when he invited us to a barbeque soiree and an evening of guitar music. He was the consummate host, making sure we had all eaten well. With an accompanist, he treated us to a preview program he had worked up for his cruise gig. He was technically superb, but as I mentioned to Gilda: I found no fault in his performance save that it lacked the kind of “heart” guitarists develop for the instrument and for the “sounds” it can produce in the hands of a “felt” artist—that indescribable sense that elevates the music from the performative  to the artistic. I’m reminded that I left the field of the jazz guitar when I realized that however gifted I was as a jazz guitarist I was never going to be an artist at the instrument. I was good enough to be a studio musician and to back up stellar singers, but I was not going to be a Julian Breem, the Lutist. This is not to diminish Robert Waller’s virtuosity on the guitar, just to point out that Waller was a better story teller than a musician. Waller continued to write and to play the guitar as I do.

Copyright © 2017 by the author. All rights reserved.

 

Spanish SURNAMES

Domecq Family



The Domecq family comes from the former French region of the Bearn, near the Spanish borders with Navarre and Aragon, nowadays included in the department of the Low Pyrenees.
================================== ==================================
Mr. Pedro Domecq Lembeye is the first Domecq that comes to Spain in 1816. 

In 1822, he establishes the company "PEDRO DOMECQ". 

During his management, the company becomes the top Spanish business in the Sherry trade. In 1860 he would acquire the first stud farm of pure bred Spanish horses for the family, from the famous bloodstock of the “Cartujo” Spanish horses.

Pedro Domecq had five daughters, all married in France, who didn’t follow their father’s interest in the wine trade. So it would be his brother Juan Pedro Domecq Lembeye, who would be made a partner and would continue the business.

After a visit from King Fernando VII in 1823, Mr. Domecq would be appointed as supplier to the Royal House and later named “Gentilhombre de Cámara”, which allowed him to add the Royal Weapons to the family Coat of Arms. 

It was the first visit of a king to a winery, and to prepare for it a beautiful garden was created in front of the winery premises in Jerez

It was Mr. Domecq Lembeye who would acquire the beautiful Domecq Palace in the the Alameda of the Marquis of Domecq in Jerez.

Juan Pedro remains single, so he adopts in 1866, Mr. Juan Pedro de Aladro (said to be his illegitimate son), who would die in 1914 without children.

Mr. Juan Pedro Domecq Lembeye died in 1869. Two years before he entered into a partnership with his nephew Pedro Domecq Loustau, who had previously been working with him in the business.

It was Mr. Pedro Domecq Loustau that greatly contributed to the fame of the Domecq wineries, creating what would become Spanish cognac or “brandy”: it all came about after the cancellation of an order of 500 barrels of wine eau de vie, of exceptional quality. The order had been prepared with the most sophisticated techniques and the best quality grapes and barrels, that after two years of work had become a top quality product. But the order was cancelled due to financial troubles of the client. Mr. Domecq decided to keep the wine in his cellars until he found another use for it. There it would remain for 5 long years. 

It is after such a long time that Mr. Domecq decides to taste the content of these barrels and discovers that it has become the most exquisite cognac, a golden liquid with an incredible aroma. This would become the Domecq brandy: "FUNDADOR", that goes into the market in 1874, becoming the first brandy to be produced and distributed in Spain.


PEDRO DOMECQ LOUSTAU,
 the inventor of the first Spanish Brandy 1824-1894

It was Mr. Domecq Lembeye who would acquire the beautiful Domecq Palace in the the Alameda of the Marquis of Domecq in Jerez.

Juan Pedro remains single, so he adopts in 1866, Mr. Juan Pedro de Aladro (said to be his illegitimate son), who would die in 1914 without children.

Mr. Juan Pedro Domecq Lembeye died in 1869. Two years before he entered into a partnership with his nephew Pedro Domecq Loustau, who had previously been working with him in the business.

It was Mr. Pedro Domecq Loustau that greatly contributed to the fame of the Domecq wineries, creating what would become Spanish cognac or “brandy”: it all came about after the cancellation of an order of 500 barrels of wine eau de vie, of exceptional quality. The order had been prepared with the most sophisticated techniques and the best quality grapes and barrels, that after two years of work had become a top quality product. But the order was cancelled due to financial troubles of the client. 
Mr. Domecq decided to keep the wine in his cellars until he found another use for it. There it would remain for 5 long years. It is after such a long time that Mr. Domecq decides to taste the content of these barrels and discovers that it has become the most exquisite cognac, a golden liquid with an incredible aroma. This would become the Domecq brandy: "FUNDADOR", that goes into the market in 1874, becoming the first brandy to be produced and distributed in Spain.

The Palacio Domecq, a stunning example of eighteenth century Baroque architecture in Jerez, since 1885 heart and home of the Domecq family.  

FAMILY HISTORY RESEARCH

How about dated photos, as a part of your family history?  
Searching Ancestors using Civil Registration Records
Obituarieshelp.org  
New Historic Records on FamilySearch: Week of 22 May 2017


How about dated photos, as a part of your family history?  

================================== ==================================
I received a photo collection that follow the  history of four sisters from 1976 (year by year) to 2014. The pictures were taken by  the husband of one of the sisters, who made it a yearly tradition to take a photo of the four sisters.

The project became a very intimate look at sisterhood and how time affects our lives and relationships.
Although time may change our appearance and our bodies, it never changed the love these sisters shared amongst themselves. The sisters ranged from 16 to 26 years old at the time this began.

While some were entering adulthood, others were already in the midst of it. Here are 39 years. 

The Brown Sisters . . . .


1978

================================== ==================================


2014


Sent by Val Valdez Gibbons  





 
"Searching Ancestors using Civil Registration Records"

Dear Family History Friends,

Our next class will be on Saturday, June 3rd, 2017 and will be taught by Arturo Cuellar. This class will be taught in Spanish. We will start at 1 PM Utah time (MDT). The class is called "Searching Ancestors using Civil Registration Records" and will be broadcast from the Family History Library in Salt Lake City.

To connect to the class, use this link https://ldschurch1.adobeconnect.com/_a784618764/fhl-esp and upon entering, enter your name and the name of your state or country from where you are watching us. If there are others watching the class together with you, please also indicate the number of people watching the class with you. 

You can find the time for the class for your area in the list below. It is important to remember that you should try to enter the virtual classroom at least 15 minutes before the class begins because once there are 500 connections no other connections will be allowed.

See the list below for the class time for many locations around the world.
12:00 California y otros en la zona del U.S. Pacific Time Zone
14:00 Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua U.S. Mountain Time Zone
14:00 La ciudad de México, U.S. Central Time Zone
15:00 Bogotá, Lima, Guayaquil
16:00 Caracas, Puerto Rico U.S. Eastern Time Zone
16:00 Bolivia, Republica Dominicana.
17:00 Argentina (Buenos Aires), Chile, Montevideo
21:00 Madrid

To view the recordings of previous classes, I invite you to visit the Learning Center in FamilySearch. https://familysearch.org/learningcenter/home.html or the FamilySearch Wiki article Past Webinars from the Family History Library. In these links, you can also download the handouts for this class and many others. 

I invite you to share this information with anyone in your area you so that they can take advantage of these opportunities. If you wish to share the invitation for this class on Facebook, I invite you to use this link. 

https://www.facebook.com/events/136706106876844 

Sincerely, Arturo Cuellar Gonzalez. AG®
Family History Library 
Latin America Research Specialist
Salt Lake City, Utah
Office: 801-240-6490





Obituarieshelp.org  
An informative and respected website designed to offer resources for obituaries, funerals, and genealogy search, shared by site volunteer, Suzie Kolber  suzie_kolber@obituarieshelp.org 


Family tree templates have previously only been available to members of a few select websites. Even then you may still have to pay for each download of any individual family tree chart. That has all changed, and we are now pleased to offer you the opportunity to download free printable blank family trees. 

Our high quality charts can be downloaded to your home computer and either printed off in the convenience of your home, or taken to a professional establishment that will produce them on durable oversized paper or canvas. Get started on your family history now, and download one of our free printable blank family tree templates. Look for more information about how to start your family tree template below- 

See more at: http://obituarieshelp.org/free_printable_blank_family_tree.html#sthash.2Ardd7CD.dpuf 

Family Tree Templates - Download 127 Free Family 
Tree Charts From 21 Pages




New Historic Records on FamilySearch: Week of 22 May 2017

 

================================== ==================================
SALT LAKE CITY, UT, (May 25, 2017), The largest historic record collection updates this week are for Peru (over 1 million newly indexed civil registrations) New York Passenger Lists. Search these new free records and more from Chile, Denmark, Germany, Spain, Switzerland, Utah, and New Hampshire at FamilySearch by clicking on the links in the interactive table below. Find and share this news release online in the FamilySearch Newsroom. Searchable historic records are made available on FamilySearch.org through the help of thousands of volunteers from around the world. These volunteers transcribe (index) information from digital copies of handwritten records to make them easily searchable online. More volunteers are needed (particularly those who can read foreign languages) to keep pace with the large number of digital images being published online at FamilySearch.org. 
Learn more about volunteering to help provide free access to the world's historic genealogical records online at FamilySearch.org/indexing.

Collection

Indexed Records

Digital Images

Comments

Chile, Cemetery Records, 1821-2015

25,452

0

Added indexed records to an existing collection

Peru, Lima, Civil Registration, 1874-1996

1,024,061

0

Added indexed records to an existing collection

Peru, Amazonas, Civil Registration, 1939-1998

1,147

0

Added indexed records to an existing collection

Spain, Province of Asturias, Municipal Records, 1470-1897

24,204

0

Added indexed records to an existing collection

About FamilySearch: FamilySearch is the largest genealogy organization in the world. FamilySearch is a nonprofit, volunteer-driven organization sponsored by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Millions of people use FamilySearch records, resources, and services to learn more about their family history. To help in this great pursuit, FamilySearch and its predecessors have been actively gathering, preserving, and sharing genealogical records worldwide for over 100 years. Patrons may access FamilySearch services and resources for free at FamilySearch.org or through more than 5,000 family history centers in 129 countries, including the main Family History Library in Salt Lake City, Utah.


 

ORANGE COUNTY, CA

June 10th SHHAR Hon. Judge Fredrick Aguirre: Latino Advocates for Education 
June 6th,  Assn of Latino Professionals, America's initiative focuses on professional Latinas 
Fountain Valley Historical Society dedicated the Courreges Tank House 
Voces de Liberación: Latinas & Politics in Southern California, runs through June 21
Graduation Rates Continue to Rise in Santa Ana Unified School District
San Juan Capistrano, Los Rios Street, oldest residential Street in California
Huntington Beach April Colonial Festival 

Heritage Museum of Orange County Progress Report 
SHHAR Reference Books made available at El Modena Library
M

http://www.shhar.net/shhar-header.gif

Come join us at the  June 10, 2017 monthly meeting of the Society Of Hispanic Historical & Ancestral Research (SHHAR) featuring  Superior Court Judge Frederick Aguirre as our speaker.  His topic will be as follows:  

For nearly 20 years, the group known as Latino Advocates for Education has been conducting research on Mexican-American veterans from Southern California, compiling more than 2,000 profiles on those who served in combat from World War II through our present-day wars.  As President of Latino Advocates for Education , Judge Frederick Aguirre has teamed up with the Orange County Department of Education’s Media Services team to film interviews with local surviving Latino combat veterans.  Judge Aguirre will be sharing his research findings and  many years of experiences in working with Latino veterans.   

The free presentation will take place at the Orange Family History Center, 674 S. Yorba St., Orange. Volunteers will provide research assistance from 9 -10 a.m., and Judge Aguirre will speak from 10:15 -11:30 a.m.  For information, contact Letty Rodella at lettyr@sbcglobal.net.  


Letty in the center of the photo, with May speaker John Schmal and family researcher Alice Scott.

Family research attracts involvement by all ages and has become one of the most popular of hobbies.  An early group below waits for the presentation to begin.  Speakers are scheduled for 10:15. am  Following the presentation there is always time for questions.





O
C Women of ALPFA

This year marks the 15th Anniversary 
of Latina leadership development 
in Paving the Way for Latinas in the US: 
The Roadmap to Power

 


Tuesday, June 6th, 5:30 to 9:30 PM

Prudential, 3333 Michelson Drive, Irvine, California 92612 

Women Of ALPFA is the Association of Latino Professionals For America's initiative that focuses on Latina professional development. 

On June 6, 2017, ALPFA Orange County presents the OC Women Of ALPFA event. This year marks the 15th Anniversary of Latina leadership development in Paving the Way for Latinas in the US: The Roadmap to Power. Join Latina business owners, small business resource partners and Latina executives at this exciting gathering. 

ALPFA Orange County Organizer of OC Women Of ALPFA

ALPFA is the Association of Latino Professionals For America, whose mission is to empower and develop Latino men and women as leaders of character in every sector of the economy. We strive to strengthen America by connecting over 1,000,000 purpose-driven Latino leaders by 2020... for exponential impact.

The ALPFA Orange County chapter engages with its members and friends in professional development activities, networking, and giving back to the community. For more information, visit www.alpfa.org or email us at info@orangecounty.alpfa.org 


Sent by Ruben Alvarez 
stayconnected2004@yahoo.com
 



================================== ==================================


The Courreges Ranch tank house
– Greg Mellen 

The Courreges Ranch tank house, the oldest surviving structure in Fountain Valley, was disassembled and moved to the city’s Heritage Park. On Saturday, May 6, the building was dedicated at a luncheon with a ribbon cutting. 

Fountain Valley’s oldest existing structure, the 118-year-old redwood Courreges Ranch Tank House, was dedicated with a ribbon cutting at a fundraising luncheon on May 6th. 

Fountain Valley Historical Society dedicated 
the Courreges Tank House 
by Curt Seeden, contributing columnist
Fountain Valley View, May 11th.

More than a year of fundraising and some engineering efforts culminated when the Fountain Valley Historical Society stated a ribbon-cutting and dedication ceremony for the Correges tank house at Heritage Park.  Heritage Park, 10200 Slater Ave.  Fountain Valley, CA

The building was saved according to the wishes of the late Hazel Courreges, president of the first Board of Directors for the Fountain Valley Historical Society, and placed in the city’s Heritage Park. The cost of moving and reconstructing the 30-foot building was about $75,000 and added money will be needed to refurbish it for display. Funds from the event will benefit the Fountain Valley Historical Society which oversees the park.





Women Speaking Out . . .  Now others can hear those voices.


“Voces de Liberación: Latinas and Politics in Southern California” runs through June 21 
in the Salz-Pollak Atrium Gallery at Pollak Library, Cal State Fullerton University. 
Can hear women’s oral histories on iPods or their own mobile devices using the SoundCloud app.

Latina activists’ stories can be heard in their own words at Cal State Fullerton
By Wendy Fawthrop   Photo by Wendy Fawthrop, 
Orange County Register associate 
wfawthrop@scng.com
  | 
Orange County Register  | May 9, 2017


The oral histories of nine local Latina community activists are featured in an exhibit at Cal State Fullerton, allowing listeners to share in the experiences of women who fought for such things as labor unions, health access, immigrant rights and law enforcement accountability.

"Nevertheless" by muralist Kristy Sandoval carries emblems representing the work and advocacy of the nine Latina activists in the exhibit. 

One of those voices belongs to Theresa Smith of Placentia, who founded the Law Enforcement Accountability Network after her son, Caesar Cruz, was fatally shot by Anaheim police officers while sitting in his SUV in a Wal-Mart parking lot in 2009. Smith began peacefully protesting outside police headquarters two days later; her activism helped lead to the proposal and passage of the Racial and Identity Profiling Act of 2015.

“The work of a community activist is not easy. It’s not easy at all,” Smith says in her oral history. “An activist doesn’t get paid for this. … I do this, like I said, for my son. I do it for his sons, for my grandsons, for the future of all of our sons and daughters and because, in activism, there is no gender, race, religion. We’re all one human race.”

That many of the women are “everyday people” appealed to history master’s student Jael Müller, who curated the exhibit from CSUF’s Lawrence de Graaf Center for Oral and Public History’s Women, Politics and Activism Project, led by Natalie Fousekis, professor of history and center director.

“These stories are out there for the public, not just stored in an archive,” Muller said at a preview of the exhibit last month at which eight of the nine women appeared.  Speaking out, and inspiring others to do the same, was what brought many of the women to the place they are today.

Labor union leader Ada Briceño, founder of Orange County Communities Organized for Responsible Development, was 18 when she started as a front-desk clerk at an Anaheim hotel, then worked her way up to be the first Latina president of the local hotel workers union at 26. In 2014, the union pushed through an ordinance in Los Angeles requiring at least a $15.37 hourly wage at the city’s large hotels and won union recognition for more than 900 food service workers at Angel Stadium.

One turning point Briceño, born in Nicaragua, talks about in her oral history is going to the USC hunger strike in the late 1990s, when service workers fasted to win a guarantee their jobs would not be contracted out.

“I thought to myself: Wait a minute, Why are workers in Orange County making so much less money? Why are they mistreated?” Briceño says in her clip. “I got the idea that we needed a movement of workers. That it wasn’t the five or six union leaders that were going to be the heroes for a whole working class in Orange County but that we really had to build leaders from the ground up in order to effect change in the county, to bring more justice to the workers.

“When we teach them how to stand up on the job, to their boss who’s being unfair to them, we also at the same time teach them how to stand up to a spouse at home, to stand up to their landlord if they’re being unjust, to stand up to their teacher in the right conditions if they’re being discriminated upon. … Once you teach somebody how to fight in one area they’ll fight in all.”

America Bracho said she was always an activist.  “I don’t have a memory of a day when I wasn’t,” said Bracho, a physician, as she attended the preview. At 5, she sold raffle tickets to pay for polio vaccinations. She was inspired by her mother, who was a professor in Venezuela and would pick up students and drive them to their classes.

America Bracho is founder and executive director of Latino Health Access, a center for health promotion and disease prevention in Santa Ana, and has consulted for government and private agencies around the country on such issues as Latino health, health education, minority women, cultural competency, community organizing, diabetes education and HIV.

She is a believer in taking advantage of people’s multiple talents and finding a mechanism for people to connect.  “What do you like? Dance? Then dance with kids in the neighborhood,” she said. “You have to start by being part of the solution.”

She said she is a fan of women – as the ones who reach out to neighbors, create ties, tell stories, transfer culture and preserve communities. Women who pitch in to help rediscover their power, she said.  “I collect women,” she said.

As she says in her oral history: “I’m so much committed to women’s rights that I think it has to be included in everything you do, that you don’t need programs for that. That if you work on diabetes, you need to fight for women’s rights. If you work on HIV, you need to fight for women’s rights. If you work in housing, you need to fight for women’s rights. That women’s rights, in everything, is like oxygen.”

Other women featured in the exhibit are:

 
Rose Espinoza of Rosie’s Garage; 

Antonia Hernández,
executive director of the California Community Foundation; 

Nury Martinez,
a Los Angeles city councilwoman; 

Helen Torres
, director, Hispanas Organized, Political Equality; Santa Ana Mayor Pro Tem

Michele Martinez
, a CSUF graduate; and 

Angelica Salas
, executive director, Coalition for Humane Immigrant Rights of Los Angeles.


Students read excerpts from the oral histories of nine Latina activists at Cal State Fullerton on Wednesday, April 26. (Courtesy of Cal State Fullerton).  Students read excerpts from the oral histories of nine Latina activists at Cal State Fullerton on April 26. (Courtesy of Cal State Fullerton)

Reporting on the interesting research and stimulating events at Cal State Fullerton is right up Wendy’s journalistic alley. A San Francisco native, Wendy earned a bachelor’s degree in biology from Stanford and a master’s in journalism from UC Berkeley. After working in the news offices at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and UC San Francisco Medical Center, she became a business/technology reporter for the Puget Sound Business Journal and served as business editor at the Daily Breeze before moving to copy editing and working for the Seattle Times. She joined the Register in 2003, where she was a team leader on the copy desk until early 2017. She teaches copy editing at Chapman University part time, has two grown children and lives in downtown Anaheim, where she can walk to yoga and good coffee.
Follow Wendy Fawthrop @wendyfawthrop  

http://www.ocregister.com/2017/05/09/latina-activists-stories-can-be-heard-in-their-own-words-at-cal-state-fullerton/ 





GRADUATION RATES CONTINUE TO RISE IN SANTA ANA UNIFIED  
 
SAUSD continues to increase its graduation rates each year with the latest jump from 88.9% to 91.6%. Over the last 7 years, the District has had an 11.5 point increase in the number of students graduating with their high school diploma and plans to attend college or go directly into the workforce or military. "Santa Ana Unified has dedicated staff and strong parent support of the goals identified by the Board of Education and our Superintendent," said Dr. David Haglund, Deputy Superintendent of Educational Services. 

"By intentionally responding to the socioemotional needs of students, as well as providing effective academic interventions and engaging curricular and extracurricular programs at all schools, students are persisting towards and through graduation with their eyes on college. We could not be more proud of our kids."

 

HIGH SCHOOLS HOLD COLLEGE SIGNING DAY EVENTS TO HONOR SENIORS WITH POST-GRADUATION PLANS
 
Santa Ana Unified School District high schools recently held College Signing Day events to celebrateseniors who have post-high school college, career and military plans. At Century High School, for example, more than 350 students walked down a red carpet and were treated to a barbecue lunch in recognition of their trajectories. At Segerstrom High School, 538seniors with higher education and military plans also had the opportunity to walk the red carpet and pose for photos.

U.S. News & World Report has announced the 2017 Best High Schools in the country, and four Santa Ana Unified schools made the list. The rankings identify the top-performing public high schoolsat the national and state level and include published data on more than 22,000 schools.  Schools were awarded gold, silver or bronze medals based on their performance on state assessments and how well they prepare students for college. Segerstrom High School, Godinez Fundamental High School and Saddleback High School all received a silver medal, and placed in the state and national rankings. Middle College High School received a bronze medal, and placed in the national rankings.

 




Fiesta Days | San Juan Capistrano Historical Society, 2017

Los Rios Street is the 
Oldest residential street in California.

On Sunday, April 30 the San Juan Capistrano Historical Society held its 5th annual Fiesta Days. The event featured crafts, arts, exhibits and food tasting. Activities included of many favorites including tortilla making, piñatas, shell bracelets, whaling memorabilia, 1890 chore table, and nineteenth century games.

Ballet Folklorico was performed in colorful costumes and to early California music. This community outreach program was free to the public. 
The Montanez Adobe was opened and docents were available to answer questions. Docents spoke about the history of the Rios Adobe where the event was held by the Historical Society,  31831 Los Rios Street.

Sent by Frances Rios, a proud descendent of the Rios family, a talented musician who specializes on Early California music and played 19th century music in the Leak House.  francesrios499@hotmail.com 

 

 




Huntington Beach April Colonial Festival 
Photo by Robert Smith pleiku196970@yahoo.com 



May Annual News & Update!
Spring is always a special time at Heritage Museum of Orange County; the daily arrival of buses with eager and excited students, the smell of orange blossoms, the clanking of hammers on anvils at the blacksmith shop, the sight of blooming roses and the fresh smell of jasmine, the chirping of the birds providing music to everyone’s ears, and the arrival of Fred and Ethel, our migratory ducks, as they return to their springtime home at Heritage Museum. Yes, springtime is truly a special time at the museum and I hope that you have time to visit our historical oasis.
As we begin to wrap up our fiscal year, I wish to provide you with an update of all the work behind the scenes that has taken place at the museum. Preserving our historic buildings is dear to our mission. In December 2016, the museum began the task of repainting some of our buildings. The Kellogg House, Carriage Barn, public restroom, and Quilters’ Cottage all received a new coat of paint. Additionally, our rose garden arbors, the covered pavilion, and the gazebo were painted and an ADA rail was installed along the ramp to the Kellogg House. As a hands-on educational institution the museum prides itself on the quality of our educational programs. We added an educational panel to our kiosk at the adobe structure. The panel teaches about social life on the ranchos and some of the famous rancheros of Orange County. The kiosk provides another educational opportunity for visitors to learn more about Orange County history. The museum also added new kiosks to the Gospel Swamp Natural Area and Gold Mine area for future educational displays. We have begun preparations for additional major renovations to the Maag Farmhouse. While the work seems to be progressing slowly, it is an extensive project and we are taking our time to ensure that all goes smoothly. The Farmhouse will be a site for future museum exhibitions and archives along with a research area. Lastly, we’ve received a $20,000 grant to renovate the public restrooms. Soon our public restrooms will have new flooring, partitions, lighting, and countertops.  
The Heritage Museum family is truly grateful for all of our donor and member support. We thank you for all that you do to to keep Orange County history, heritage and culture alive at the museum. I look forward to speaking and working with you in the near future. Please do not hesitate to reach out to me if you have any questions.

Kevin Cabrera
Executive Director


http://heritagemuseumoc.org/
3101 West Harvard Street
Santa Ana, CA 92704



Society of Hispanic Historical and Ancestral Research sharing Reference Books
 with the Orange County Community 



SOCIETY OF HISPANIC HISTORICAL AND ANCESTRIAL REARCH (SHHAR)  

REFERENCE BOOK INVENTORY, May 2, 2017  
Available in Orange County for onsite research, in the El Modena Branch Library

Year                 Title                                                                                        Author                                  
Not shown: An Annotated Bibliography of Chicano Folklore/S.W. US      Michael  Heisley                 

1983:A History of Texas & The Texans, Lone Star                         T. R. Fehrenbach                      

2000: A History of Latinos in American Harvest of Empire               Juan Gonzalez                             

2001: Antes que el Rio Bravo se me suba a las espaldas                  Ana Baehr Evans                        

2013: Bisbee, Arizona, Postcard History Series                               Anne Graeme Larkin                    

1991: Chicanas/Chicanos at the Crossroads                                    Maciel & Ortiz                            

1991: Coplas:  Folk Poetry of Mexican and Chicano Teenagers       Alma Rosa Alvarez                      

1924: Cultura Cruolla y Atlantica                                                     Gaspar Orozco                          

1924: Diccionario Heraldero Y Nobiliario                                        Fernando Gonzalez Doria            

1990: Don Juan de Onate’s Colony in the Wilderness                      Robert McGeagh, Ph.D.               

1972: Famous Mexican-Americans                                                 Clarke Newlon                              

2015: From Across the Spanish Empire:  Spanish Soldiers Who Helped Win The America Revolution
                                                                                           
Leroy Martinez, J.D.                   

1972: Fundamentals of Genealogical Research                 Lauren R. Jaussi and Gloria D. Chaston       

1994: Hispanic Surnames                                                                SHHAR                                  

2006: Hispanic Heritage at the Smithsonian                                  Smithsonian Latino Center        

2001: Images of Mexican Americans in Los Angeles                       Alex Moreno Areyan                   

Not shown: Latin American Reference & Genealogy                       Howard Karno Books         

1998: Legends of Nuevo Leon                                                      Lilia Villanueva de Cavazos           

2011: Mexican American Baseball in Los Angeles                          Balderrama & Santillan              

2013:Mexican American Baseball in Orange County          Santillan, luevano, Fernandez, Veyna       

2012: Mexican American Baseball in the Inland Empire       Santillan, Ocegueda 7 Cannon                

2014: Mexicans in the Making of America                                       Neil Foley                                 

1996: Mexicans At Arms (2 books)                                                Pedro Santoni                           

1962: Official Guide Book to Diego Rivera                                     R. S. Silva                                  

1989: Plotting Women Gender and Representation in Mexico          Jean Franco                             

1993: Rising Voices, Profiles in Leadership                                     Al Martinez                                 

2013: Shattered Paradise, Memoirs of a Nicaraguan War Child        Ilene Aragut                             

Oct 1994: Southwestern Historical Quarterly                 Texas State Historical Association            

Non shown:  Spanish Surnames         Instituto Genologica e Historico Latinoamericano              

1994: Standing Tall, the Story of 10 Hispanic Americans                Argentina Palacios                      

1996: The California Locator, A Directory of Public Records         Laurie Nicklos                         

1971: The Chicanos Mexican American voices                              Luddwig & Santibanez               

2012: The Distance Between Us                                                    Reyna Grande                           

2014: The Exodus, A Brief History of the Jewish People, 145 BC to the Present   John D. Inclan       

1986: The Last Prince of the Mexican Empire                               C. M. Mayo                                  

1992: Triumph and Tragedy                                                        Ramon Eduardo Ruiz     

1992: Yucatan Peninsula Handbook, Gateway to la Ruta Maya      Chicki Mallan                             

 


LOS ANGELES, CA

June 4th: El Rocio USA 2017
June 9th: Long Beach Opera and MoLAA present: 
      Frida Pain and Passion with Gregorio Luke
June 10th:
Book signing: Dust Unto Shadow, by Linda La Roche
June 17: Immigrant Stories, Floricanto Center for the Performing Arts
What's New at the Leonis Adobe Museum?
Very Impressive - -  the Archival Box and the Vela Family Letters 

Book: "The House of Aragon" by Michael Perez: Los Angeles after World War II.  Historical Fiction based on personal interviews.  Go to: http://somosprimos.com/michaelperez/michaelperez.htm#ara 

 


Rocio2017M

Romeria del Rocío 2017
Presented by
La Hermandad de Las Americas de N. Sra. del Rocío

St. Casimir’s Roman Catholic Church
2718 Saint George St. Los Angeles, CA 90027


Sunday - June 4th, 2017 12:30 PM
=============================== ==============================
Domingo - 4 de junio, 2017 12:30 PM
Join us for our Annual Brunch Celebration- 
with Paella and Flamenco & Spanish Dances featuring:
Claudia de La Cruz Flamenco Institute,  Palomas Rojas, Carolina Russek Dancers 
& Guests


All proceeds to benefit - L.A. Catholic Worker’s Soup Kitchen
~
Os invitamos a compartir Nuestra Celebración Paella, Tapas,Flamenco y Danzas Españolas  con la participación de: Claudia de La Cruz Flamenco Institute,  Palomas Rojas, Carolina Russek Dancers & GuestsDonaciones para beneficio del
Comedor de Benificencia de “L.A. Catholic Workers”

Donation for luncheon: $20 Parish Members &  $25 Advance Sales  $30 At Door (No Discounted Price Tickets at the door) (Food/Entertainment Included)
Discounted Pre-Tickets Sales at
https://elrocio.yapsody.com/event/index/75096?ref=elink

www.ElRocio.net or after 9:30 Mass @ St. Casimir
Made Possible by the kind support of :
St. Casimir’s Church, La Española Meats, Claudia de La Cruz Flamenco Institute
Palomas Rojas,  Savory Roads Catering, 
Carolina Russek Dancers, Gaviña Coffees
 
https://elrocio.yapsody.com/event/index/75096?ref=elink
Image of our Lady of Rocio in our Poster is 
made possible by Mr. Carlos Méndez, from Olivares, Spain

 
Brotherhood of Our Lady of Rocio
15009 Hamlin Street
Van Nuys, California 91411 
US
 




================================== ==================================
Long Beach Opera and MoLAA present:
FRIDA PAIN AND PASSION
With Gregorio Luke, Laura Virella  
                                     and Bernardo Bermudez


Friday, June 9,  7:00 pm

Museum of Latin American Art MoLAA
628 Alamitos Blvd, long Beach Ca 90802

Ticket $10.00 portal link:
https://itkt.choicecrm.net/templates/LBOP/index.php
Tickets can be used as a credit to opera purchase
Long Beach Opera and MoLAA present FRIDA KAHLO PAIN AND PASSION  
art and opera, this multimedia event will promote
 a non- compromising, non-apologetic, modern experience of Frida Kahlo's life and art in promotion of the Southern California Opera premiere. With guest singers Laura Virella and Bernardo Bermudez playing Frida and Diego Rivera. Gregorio Luke will lead us through a fascinating, multi-layered presentation into this weapon of femininity and societal defiance. In bold and vivid colors the life and art of Frida Kahlo takes the stage.

Gregorio Luke     3000 E. 2nd Street     Long Beach, California 90803     US



======================================== =====================
Invitation to a launch,
 a very special book signing:
Join Writer Linda LaRoche
(www.lindalaroche.com) 
as she discusses and signs her novel, 
Dust Unto Shadow
Saturday June 10, 
Sierra Madre Library 
2:00 PM
440 W Sierra Madre Blvd, 
Sierra Madre
, CA 91024

For more information on the book, go to: http://somosprimos.com/sp2017/spmay17/spmay17.htm#BOOKS

 



Inspired by first hand accounts of men, women and children who  came to the United States in search of a better life

======================================= ===================

SATURDAY, June 17th

 
WHO:  Danza Floricanto/USA, Director, Gema Sandoval
WHAT:    Immigrant Stories Part I
WHEN:    Saturday, June 17, 2017, 8:00 pm
WHERE:  Lincoln High School Performing Arts Theater
               3501 North Broadway, Los Angeles, CA 90031

Tickets are $7 pre sale and $10 at the door.  To purchase tickets :  http://www.danzafloricantousa.com/store.php  .  
For more information, please call us at 323-261-0385.
Los Angeles, CA.:  Danza Floricanto/USA begins
its new 2017 dance series, Immigrant Stories Part I by presenting seven different stories finspired by members of our community who have made us proud through their lifelong contributions.  These stories, like threads sewn into our American flag, unique, indispensable, integral, tell how this nation of immigrants are what “Make America Great!”  This one of a kind program will take place at the Lincoln High School Performing Arts Theater on Saturday, June 17th at 8:00 pm.  
A strong tradition in contemporary Latin American Art is the use of the art form to reflect the current political climate and depict apparent injustices in a specific country or community.   Floricanto makes use of this tradition, pairs it with folklorico footwork and gives it all a contemporary immediacy that reflects the unspoken personal sacrifices that have strengthened our communities over the past 80+ years.   For this series, Gema Sandoval will share the choreographic stage with long time company members Christie Rios, Leovi Nuñez and Roger Aguirre.  Together they have created a danced rendition of stories told by members of the East Los Angeles community.  “What we found” said Gema Sandoval, “is that each of these tales are archetypes for many of the people living here.  In essence, the program is a danced homage to our whole community.” 
 
This program is intended as the start of an ongoing series of danced programs that will continue to honor and celebrate the unspoken heroes of our community.
 
This production is the perfect family choice for celebrating our community's multi-faceted heritage. Bring your mom, your dad, your children and grandchildren so that we can honor our ancestors contributions and celebrate each other. 

 Danza Floricanto/USA was founded in 1975 by Gema Sandoval as a professional dance company with the purpose of preserving Mexican culture, validate it as a cultural and artistic expression of the Latino people in the American Southwest, and create awareness and appreciation for it through live performance.
 
The Floricanto Center for the Performing Arts is a not for profit community arts space nestled in the East Los Angeles neighborhood of City Terrace.  It offers its community after school programs in music and dance and its audiences affordable family programming with a Latino/Chicano perspective and a focus on Dance.
 
The Immigrant Stories Part 1 2017 Program was made possible in part with funding from the California Arts Council’s  Local Impact Program and The OGP I program of the Los Angeles County Arts Commission, NALAC, and the East Los Angeles Arts Initiative . 

www.danzafloricantousa.com             
 
30-30-30
 
Gema Sandoval
floricanto@att.net
562-335-8554

Sent by Dorinda Moreno
 pueblosenmovimientonorte@gmail.com 



http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001mle-vTwG0lBfaHIMbyRZdHbNvsV4RJi61TkdAa-cutLeXXICpVx7XEAjH9q5QNhDyTLyvPs_Uw9Hwq7BHcTouuvoQU6ZgxxTIrMnLwecQmrmBLAkALnSUh8LRzVaGCJM5iFvRXDnHFy84ij4O0LiVdXlk0vw5elr18uZuD7v1j1ca1p00vbc5g==&c=Xhu_7N1zEbPUBkvoWF-t_mHcEryjM4Ni5rVG-8WQrOMR7G28DwYsfg==&ch=7H1BQfQe5NdabBqdMZClW6qTEDfNVldX0K-9FVPyRGWmNamRjIhKzA==

================================== =====================================
PASSPORT 2 HISTORY MONTHLY NEWSLETTER   June 2017, Vol. 63
 
What better way to show gratitude to our California heritage than to pay homage to a variety of historical sites that played a part in it: see who they were, how they lived, and what they contributed to the development of the Golden State.  You'd be surprised at what you'll find!  Grab a "Passport 2 History" passport book from any of our 86 participating locations for $5 per passport book and begin your historical journey!  As you visit each participating location, be sure to get your passport book stamped, receive potential special benefits and win prizes! Listed below are the latest events, exhibits and announcements from our participating historical sites and museums. 

For more details, visit us at our website passport2history.com 
or check out our Facebook page here
For the latest Passport 2 History video, click here!
What's New at the Leonis Adobe Museum?

Did you know the Leonis Adobe Museum and Ranch is the Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument #1 and is located in beautiful Old Town Calabasas, CA?
To learn more about the Leonis Adobe Museum, be sure to view KCET's "Visiting with Huell Howser: Leonis Adobe" episode, available online at YouTube.com or click here to see it now! 


New! 
Check out our new "Explore the Adobe" family-friendly activity! Just ask a Leonis Adobe employee for the activity pamphlet next time you come to visit. Then complete the pamphlet before you leave and get a prize. For more information, please call the Leonis Adobe Museum at 818-222-6511 or email us at contact@leonisadobemuseum.org.
 
Stay connected with the Leonis Adobe Museum on:
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================================== ==================================
http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001mle-vTwG0lBfaHIMbyRZdHbNvsV4RJi61TkdAa-cutLeXXICpVx7XCT2jnL6Y6h2DupUf0QfZbys-GGx8WfbbmW-xx5QHoxKb3tIkBIIWOtKXpDAR6nevLkyfyrNNKumFreIArtooPY05cQxNlOv525eBiE0TMhFrbgBHeWhsEmiTG5MB41hhw==&c=Xhu_7N1zEbPUBkvoWF-t_mHcEryjM4Ni5rVG-8WQrOMR7G28DwYsfg==&ch=7H1BQfQe5NdabBqdMZClW6qTEDfNVldX0K-9FVPyRGWmNamRjIhKzA== http://r20.rs6.net/tn.jsp?f=001mle-vTwG0lBfaHIMbyRZdHbNvsV4RJi61TkdAa-cutLeXXICpVx7XCT2jnL6Y6h2DupUf0QfZbys-GGx8WfbbmW-xx5QHoxKb3tIkBIIWOtKXpDAR6nevLkyfyrNNKumFreIArtooPY05cQxNlOv525eBiE0TMhFrbgBHeWhsEmiTG5MB41hhw==&c=Xhu_7N1zEbPUBkvoWF-t_mHcEryjM4Ni5rVG-8WQrOMR7G28DwYsfg==&ch=7H1BQfQe5NdabBqdMZClW6qTEDfNVldX0K-9FVPyRGWmNamRjIhKzA==

contact@leonisadobemuseum.org



Very Impressive - -  the Archival Box and the Family Letters 
 

Subject: Vela Family letters: the scans are soon heading to you

================================= =============================
Date: May 17, 2017   To: "ALBERT V VELA, PhD" <cristorey38@comcast.net>
Dear Al:

I'm sending you a compressed folder of very high-resolution tiff files of all the family letters (and envelopes) you donated to us.  I've attached here a quick photo of the archival box (alongside an open archival folder) that I took while scanning so that you can see how the letters are currently housed.

Thank you again for adding to our Cristero Rebellion / immigrant family materials. We already have on-campus interest in them and will be talking to faculty soon!


All best regards,  Cynthia

Cynthia Becht | Head, Archives and Special Collections, William H. Hannon Library 
| Loyola Marymount University
One LMU Drive, MS 8200 | Los Angeles, CA 90045-2659 cynthbecht@yahoo.com 
310/338-2780 | fax: 310/338-5895  library.lmu.edu 


Glad to hear of the on-campus interest. . .I hear Dad say he was educated by the Marist brothers, a French teaching order. They must've arrived in Mexico during the reign of Maximilian & his wife Carlota in late 1860s. To me this is a complicated aspect of
Mexican history involving political parties at war with one another. I venture to say most Mexican immigrants to the US were educated and middle class just like the South Vietnamese who found refuge in the US in late 1970s. I'm very inclined to hold this to be true of the early immigrants to the Westminster Barrio, The average citizen has the idea that Mexican immigrants of the 1900s-1930s were uneducated poor and ignorant.
I'm guessing dad (b. 1898) went as far as 8th grade by age 14 (1912). . .his knowledge of things spiritual like the Mass surprised me when I was in grade school. . .
Cynthia, I'm wondering how you're informing the faculty of the Cristero Vela letters.

          Al 

CALIFORNIA 

Plans for statue of Gen. Mariano Vallejo in Sonoma Plaza, CA proves divisive
Re-Opening of the Officer's Club in the San Francisco Presidio 
      by Martha Vallejo-McGettigan
June 22nd -24th: Conference of California Historical Society Annual, 
      Roseville, Placer County, CA.
Language and culture celebrated at City College, San Diego
Mission Local:   Local San Francisco news for a global neighborhood
How the attack on Pearl Harbor changed the course of California



 



Artist Jim Callahan works on a clay model for a life-size statue of General Vallejo, photo taken at his studio
 in Sonoma, on Sunday, April 24, 2016.  Beth Schlanker/The Press Democrat.

The statue will be placed in the Sonoma Plaza,
 unveiling ceremony on June 24th. For information: 


Plans for statue of Gen. Mariano Vallejo in Sonoma Plaza, CA 
proves divisive
Sonoma News by Staff Writer Clark Mason


Considering his outsize influence and role in Sonoma and California history, some are saying it’s about time that Gen. Mariano Vallejo is honored with a statue in the town he founded more than 180 years ago.

Vallejo, once the most powerful man in Mexican-controlled California and who also favored annexation by the United States, is getting a life-sized bronze likeness that will be placed in a prominent spot in the Sonoma Plaza, following unanimous approval by the City Council last week.

“No one deserves a statue more in the plaza than the founder of the pueblo and the person who laid it out,” said Robert Demler, president of the Sonoma League for Historic Preservation.

“This is really significant and very exciting,” said Vallejo’s great-great granddaughter, Martha Vallejo McGettigan, a former Sonoma resident and member of the monument committee, who said the statue is long overdue.

“Sonoma has been behind the times, as far as acknowledging this,” she said Friday.

Vallejo has been described as a man of high principles, rare culture and wealth. One of his biographers, George Tays, wrote, “it’s been justly said that any institution is but the lengthened shadow of one man. This is likewise true of Sonoma. For without Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo, there would have been no town.”

But the statue has its critics, including members of the city’s Cultural and Fine Arts Commission, which approved it 4-3 over objections that included its casual depiction of Vallejo sitting on a bench, his arm stretched over the back.

Longtime Sonoma resident and retired attorney Robert Parmalee is also a prominent naysayer, arguing that the plaza should be kept a venue for families, students and civic events.

“Don’t turn the plaza into a ‘mausoleum of the past,’” he stated in an e-mail to the City Council last year. He noted that there is already a “splendid relief portrait” of Vallejo at the entrance to City Hall.

“Another monument could open the door to memorials for people such as General Hap Arnold, Jack London, California Indians and Chinese workers and more,” he said, listing some of the prominent personalities and groups that are part of Sonoma Valley’s history.

None of the objections voiced over the statue is based on the legacy or actions of Vallejo, who held high military positions in California when it was under Spanish and then Mexican rule. Popular among visiting foreigners, he spoke English well and learned French and Latin, according to biographer Alan Rosenus.

When California became a state, Vallejo helped draw up its constitution and was elected a state senator. He also was California’s first commercial wine grower.

At one time, his holdings — which included his Rancho Petaluma — encompassed about 175,000 acres, according to McGettigan, and he donated land to establish the cities of Benicia and Vallejo.

By the time he died in 1890, his holdings were down to less than 300 acres, with most of his lands and livestock lost to squatters and settlers amid failed attempts to get American courts to recognize his title.

Currently, the only statue in the Sonoma Plaza is the century-old Bear Flag monument. It commemorates the 1846 uprising of a rag-tag band of American settlers who surprised the sleepy town and declared the short-lived California Republic. In the process, they imprisoned Vallejo, the Mexican military governor.

At the time, there were relatively few Americans in California, but many more were on the way in wagon trains, and nervous Mexican military authorities were threatening to expel them and take their possessions.

Ironically, Vallejo was sympathetic to Americans and had expressed a desire to make California a part of the United States.

He almost died after being taken by the Bear Flaggers to Sutter’s Fort in Sacramento, where he endured months of poor treatment and contracted malaria.

At last week’s City Council meeting, Sonoma attorney Tom Hauser said he wasn’t so much objecting to the Vallejo statue as the lack of a master plan for the plaza.

Jim Callahan, who is creating the sculpture in his Sonoma foundry, is a good artist, Hauser said, but “the city should be saying ‘This is what we want,’” not “ ‘well, OK, this sounds like something nice, let’s accept this ad hoc proposal.’ ”

Hauser noted that some critics felt the statue of the seated Vallejo with one arm extended along the top of the bench was disrespectful and common.

“I have been told Ronald McDonald does this also,” he said.

But City Council members embraced the statue’s design and the proposal by the monument committee, which made its initial pitch a year ago.

Mayor Laurie Gallian agreed that the plaza is a “beautiful precious gem” that needs to be safeguarded, but said the statue is a legacy that “needs to be there, as far as a community statement.”

Councilwoman Rachel Hundley called the statue tasteful and noted that people who have seen a model like the design. The city won’t be paying for it because the sculpture is being funded by donations, she said.

The statue and bench, on a base of basalt stone, are estimated to cost between $70,000 and $80,000, and about half of the money already has been raised, according to Demler, the preservation group’s president.

He said the statue, which could be in place in 10 months to a year, will serve as a gathering spot and a photo opportunity.

It will be “like meeting under the clock at Grand Central Station,” Demler said, but instead people might say “meet you at the general’s bench.”

He said the installation also will display a small digital code that schoolchildren and other visitors will be able to scan with their smartphones to access photos and information on Vallejo.

“It’s going to be wonderful,” Councilman David Cook said.

“This is a great improvement to the backside of City Hall,” Councilman Gary Edwards said.

He noted that by placing Vallejo’s likeness on the north side of the plaza, the statue will be facing across Spain Street in the direction of his original home, the two-story “Casa Grande” adobe that Vallejo built in the 1830s.
============================= ================================================
Vallejo was a lieutenant in the Mexican army when he founded Sonoma in 1835 under orders of Mexican Gov. Jose Figueroa. His wealth would multiply along with his titles.

He was sent to settle and colonize Alta California — which extended north from about Monterey — to counter the presence of Russians who established Fort Ross on the Sonoma Coast.

He chose the spot near the previously established San Francisco de Solano Mission to build troop barracks and lay out a dusty plaza and training ground.

“Sonoma was the prominent place. San Francisco didn’t exist. At the time, it was still Yerba Buena,” McGettigan, an independent historian, said of the pueblo’s significance. “All the important things that happened pretty much happened in Sonoma.”

Even though Vallejo lost his cattle herds and land holdings that once stretched from Mendocino County to the Carquinez Strait, he still retained his homestead in Sonoma when he died in 1890 at the age of 82.

He remained a man of distinction and influence. But in the end, Demler said, “the richest man in California wound up in very modest circumstances.”



General Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo

http://www.sonomanews.com/news/5542106-181/plan-for-statue-of-gen?artslide=0 
You can reach Staff Writer Clark Mason at 521-5214 or clark.mason@pressdemocrat.com . On Twitter@clarkmas




The Re-Opening of the Officer’s Club In the San Francisco Presidio

By
  
Martha Vallejo-McGettigan 

================================== ==================================

The San Francisco Presidio was a military post for more than 200 years – first for Spain when it was founded in 1776, then for Mexico in 1822 and finally for the United States Army from 1846 to 1994.  

The Presidio is now both a National Historic Landmark District and a National Park and the Presidio Officer’s Club contains a museum that is comparable to the finest in the United States.  Considered “the centerpiece” of the Club, is the 4000 square foot Presidio Heritage Gallery that features permanent and rotating interactive exhibits and multi-media displays.   


On January 12, 2012 Presidio DAR member and descendant of the Presidio’s last Commandante under Mexico, Martha Vallejo-McGettigan, was invited by the Heritage Program of the Presidio Trust, to participate in the introductory workshop to begin the transformation of the Officer’s Club into a new museum.  

================================== ==================================

Ralph Appelbaum and Associates, out of New York, were brought in to design and implement the new museum.  Vallejo-McGettigan was hired and involved for two and a half plus years after that initial meeting for founding families research, text research, consulting and artifact reproduction for the Spanish and Mexican eras.

Lists and concept books were developed, reviewed, changed, ideas and thoughts were exchanged to reveal the Presidio for all its turning points and cultures.  The goal was to make a place that would encourage people to connect more deeply with the shared heritage of all those who were a part of this magnificent location.         

In the beginning development of stories for the Presidio, founding family names were selected by the design team.  The first part of Vallejo-McGettigan’s research task was to contact descendants of the Second Anza Expedition who were the original founders of the Presidio and Mission Dolores. Many descendants responded with great detail and stories of these original people of the San Francisco Presidio.  

 

There was much cutting by the Appelbaum company and original family stories were dropped to several descendants being interviewed for a video display.  Vallejo-McGettigan being one of these.

The new focus was changed to featuring and breaking down the history of the Presidio to Eras. These different Eras each had different stories, pictures and text explanation of that particular era.  Vallejo-McGettigan, along with other historians and consultants were given concept books and large print outs to review, agree to or correct.

In evaluating, Vallejo-McGettigan found certain texts in the founding era 1 completely incorrect.  After using primary sources of the founding time, accurate information was sent to the director from Letter of Lieutenant Don Josef Joachín Moraga in Which He Reports the Occupation of the Port of San Francisco, the Erection of a Mission, the Country Explored and Other Achievements, Palou’s Account of the Founding of San Francisco Mission and Presidio, The Works of Howard Bancroft, excerpts from Randy Milliken’s Mission Register Database and others.  

 

Vallejo-McGettigan then re-examined the story of the first encounter of Native Americans and Spain’s colonist’s also in Era 1.  An email was sent with accurate details from the diary of Fr. Vincente Maria who is the primary source for that event.  With the correction of translation, suggestions of a more positive reflection of that encounter were made. Concurrent with the research, Vallejo-McGettigan, requested from those who responded to the Call to All Californios, for ideas of artifacts of their families to represent the era of the founders.  Suggestions were made to the directors and it was decided that Vallejo-McGettigan would retrofit a soldado de cuera (soldier uniform of 1775) and that the blacksmith and leather worker, John Grafton from San Juan Bautista, would make a saddle.  These two items became prominent in the Heritage Gallery.  

================================== ==================================



















 






October 4, 2014 the transformation of the San Francisco Presidio Officer’s Club was complete and the new museum was reopened to the public. On the re-opening day, hundreds of people came to see and enjoy. 

 


Historical societies play a vital role in preserving the records of the past. Through limited funding and the tireless efforts of volunteers, they keep the story of the surrounding communities alive. CCHS helps connect historians, and others who are interested in California history, to connect and share information - joining efforts to preserve records, artifacts, sites and buildings throughout the State. Whether you're interested in celebrating California's history or strengthening your ability to preserve it, our Annual Meeting is for you.

The CCHS 2017 Annual Meeting will take place June 22nd -24th at the Best Western Plus Orchid Hotel & Suites, 315 N Sunrise Ave., in Roseville, Placer County, CA.

  Early Bird pricing is available through Friday, June 9th, so don't delay, register today!

 

 




Language and culture celebrated at City College, San Diego


Conmemoreación del 80 aniversario de Guernica, en Espana
in California 


Dear Mimi,

My name is Sarah Heras and I met you last Saturday at the Battle in Point Loma. I am a professor at City College and Mesa College in San Diego, me and my students made a Festival this April 26 th to honor the 80th anniversary
of Guernica. We wanted to show that  history repeats itself, over and over and we need to learn from our mistakes.

[Editor Mimi:  Please note the photos on the right side.  It is Sarah's "Family Tree".] 

This is the meaning of my genealogical tree. My great-grandmother was born in 1907 and died in 1984 in Madrid, Spain.  She suffered, as all of Spain did, through WW I, followed by Spain's terrible Civil War, 1936-1939, and then the deprivations and difficult conditions throughout Europe.  during WWII. 

My great-grandmother became a widow during the Civil War .  At the time she had eight children, ages from 10 years old  to 6 months ( the babies were twins) .  She met this incredible single man who wanted to marry her.  He was very persistent. 

At first my grandmother rejected his attention.  She was devastated with the loss of her husband, very poor, and struggling to feed her children.  My great-grandfather shared with us the terrible conditions during Spain's Civil War.  To have some meat to eat, he and his siblings would hunt, catch and eat cats.  

After some  years my  great grandmother consented to marry him.  He was wonderful. He took care of the whole family and loved the children as his own.  My great- grandmother was so thankful that she asked God, for just one more day of life, longer than her husband, so she could take care of him until the end.  Her prayers were answered, my great grandfather passed away on a Monday, and my great grandmother the next evening, on a Tuesday night. 

I feel very proud of my family and I was lucky to have a very loving and caring grandmother as well . Her name was Lola  and She was a child during the Civil War in Spain. My grandfather lives in Spain and I want to make him feel proud of the history of his family and  thanks for taking care of his whole family and work very hard for us. His name was Angel and honestly, he was a real Angel to my great grandmother and my aunts and uncles. 


Thank you for your dedication and for your time.

God bless
Sarah Heras 

Profesora  Sarah Heras
Article: Language and culture celebrated at City College
City College Language and Culture Festival


San Diego City College will hold a Language and Culture Festival from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. Wednesday, April 26. 
by GaryWarth Gary,
San Union Tribune Newspaper.
 
International languages and cultures will be celebrated with food, music, games and other activities at City College Wednesday.
The annual Language and Culture Festival is free and open to the public from 10 a.m. to 2 p.m. on the AH courtyard on campus.
 
“We try to make everyone aware that there are different countries with different cultures, and it’s more than just grammar,” said City College Spanish professor Sarah Heras.
 
Tables are set up to recognize different cultures, which will be represented by food, music and displays. In past years, students have been given passports that would be stamped as they visited different tables.
 
Heras said learning about different cultures is crucial to learning a second language because it teaches why, not just how, things are expressed in different countries.
 
“I’m trying to teach them that behind all the fun stuff we have in Spain, we also have a history,” she said.
 
One significant part of her display this year will recognize the 80th anniversary of the 1937 bombing of the the city of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War. The aerial bombings may have left up to 1,600 dead, although the actual number has been disputed.
 
“If we don’t learn from history, we’re going to make the same mistakes, over and over,” she said.
 
Heras said the lessons about the Spanish Civil War are important and relevant today.
 
“Although it may seem a very distant subject since the Civil War happened in 1936, we can see much similarity with the current American politics and society,” she said. “Since we had the last election, so many of my students are worried. Many are from Mexico or other Latin countries, and they don’t know what’s going to happen.”
 
Heras said studying different cultures is a way to help people see one another as humans rather than nationalities.
 
Her booth this year also will include artwork created by her students at Mesa College, where she also teaches, and a family tree with tissue-paper flowers on it that will remember her own grandparents, who were children in Spain during the civil war.
 
Heras said her station at the festival will have two tables for displays that also will include lessons about the treatment of women, homosexuals and people living in exile.
 
 
Twitter: @GaryWarthUT
760-529-4939
 
 

http://missionlocal.us3.list-manage.com/track/click?u=204ab593816f00613a1b8e50c&id=aa42bb061d&e=1baa8ff804
SAN FRANCISCO

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Instituto Familiar de la Raza to celebrate new mural Friday

http://Lilac%20Alley.%20Photo%20by%20Lola%20M.%20Chavez

A nonprofit serving San Francisco’s Chicano, Latino and Indígena communities on Mission Street near 25th Street is celebrating the completion of a new mural on its rear facade facing Lilac Street. The alley is known for its colorful and culturally relevant murals. Instituto Familiar de la Raza’s new mural, titled “The Cycle of Re-Generation,” is the work of Darren Villegas. It depicts tree trunks with elements of DNA strands to evoke the concept... Read More  




FOCUS: How the attack on Pearl Harbor changed the course of California by Kurt Snibbe, OC register, 12-5-16

FOCUS: How the attack on Pearl Harbor changed the course of California

Text version

 

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Wednesday marks the 75th anniversary of Japan’s Dec. 7, 1941, attack on Pearl Harbor. California was mobilizing for war before the attack. The U.S. Army began building bases and expanding installations in the state in 1939. After the Pearl Harbor attack, the California coastline was fortified with hundreds of cannons and  anti- aircraft batteries. The harbors in San Francisco, Los Angeles and San Diego were protected with mine fields, and military bases in the Golden State became key training areas for the wars in Europe and the Pacific. 
Soldiers weren’t the only newcomers to California; thousands of workers flocked here. California accounted for 17 percent of the nation’s wartime production and received 10 cents of every dollar spent by the Defense Department.
One of the biggest booms for the state’s economy came in agriculture. From 1940 to 1944, the state’s annual crop revenues increased 159 percent to $1.7 billion.

California’s growth

California’s population surged during and immediately after World War II.

Bases in the state

Japanese internment camps in the mainland held more than 112,000.
93,000 were from California

camps

During World War II, the state had moe than 140 military bases and also a leading manufacturing center.

 

 

Attacks on California

After the bombing of Pearl Harbor, Californians lived in fear of a Japanese invasion. The Japanese attacked several ships along the coast, and a long-range submarine bombed an oil field near Santa Barbara on Feb. 23, 1942. The next day, rumors of an invasion triggered air-raid sirens and anti-aircraft fire in Los Angeles that became known as The Battle of Los Angeles. U.S. anti-aircraft guns fired about 1,400 rounds over the city. No planes or bombs were discovered, and the incident was later determined to be a false alarm.

Some wartime incidents: Unmanned balloon bombs found at Alturas and Hayfork

================================== ================================
Ships attacked
SS Agwiworld
SS Emidio
SS Samoa
SS Larry Doheny
SS Dorothy Phillips
SS H.M. Storey
SS Montebello and the SS Idaho
SS Barbara Olson and SS Absoroka
The Shelling of Ellwood
The first attack by a Japanese submarine on mainland America occurred when a Japanese submarine shelled an oil field near Santa Barbara.


Based in history

================================ =====================
Fort MacArthur in San Pedro had a large battery of cannons guarding Los Angeles Harbor. The base closed in 1974. A museum and remnants of the U.S. Army installation remain on the site.
============================================ =====================
The Santa Ana Army Air Base covered more than 1,300 acres in Costa Mesa. The base was operational from 1942 until 1946. More than 20,000 service members a year were trained on the base that had more than 170 buildings. Today one building from the base remains at the OC Fair & Event Center.

Tinseltown impact

The movie industry struggled after the attack on Pearl Harbor due to the loss of foreign markets. In 1942, the Office of War Information was formed to work with film producers. From 1942 to 1945, stars made newsreels and films to boost morale. By 1943, every studio except Paramount allowed OWI to examine film scripts for content that would promote the honor of the Allies mission. The OWI was dissolved in September 1945.

Remaining bases

Less than 20 percent of the bases in California during WWII remain in use today.  Some remaining bases in California (2016): 

  • Beale Air Force Base
  • Naval Air Weapons Station China Lake
  • Coast Guard Training Center Petaluma
  • Edwards Air Force Base
  • Fort Irwin
  • Los Angeles Air Force Base
  • March Air Reserve Base
  • Marine Corps Air Ground Combat Center,  
         Twentynine Palms
  • Marine Corps Air Station Miramar
    Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton
  • Marine Corps Recruit Depot San Diego
  • Naval Air Station Lemoore
  • Naval Air Station North Island
  • Naval Amphibious Base Coronado
  • Naval Base Coronado
  • Naval Base Point Loma
  • Naval Base San Diego
  • Naval Air Station Point Mugu
  • Naval Weapons Station Seal Beach
  • Naval Postgraduate School Presidio of Monterey
  • Travis Air Force Base
  • U.S. Coast Guard Sector San Diego
  • Vandenberg Air Force Base

Sources: Coast Defense Study Group, National Park Service, California State Military Museum, California State Capitol Museum

Photos: From the collections of the Costa Mesa Historical Society, Department of Defense


NORTHWESTERN UNITED STATES 

Territorio de Nutca, claimed by Spain, 1789-1795, 
    

 

Please view Horse Map under Spanish Presence in Americas Roots and painting below.
Spain's explorations on land and sea in the west coast opened trails and established a European base.

 


SOUTHWESTERN UNITED STATES
   


Ferrer-Dalmau pinta el descbrimiento español del Cañón del Colorado
June 23rd: New Mexico DNA Project
In Arizona, teachers can now be hired with absolutely no training in how to teach


Ferrer-Dalmau pinta el descbrimiento español del Cañón del Colorado

Ferrer-Dalmau pinta el descubrimiento español del Cañón del Colorado

 

J. G. C. - caleroje Madrid 18/03/2016 20:24h  - Actualizado:  21/03/2016 16:39h. Guardado en: Cultura Arte

Solo 48 años después de la llegada de Colón al Nuevo Mundo, y apenas 19 años después de la conquista de México, los exploradores españoles aún trataban de conocer la dimensión de América del Norte. En otra muestra más de su esfuerzo por crear una imaginería de la historia que España no ha sabido siempre reivindicar como debía, el pintor de batallas, Augusto Ferrer-Dalmau, acaba de terminar un lienzo dedicado al descubrimiento español del cañón del Colorado, asesorado por el historiador David Nievas Muñoz.

Tras la misión de Hernando de Soto que partió de Florida y atravesó territorio que hoy pertenece a diez Estados, Francisco Vázquez de Coronado parte en 1540 de Compostela (hoy Jalisco, en México) y tras pisar Arizona y Nuevo México decidió enviar pequeñas partidas exploratorias, en busca de las míticas «siete ciudades de Cíbola». Un puñado de españoles, bajo el mando de García López de Cárdenas, se encontró con indios hopi, que les hablaron de un gran río, al que llamaron Tizón, según recuerda Nievas Muñoz. Pronto llegaron a un paisaje inhóspito, según sus notas: «Vimos una gran barranca», y el río al fondo, que a esa distancia adivinaban pequeño.
Ese es el momento que recoge el cuadro de Ferrer-Dalmau, de técnica magistral. 

Desafiando al sol abrasador, los españoles quisieron bajar para abastecerse de agua, pero cuanto más bajaban, más sed, debido a la temperatura hirviente que se agudiza en el fondo del Cañón. Solo entonces supieron la verdadera dimensión de la hondonada, y el caudal del río, que era para ellos «como el Gualdalquivir». Fracasaron en su intento, hubieron de regresar sin lograr beber, asombrados por la profundidad del tajo que el río había hecho en el paraje.

Meses más tarde, Fernando de Alarcón, de la expedición de Coronado, remontaría el río, llegando a California.

Los españoles dibujaban el mundo, a cada paso noticia.
.
http://www.abc.es/cultura/arte/abci-ferrer-dalmau-pinta-descubrimiento-espanol-canon-colorado-201603182024 




================================== ==================================
Friday, June 23, 2017 3:30 PM
CE South Building
1634 University Blvd. NE, Albuquerque, NM  
 
UNM Continuing Education: The Story of N.M.and the New Mexico DNA Project present:
Ángel de Cervantes Who will discuss the  Anthropological Genetic History:The Celt-Iberian Connection to 
New Mexican Families
Y-DNA Haplogroup R1b1
 

In Part III of an ongoing series, Mr. Cervantes will explore the connection between certain New Mexican families and the Celt-Iberians.  Mr. Cervantes will show a short film that will trace the history of these people.  He will discuss which families show the markers that are most identified with this ancient civilization.  Ángel de Cervantes is a History Instructor and the Project Administrator of the New Mexico DNA Project. For more information about the New Mexico DNA Project, visit their website online at: 

   
http://www.familytreedna.com/public/NewMexicoDNA/default.aspx
University of New Mexico Continuing Education: Story of New Mexico
Registration is available at:
https://newmexico.augusoft.net/index.cfm?method=ClassInfo.ClassInformation&int_class_id=79310&utm_source=Osher
Sent by Angel Cervantes  





In Arizona, teachers can now be hired with absolutely no training in how to teach
By Valerie Strauss May 14, 2017
 


Arizona Gov. Doug Ducey (R) in 2015. (Ross D. Franklin/AP)
New legislation signed into law in Arizona by Republican Gov. Doug Ducey (R) will allow teachers to be hired with no formal teaching training, as long as they have five years of experience in fields “relevant” to the subject they are teaching. What’s “relevant” isn’t clear.
 
The Arizona law is part of a disturbing trend nationwide to allow teachers without certification or even any teacher preparation to be hired and put immediately to work in the classroom in large part to help close persistent teacher shortages. It plays into a misconception that anyone can teach if they know a particular subject and that it is not really necessary to first learn about curriculum, classroom management and instruction.
 
The legislation was championed by Ducey, who has described it as a positive change that will entice “great teachers” into the classroom and help alleviate Arizona’s teacher shortages.
 
The state has been struggling with severe shortages as thousands of teachers have left the state in recent years for reasons including low pay, insufficient classroom resources, and so many testing requirements and teaching guidelines that they feel they have no flexibility and too little authentic instructional time.
 
A new analysis by the National Education Association found Arizona near the bottom of a state list of spending per student in 2015-2016, the latest data available. The U.S. average per-student expenditure was $11,787; Vermont had the highest, $23,557, and Arizona was near the bottom, $7,566. Teachers’ salaries in Arizona were in the bottom 20 percent of states.
 
Arizona had previously allowed non-certified teachers to be hired in fields such as math and science, but this new law opens the door across subject lines.
 
Teachers unions and the elected state superintendent of public instruction, Diane Douglas, oppose the law, with Douglas issuing a statement saying that “lowering the standards for new teachers is not the way to correct the problem.” A retired teacher named Mike McClellan wrote in the Arizona Republic:
 
Let’s call it the Warm Body Law. … One that allows folks without any teaching credentials to lead our kids in classrooms across Arizona, as long as those men and women have at least five years of experience in “relevant fields.”  And those fields? “Any content area.”
 
[Why teachers are fleeing Arizona in droves]
 
In recent years, a growing number of teachers are being hired in various states with emergency or temporary credentials, according to the nonprofit Learning Policy Institute. The consequences are severe, according to September 2016 report by the institute:  Tens of thousands of teachers were hired in the fall of 2015 on emergency or temporary credentials to meet these needs, and the same pattern has emerged as schools opened in 2016. In addition to hiring individuals who are not prepared to teach, districts and schools facing shortages have a small number of undesirable options: They can increase class sizes, cancel classes, use short-term substitutes, or assign teachers from other fields to fill vacancies. All of these stopgap solutions undermine the quality of education, especially for the students who most need effective schools.
 
That same report has bad news for Arizona (with footnotes removed):   In Arizona, 62 percent of school districts had unfilled teaching positions three months into the school year in 2013-14. In the same school year, close to 1,000 teachers were on substitute credentials — a 29 percent increase from the previous year. With one of the highest turnover rates of any state and 24 percent of the teacher workforce eligible to retire by the end of 2018, the outlook for Arizona’s future points to continued shortages.
 
Valerie Strauss covers education and runs The Answer Sheet blog.  Follow @valeriestrauss
 
Source: The Washington Post

 

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/answer-sheet/wp/2017/05/14/in-arizona-teachers-can-now-be-hired-with-absolutely-
no-training-in-how-to-teach/?utm_term=.9df23bda7a08
 

Sent by Eddie Calderon, Ph.D. 
EddieAAA@hotmail.com 


TEXAS

May 15, 1755, Tomás Sánchez de la Barrera y Garza founder of Laredo 
May 19th, 1836 -- Indians take captives at Fort Parker
Looking Ahead: 38th Annual Texas Hispanic Genealogical and Historical Conference
First Texas First Lady (Maria Josefa Uribe Gutiérrez de Lara)
by José Antonio López 
Tejano History Month which is May15 thru April 15, 2017. 
Texas HIstory E Books:  Take Texas HIstory with you Wherever You Go.


================================== ==================================
May 15th, 1755 -- Sánchez family founds Laredo

On this day in 1755, Tomás Sánchez de la Barrera y Garza founded Laredo with his family and several others. Sánchez was born near Monterrey, Nuevo León, in 1709. As a young man he served in the army and later ran a ranch in Coahuila. 

When José Vázquez Borrego established a ranch on the north bank of the Rio Grande in 1750, Sánchez started one on the south side within sight of the new settlement. He was residing there in 1754, when he petitioned José de Escandón for permission to found a town on the north bank of the river. Escandón eventually approved the request and appointed Sánchez captain and chief justice of the new settlement, to be named Laredo. 

Sánchez was almost singly responsible for maintaining the settlement on the north bank of the Rio Grande, and he held the offices of chief justice and alcalde with only brief intermissions until his death in January 1796.

 

May 19th, 1836 -- Indians take captives at Fort Parker

On this day in 1836, a large force of Comanche warriors, accompanied by Kiowa and Kichai allies, attacked Fort Parker, located on the headwaters of the Navasota River in what is now Limestone County. During the raid the Comanches seized five captives, including Cynthia Ann Parker. The other four were eventually released, but Cynthia remained with the Indians for almost twenty-five years, forgot white ways, and became thoroughly Comanche. She was perhaps the most famous Indian captive in Texas history. Her son Quanah became a celebrated Comanche chief.


38TH ANNUAL TEXAS, HISPANIC GENEALOGICAL and HISTORICAL CONFERENCE
Preserving Our Past for the Future

September 28-30, 2017
Hosted by Tejano Genealogy Society of Austin

www.tgsaustin.org  for updates!
Contact: Minnie Wilson  minswil@yahoo.com

 



          

                                                                                                               (File photo: RGG/Steve Taylor)

López: First Texas First Lady (Maria Josefa Uribe Gutiérrez de Lara)

By José Antonio López 
 
jlopez8182@satx.rr.com

SAN ANTONIO, November 3 - On April 6, 1813, Maria Josefa Uribe Gutiérrez de Lara became First Lady of Independent Texas.

In gaining that distinction, she actually scored a “double” first. Not only was she the first to fill the position, but she was also the first Hispanic to serve in that capacity.

Indeed, hidden just beneath the sands of time, her narrative is unknown in mainstream Texas history. Married to José Bernardo Gutiérrez de Lara, the first President of Texas; Maria Josefa Uribe’s story is truly exceptional. Her right to the honor is certain. Her husband was successful in organizing Mexico’s Army of the North (First Texas Army).Then he defeated the Spanish Army in five battles. He thus became the first President of the independent Texas province and has the credentials to prove it – first Texas Declaration of Independence and first Constitution.

However, because it doesn’t fit the Sam Houston model, his triumph is disparaged in mainstream Texas history as an “expedition,” rather than for the bona fide revolution that it represents. Albeit, how did these things happen and most of all, who was this courageous woman?

Maria Josefa was born in 1774 to Magdalena Gutiérrez de Lara Uribe (1737-1802) and Don José Luis Uribe (1735-?). They were from Revilla, now the Guerrero, Tamaulipas and Zapata, Texas bi-national community. Revilla was part of the vast close-knit family network known as the Villas del Norte of José de Escandón, located alongside the Lower Rio Grande. To be sure, the Uribe family was among the most influential in Nuevo Santander. For example, her aunt, Catalina Uribe, was married to Tomás Sánchez, founder of Laredo.

As with most early Texas pioneer women and men, few childhood details exist. However, what is known is that on April 21, 1800, Maria Josefa and José Bernardo were married in Revilla. Having inherited his father’s large estate, José Bernardo and his bride started a family. A son and a daughter were born in Revilla; the first two of what will eventually number six siblings.

As mentioned above, little is written about Maria Josefa’s story. However, four courageous points in her adult life should help to define her strong character and status as a leader in the story of early Texas independence.

First, Maria Josefa (affectionately called “Chepita” by her husband José Bernardo and family members) actively nourished her husband’s rebel efforts against unfair Spanish colonial policies. She supported his call for Texas as an independent province of Mexico. When he rode off to Chihuahua to volunteer in Father Miguel Hidalgo’s “Grito” revolt, Maria Josefa stayed home to lead battles of her own against the irate Spanish Army regional commandant and his soldiers.

In 1811, when Don Bernardo left for Washington, D.C., to seek help for the Mexican revolution, the Spanish authorities attacked the Gutiérrez de Lara homestead. They confiscated all property owned by Don Bernardo. Thus, Maria Josefa experienced the brunt of harsh treatment from Spanish authorities. Don Bernardo’s extended family and friends in Revilla were also specific targets. The family had been allowed to stay in their home, but most everything of value was stripped from them and worse, they had nothing to eat. Neighbors were threatened by death should they help in any way. Those who helped had to use the cover of night to do so. It was a bleak situation for everyone involved. Courageously, Maria Josefa endured the humiliation and constant harassment for many months.

This brings us to the second ordeal that Maria Josefa experienced. Anticipating victory, Don Bernardo had secretly contacted his close friend and compadre, Don José de Jesús Villarreal, to bring Maria Josefa and their children from Revilla to Béxar.

Don José de Jesús and his brother Petronillo escorted Maria Josefa and the two youngsters in secret to Béxar. They traveled mostly by night; staying in the brush, following narrow Indian trails. Had they ventured onto the popular Camino Real, they would have faced the threat of Spanish Army patrols. If stopped by a patrol and forced to reveal their identities, the party would have surely been killed on the spot. Maria Josefa was indeed lucky to have been guided by such loyal friends. Soon enough, they reached the safety of San Antonio. Sadly, the Spanish authorities eventually found out about the trip. When the Villarreal brothers returned to their home in Revilla, they were arrested and executed for their valiant act of courage.

Maria Josefa’s third act of bravery occurred when she accompanied her husband into exile in Natchitoches, Louisiana on August 4, 1813 for a period of 10 years. Don Bernardo remained active, especially in pacifying unfriendly tribes in the region. Expectedly, Maria Josefa continued to keep the family together. Also, she was on her own during 1814-1815 when at the request of General Andrew Jackson, Don Bernardo temporarily left Natchitoches because he and his exiled Tejanos assisted the U.S. general in defeating the British at the Battle of New Orleans.

Finally, Maria Josefa’s fourth ordeal began in 1824 when the Gutiérrez de Lara family returned to Mexico and welcomed as heroes. Shortly after, Don Bernardo was forced for health reasons to resign his position as the first Governor of Tamaulipas, Eastern Provinces Commander, and other positions. They eventually returned to their devastated home. Their pension denied, they struggled to survive for the last few years of their lives. Don Bernardo died on May 13, 1841 in Villa Santiago, Nuevo León, where although in very ill health, he had gone to see their daughter, Maria Eugenia. Too ill to travel, Maria Josefa had stayed home. Overcome with grief learning of her husband’s death, she died seven months later (December 15, 1841). Their souls eternally linked, theirs was truly a classic example of absolute love for each other.

In closing, it is convenient for those of us committed to unearthing our early Texas roots to feature mostly stories of brave men. However, for all the valiant male leaders in early Texas history, there were equally heroic, resourceful women whose courageous stories modern-day students must learn about in Texas school classrooms. Maria Josefa is one such candidate.

Actively contributing to her husband’s vision to set Texas free, Maria Josefa’s footprints are set alongside her husband’s in the founding of this great place we call Texas. In short, Maria Josefa personifies the many steadfast women who gave their all in building what became Texas. It is time that Maria Josefa Uribe Gutiérrez de Lara, the very First Lady of Independent Texas (1813) is honored with the dignity she earned and deserves. Mainstream Texas history can’t ignore her any longer. Justice delayed is justice denied.

José Antonio “Joe” López was born and raised in Laredo, Texas, and is a USAF Veteran. He now lives in Universal City, Texas. He is the author of three books: “The Last Knight (Don Bernardo Gutierrez de Lara Uribe, A Texas Hero,”, “Nights of Wailing, Days of Pain (Life in 1920s South Texas)”, and “The First Texas Independence, 1813”. Lopez is also the founder of the Tejano Learning Center, LLC, and www.tejanosunidos.org, a web site dedicated to Spanish Mexican people and events in U.S. history that are mostly overlooked in mainstream history books.

////




Tejano History Month which is May15 thru April 15, 2017. 


May 18, 2017 I was asked to say a few words in regards to Tejano History Month which is May15 thru April 15, 2017.  Houston's Mayor Turner issued a comprehensive Proclamation.  City Councilman Robert Gallegos is also working on having a street in the downtown named in honor of Juan N. Seguin on which I addressed in City Council.



May 27, 2017 Ground Breaking Ceremony for the Juan N. Seguin Park.  Upon completion, Ribbon Cutting will be sometime later this year, 2017. The Park is located within eyesight of the San Jacinto Monument Park almost next to the Battle Ship Texas. 

ASeguin2@aol.com



Texas HIstory E Books:  Take Texas HIstory with you Wherever You Go.

Could it get any better?   Texas is setting the model for getting history into the hands and minds of the general public. Congratulations.  Texas, leading the way is quite apropos, because Texas has played such an important role in the history of the United States.  Exclusion of the Mexican presence in United States history has resulted in confusion.  Hopefully this availability of history will help set the records straight, will strengthen and help unify our nation.  

 

Download all 16 for FREE today.
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Every TSHA eBook now available to download for FREE

Dear Viola,

TSHA has launched our NEW! online eBook catalog. Featuring every eBook TSHA currently offers, the catalog will be updated with all future releases. The best part? You can download every eBook for FREE.

TSHA eBooks are curated by Handbook Staff and draw from our acclaimed historical publications, such as the Handbook of Texas and the Southwestern Historical Quarterly. Each eBook provides an account of important people, places, and events in Texas history, on topics ranging from battles of the Texas Revolution to the evolution of the state's musical legacy.

I invite you to browse our full list of eBooks, as well as read and write reviews on all of the selections you make. Each eBook will be delivered directly to your email inbox to download at your convenience. Choose from one of our three featured eBooks below or peruse the entire catalog today. 

Brian Bolinger, Chief Executive Officer
Texas State Historical Association

 

MIDDLE AMERICA

Manuel Pérez Jr., Congressional Medal of Honor Recipient
About Anyone Can Marry - That is the Easy Part by Rudy Padilla
From Monterrey to the Highlands of Vietnam by Rudy Padilla
M



Manuel Pérez Jr.
Congressional Medal of Honor Recipient

about Cong. Medal of Honor on Pinterest | Medal of honor recipients ...

Photo of Medal of Honor Recipient Manuel Perez

I am not sure much is known about a Mexican-American Congressional Medal of Honor recipient from and buried in Oklahoma. I visit his gravesite (in the oldest/first cemetery in okc) occasionally. I am touched by the story of his valor and ultimate unselfish sacrifice.  It is unbelievable.
Hope all is well. Take care.
Jerry Medina
405-630-7492

 


Manuel Pérez Jr. (March 3, 1923 – March 14, 1945) born in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, was a United States Army soldier who posthumously received the Medal of Honor, the United States' highest military decoration, for his actions in Battle of Luzon during the Philippines campaign of World War II.

Early years
Pérez was a Mexican-American born in Oklahoma City. As a young boy, he moved to Chicago, Illinois, where he was raised by his father, Manuel Pérez Sr., and his paternal grandmother. There he received his primary and secondary education. He worked for Best Foods, Inc. before joining the United States Army upon the outbreak of World War II. After his basic training, the Army sent him to paratrooper school.

Japanese forces had invaded the Philippine islands and had under its control all of the U.S. Military Installations including Fort William McKinley which was located just south of Manila the capital. Fort William McKinley was where USAFFE (United States Army Forces - Far East) had its headquarters for the Philippine Department and the Philippine Division. The bulk of the Philippine Division was stationed here and this was where, under the National Defense Act of 1935, specialized artillery training was conducted.

In 1945, Pérez was sent to the Philippines and assigned to Company A 511th Parachute Infantry, 11th Airborne Division whose mission was to take Fort William McKinley. On February 13, as the 11th Airborne Division approached the fort, it encountered a strong enemy fortified sector. The sector was composed of cement pillboxes armed with .50-caliber dual-purpose machineguns which defended the entrance to the fort.

Upon the realization that the pillboxes (Blockhouses) were withholding the advance of his division, Pérez took it upon himself to charge the fortifications and blast them away with grenades. He killed 18 of the enemy before he was mortally wounded. Due to his actions his unit was able to advance successfully.[1]

Medal of Honor 

PEREZ, MANUEL JR.
Rank & organization: Private First Class, U.S. Army, Company A 511th Parachute Infantry, 11th Airborne Division.
Place and date: Fort William McKinley, Rizal Province, Luzon, Philippine Islands, February 13, 1945.
Entered service at: Chicago, Ill.

Born: March 3, 1923 Oklahoma City, Okla.
G.O. No.: 124, December 27, 1945.

Citation:
He was lead scout for Company A, which had destroyed 11 of 12 pillboxes in a strongly fortified sector defending the approach to enemy-held Fort William McKinley on Luzon, Philippine Islands. In the reduction of these pillboxes, he killed 5 Japanese in the open and blasted others in pillboxes with grenades. Realizing the urgent need for taking the last emplacement, which contained 2 twin-mount .50-caliber dual-purpose machineguns, he took a circuitous route to within 20 yards of the position, killing 4 of the enemy in his advance. He threw a grenade into the pillbox, and, as the crew started withdrawing through a tunnel just to the rear of the emplacement, shot and killed 4 before exhausting his clip. He had reloaded and killed 4 more when an escaping Japanese threw his rifle with fixed bayonet at him. 

In warding off this thrust, his own rifle was knocked to the ground. Seizing the Jap rifle, he continued firing, killing 2 more of the enemy. He rushed the remaining Japanese, killed 3 of them with the butt of the rifle and entered the pillbox, where he bayoneted the 1 surviving hostile soldier. Single-handedly, he killed 18 of the enemy in neutralizing the position that had held up the advance of his entire company. Through his courageous determination and heroic disregard of grave danger, Pfc. Perez made possible the successful advance of his unit toward a valuable objective and provided a lasting inspiration for his comrades.[2]

Pérez was buried with full military honors at Fairlawn Cemetery which is located in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. The state government of Illinois honored the memory of Perez by naming a plaza located in Chicago's Little Village Square and a school after him. The Department of the Army the reserve center of the 221st Unit Army Hospital in Oklahoma City, the Manuel Perez Jr Reserve Center.[3]

Date of death
His grave at Fairlawn Cemetery shows a date of death as March 14, 1945,[4] a date found in the casualty list for the 511th PIR[5] and division historian Lt. Gen. E.M. Flanagan.[6]


Awards and recognitions


Among Perez's decorations and medals were the following:

Parachutist badge

Medal of Honor Purple Heart
American Campaign Medal Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal World War II Victory Medal



Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manuel_P%C3%A9rez_Jr

Sent by Jerry Medina 





About Anyone Can Marry - That is the Easy Part
by Rudy Padilla

================================== ==================================

When living on our farm, west of Bonner Springs, I
was outside on that summer day and noticed a young man riding a paint colored horse on the gravel road toward our home. What really caught my attention was that he was holding onto the reins of another horse that had no rider.  

I was approximately 10 years of age then and a true lover of horses, especially at that time when the movies with the cowboys and their flashy horses were highly popular.  

As they moved closer, I noticed the horse without the rider did not like to be led.  He was pulled away as far as possible and trying to be the leader.  The magnificent-looking bay horse had a white star on his forehead.  He also had some white on his muzzle (nose) to go along with his black mane and tail.  His dark red color was beautiful, but what caught my attention even more – was his spirited movement.  

 

Rosario Padilla

About then, my father came out of the house and he greeted the young man.  The man on the horse returned his greeting enthusiastically and said “here he is – all yours!”  He handed the reins of the bay horse to my father. 

                                                                        
 At the moment, I was shocked to hear that we were actually going to own a horse…a family riding horse…a great looking quarter horse…  Mi padre had a smile which touched all of us.  He then smiled at me – extended the reins of the bay toward me and said “es para ti!”  For the next 5 minutes, I probably thanked mi padre 100 times.  

The 4 years that we lived on that farm were made even more memorable by the love and respect we had for mi padre.  He was interesting, dignified, kind and generous. Financially we were not well-off, but he showed us how to grow our own food and the value of hard work.  During those years we grew vegetables for the summer and canned them for the winter.  My father always made sure to grow plenty of vegetables for our family and anyone who visited us was sure to drive away with a carload of fresh or canned vegetables.  I assisted in the butchering of chickens and the processing of a slaughtered hog.  Mi padre also knew the art of curing ham and bacon.  We had a small smoke house on the property.  Producing butter was no problem and we always had hand-made tortillas to help sustain us.  In the fall and winter I was shown how to trap for wild rabbits.  

I have many personal memories of those years.  Mi padre to me was Superman.  When he worked the day shift, I could hardly wait to ask him the questions that I wanted answered when he came home. On more than one occasion I was told to let him finish his supper in peace, but he was always happy to share his view on a subject.  I had many questions about growing crops and the barn that we were building. The first 2 years we grew corn on the property. The Indians of Central Mexico around the time of the Aztecs, through experimentation gave the world the commodity today known as “CORN.”  Corn is grown in more countries in the world than any other crop.  It is grown more than all of the other crops (wheat, soybeans etc.) combined in North America . Corn has allowed many modern industries to gain unheard of wealth.  I remember how gold the corn we grew looked then as it was piled into large trucks and taken to market.  Mi padre then determined that the soil was rich enough to grow a good wheat harvest.  He was rewarded with a wheat harvest that lifted his spirits even higher. The wheat which we harvested that year was also a magnificent yellow-gold.  All of those experiences of farm-life made me want to know more, and what better person to ask than mi padre…  

Rosalio Padilla was born in San Juan De Los Lagos in the state of Jalisco , Mexico .  He came to the U.S. at the age of 5 in 1905.  He spent many years working as a laborer in the fields, railroad tracks and salt mines.  He never called in sick at work.  One hot day on the farm, I was close by when he passed out momentarily from the heat.  But he did not let a minor heat stroke stop him from reporting for work at the night shift.  He was employed by the Lone Star Cement plant for many years.  I recall the time he asked his compadre Jose Porras to help him clear a field which had a dozen trees, using axes.  I was amazed at the quick work they made of that project.  The sturdy arms which felled the trees had grown strong from driving steel spikes into railroad ties.  I stood in amazement holding the water bucket as wood chips started flying, seemingly everywhere.  

I will always love my father.  He passed away in 1985.  We never had an argument or cross word between us.  I recall how proud he was to see me graduate from Bishop Ward High School and the next morning he saw me off as I started working full-time in an office setting.  Later, he would proudly tell relatives that I actually went to work with a white shirt and a tie.  

I do remember telling him 23 months later that I had been accepted in a job at the Post Office and – now I would be working an evening shift.  This was not a “white collar” job but the job paid more than my previous clerk job.  I was making good money and I was depositing money in my bank account.  Mi padre took the news well and showed his faith in me by simply telling me that I knew what was best.  Seven months later, I asked him if he would drive me to the Olathe Naval Air Station the next day (on a Saturday).  I had to report there by 7 a.m. and I would be leaving for basic training.  I am certain that to him this was a sudden turn of events.  He did not question me.  I told him that I was now over 20 years of age and I felt the urgent need to volunteer for the military.  I was proud that my older brothers were Korean War veterans and I wanted to have the experience of serving my country before any more years elapsed.  

In Mid-November in 1960, mi padre left me off at the gate of the Naval Air Station.  We said good-by.  I was told to be there at 7 a.m. for further transportation.  I thought that I would go by bus, but a military person drove me to the train depot close-by and I was told to wait outside the small depot close to the tracks.  That was a strange feeling being the only one there, but soon a roaring train pulled up and came to a stop.  I did not have much time to prepare for the trip, but I was off to a new chapter in my life.  The train stopped in Kansas City for a few minutes for more passengers.  Then, we were headed for Chicago .  

There were not many other passengers.  Maybe passenger service was slow on Saturday’s.  A few hours later the temperature seemed to cool in the train as we crossed Northern Missouri into the state of Iowa .  I was the only person on the train going to Great Lakes Naval Station. During those shortened days of November, the sun soon started going down.  One young couple was also making the trip with what appeared to be a 3-year-old child.  It was during this time as it was almost dark and noticing that the couple looked about my age, I felt pleased then that I was not married at that age.  Mi padre met and married mi madre when he was 26 years of age.  I thought that since this was good enough for mi padre that is what I would do.  He definitely was my role-model.  One of his best qualities was that he was always at home, if he was not working.  To him, loyalty was very important.  There was plenty of time to think that night, as the long dark train rumbled along.  I briefly thought of the words of a co-worker at the post office, that “you could be making a big mistake – you should wait to be drafted…” Occasionally a light would twinkle out in the darkness. A light snow was falling.  I would miss my family and secure life in Kansas City , but mi padre understood my need to work on the priorities in my life.  

A few years later, at age of almost 25 I told mi padre that I was going to marry (Virginia Castillo).  In Spanish, he did not simply congratulate me, but he also told me that he thought I was prepared, and he added that “about anyone can get married, but the most difficult part is ensuring that you stay married.”  He wanted to make sure that I understood that marriage was for the committed and not for the unfaithful.  He was a smart man.

Rudy Padilla can be contacted at opkansas@swbell.net  

 




From Monterrey to the Highlands of Vietnam

By Rudy Padilla 

It was on a sunny day in late June of 1968 when a procession of cars which seemingly stretched for miles made its way toward Mount Cavalry Cemetery in Kansas City , Kansas. Pvt. Raymond Mora Jr. would be taken to his final resting place accompanied by his family and many friends.  

Only the loved ones he left behind could feel the horror of what happens in such a situation when a young life is cut short by war.  It is a pain that engulfs you - a pain that will not go away.  

Raymond Mora lost his life on June 11, 1968 in Vietnam as a member of the U.S. Marines.  Then a few days later he was accompanied back to Kansas City by his long-time friend Jose Chávez who was also a U.S. Marine at the time.  

The priest, family and friends surround the burial location.  The feeling of loss has taken its toll on all, especially the family.  The emotions and the loss of sleep seems to drain all energy.  Then the quiet cemetery is suddenly shocked by the magnified sound of rifles being fired; as the color guard give honor to their fallen comrade.  The sound of rifle fire startles and the sounds of weeping starts again.  

Caminos met Raymond Mora Jr. when he was 9 years of age.  
The place was his home at 638 Miami Avenue .  He loved Armourdale. Raymond Mora was 9 years old when he traveled from Monterrey , Mexico along with his father, mother, brothers and sisters to live in Kansas City , Kansas .  He would take the English version of his father’s name, Ramón Mora.  His sister Minerva recalls that Raymond very much wanted to come to Kansas City at that young age.  When he would see how beautiful the United States looked in the movies and on television, he wanted to experience it for himself.  

After arriving in Kansas City , he quickly made friends.  All who knew him, remember that he always was in a positive mood.  He was much like his father; handsome and with a good sense of humor.  When speaking with his elders, he was always polite - a gentleman.  

The Mora children after 2 years of public school, attended St. Thomas Catholic School, in Armourdale and then on to Bishop Ward High School.  After graduating from high school in 1967, Raymond attended the United Electronics Institute in Des Moines , Iowa for a year.  

His mother Maria Cruz recalls that at that time he was at a crossroads in his life.  The Vietnam War was at the boiling point in 1968 and he faced the possibility of going off to war.  He might not be able to finish being a student in Des Moines and also the possibility of marriage was now part of his future.  In the spring of that year, Raymond had made up his mind.  He would serve his country in its time of need by volunteering for duty with the U.S. Marines.  

On June 11, 1968 , U.S. Marines were carrying out ground assaults on well-hidden enemy troops in Vietnam - Pat Buchanan, the anti-Mexican Immigrant, former presidential candidate at that time was writing speeches for Richard Nixon in the comforts of the republican national headquarters.  The 3rd Battalion, 1st Marine Regiment did not have such luxuries on that day.  Among the many casualties was Raymond Mora Jr. who one can only guess who he might later have become.  Beside his interest in electronics, he played guitar in a band and was very popular in the community.  

A future community leader or future college graduate?  Now, we will never know.  

Many years have passed since that June day at Mount Cavalry Cemetery in 1968, but Raymond is thought of every day.  His sisters and brother remember:  

Ruth, “My brother Raymond, was very compassionate; always wanting to help others, never wanting to see anyone suffer.  I remember reading a letter from Vietnam which was delivered after his death; which he wrote in the midst of a terrible time for him.  He talked about missing us but mostly of how sorry he felt for all the children there.  I miss him and there is always something that reminds me of him constantly.”  

Minerva, “I mostly remember my brother’s smile and good humor.  I never remember seeing him angry.  He was a very caring person.  Raymond and I were the oldest of six and he always helped taking care of the rest.  I remember mostly his sad eyes after he came home from boot camp.  There was something in his eyes he wanted to tell us, that he kept deep inside (that he felt he was never to return home).  I love my brother.  He was my best friend.  I know when I had a problem all I had to do was talk to him and he gave me guidance.  I love my brother.  He is always near me.”  

Mary, “Being the youngest of six, Raymond was very protective of me.  He never liked my brothers and sisters to tease me.  He always ran up to me and gave me a great big hug as if I had been away for days; when it was only hours.  I enjoyed his laugh and his smile was contagious.  He loved music and I loved hearing him play his guitar.  I overheard his conversation with his friends: that he felt like he would not return home.  Before he left he saw me cry and promised me he would return home.  Many deceased soldiers never were found in order to be sent back home to their loved ones.  I was blessed in that my brother made it back home for me to see him one last time; and blessed that the Pope had blessed his casket on his way home.  He looked handsome as ever in his dress blues and now, every time I see a flag or hear our national anthem, I think of my brother.  I miss seeing him but he is always in my mind and forever in my heart.”  

César, “I can only say good things about my brother.  What I remember most is the fun we had playing basketball after school.  Also, when practicing the guitar with him on week-ends with his group, “The Infernos.”  We were very close.  He was a good brother and I still miss him very much.”  

Raymond loved children.  He would take his baby cousin down the street in his arms to show her off to his neighborhood friends.  If he were with us today he would most likely demand that we stand up for this beautiful country; take care of our elderly and protect the young.  

In his brief 19 years of life on earth, Raymond C. Mora Jr. gave all he could give for his country the U.S. - his love of family.  Even today, 40 years later, those who knew him will never let his memory be forgotten.  

Rudy Padilla can be contacted at opkansas@swbell.net

 

 


EAST COAST 

Eighth, annual Battle of Bloody Mose Commemoration 


 


Assault on Fort Mose, June 1740 by Jackson Walker http://jacksonwalkerstudio.com ,
from the collection of the Florida National Guard. 

Eighth, annual Battle of Bloody Mose Commemoration 


In the early morning hours of June 26, 1740, the village of Gracia Real  de Santa Teresa de Mose (mo-SAY), the first, legally sanctioned free black settlement in the continental U.S., became the site of the bloodiest battle in Florida's part in the War of Jenkins Ear. 

That day saw Florida's Spanish soldiers, black militia, and native Yamassee auxiliaries locked in a clash of empires with invading English and Scottish troops from Georgia, a battle that culminated in desperate, hand-to-hand fighting as Fort Mose, St. Augustine's northern-most defense, burned around the adversaries. 

The decisive Spanish victory at Bloody Mose was one of the factors that ended British Georgia's invasion of Spanish Florida.

On Saturday, June 17, 2017, Florida Living History, Inc. along with the Fort Mose Historical Society  www.fortmose.org  and Fort Mose Historic State Park www.floridastateparks.org/fortmose , will host the eighth, annual Battle of Bloody Mose Commemoration.

The award-winning Battle of Bloody Mose historical re-enactment will take place from 10AM to 3PM at Fort
Mose Historic State Park 15 Fort Mose Trail; St. Augustine, Florida; 32084. 

White, black, and Native American re-enactors and volunteers from across the state and the Southeast will participate in this Event,  which will include: Period musket and artillery drills; period foodways demonstrations;
Two re-enactments of the Battle of Bloody Mose (at noon and 2PM); colonial Florida crafts demonstrations;
and more!

The National Park Service has named the annual Battle of Bloody Mose Commemoration as a Member
Program of the National Underground Railroad Network to Freedom  www.nps.gov/ugrr .
Admission to this heritage Event is free. There is a Museum admission fee of $2.00 per adult; children age 5
and younger are free.

     

Photographs from internet: courtesy of Florida Living History, Inc. 
and  photographers
John Alison and Terri Newsman

The Battle of Bloody Mose heritage Event is sponsored by the 501(c)(3) non-profit, educational Florida Living
History, Inc., by The Fort Mose Historical Society, and by Fort Mose Historic State Park, in partnership with the
National Park Service/Castillo de San Marcos, and with the support of volunteers from the Fort Mose Militia,
Fort Frederica National Monuments Herons Company/42nd Regiment of Foote, Deep Forest Historical Native
American Programs, and other historical re-enactment groups from across the southeastern United States.

Financial support for this Event is provided,
in part, by the Florida Humanities Council  www.flahum.org/, the state affiliate of the National Endowment for the Humanities, and 
by the continuing generosity of FLH's donors.

Founded in St. Augustine, Florida, in 2009, Florida Living History, Inc. (FLH), is a community based, non-profit 501(c)(3) organization of volunteers dedicated to educating the public about Florida's colonial and territorial history, using living-history programs, demonstrations, and recreated portrayals of significant historical events.
FLH's numerous heritage Events are funded solely through corporate/private donations, FLH fund-raising, and state/national grants. No local public funds are utilized.

Florida Living History, Inc.  a 501(c)(3) non-profit,  supports educational initiatives that promote a greater understanding and appreciation of Florida's, and Americas, rich and diverse heritage. Educational organization dedicated to the support of living history activities, events, and portrayals related to the history of colonial Florida. 

Print:
https://fr.pinterest.com/paullea1/spanish-colonial-18c/ 

 www.floridalivinghistory.org  https://www.facebook.com/pages/Florida-Living-History-Inc/258911030802706 

NOTE: Parking at Fort Mose Historic State Park is limited. Additional parking will be available behind Arnold's
Restaurant, just north of Fort Mose Trail (on the right) and in the gravel lot behind Schooner¡¦s Restaurant, just
south of Fort Mose Trail (on the right). Shuttle service to and from the park will be provided from these off-site
parking facilities.  

Florida Living History, Inc. partners in the Eighth, annual Battle of Bloody Mose Commemoration include:
The St. Augustine Historical Societywww.staugustinehistoricalsociety.org/;
The St. Johns Cultural Council www.stjohnsculture.com/ ;  And others!


CONTACT: Dr. Richard Shortlidge
info@floridalivinghistory.org 



CARIBBEAN REGION

Through the Eyes of Rebel Women, The Young Lords: 1969-1976
Meneito (means to wiggle) with Dance
The Jewish Conquistadors by Edward Kritzler



Through the Eyes of Rebel Women, The Young Lords: 1969-1976

By Iris Morales,  The NiLP Report (May 21, 2017)

 

================================== ==================================
It took eight years to produce the film, ¡Palante, Siempre Palante! The Young Lords, which documents conditions of poverty and racism that gave rise to the Young Lords and organizations such as the Puerto Rican Socialist Party, El Comité, the Puerto Rican Student Union, and others in the United States during the 1960s and 1970s. Most funders had no interest in the film, but Latinx young people believing in the importance of this history assisted in efforts to complete it. In 1996, the documentary was broadcast on national public television to an estimated one million viewers. More than twenty years later, it continues to introduce audiences to the Young Lords and the Puerto Rican social justice movements of the sixties.

For the 40th anniversary of the founding of the Young Lords in New York, El Diario La Prensa published "Mujeres de los Young Lords" sparking renewed interest in the women members. Women joined to fight poverty, racial and gender inequality, and the colonial status of Puerto Rico. We understood that the inequities lived by women of color were never solely based on gender; rather, they were the result of intersecting oppressions of class, race, national origin, and the legacy of history. We also fought the "revolution within the revolution" insisting on a woman's right to share equally in all aspects of society and successfully moved the Young Lords Party to adopt feminist principles as central to its agenda. Several publishers expressed interest in the story, but none made a commitment.
A few years later, I created Red Sugarcane Press, a grassroots effort to publish works about the history and culture of the Puerto Rican, indigenous and African Diasporas in the Americas that from the time of enslavement to the present have triumphed through the courage and tenacity of many generations. The purpose was to produce works that inspire our communities, educate, and promote dialogue. Among our first publications were poetry collections and plays.

In October 2016, Red Sugarcane Press published Through the Eyes of Rebel Women, The Young Lords: 1969-1976, an introductory account and the first book describing the experiences of women. Believing in direct action, the women in the Young Lords were both community organizers and women's rights activists. We mobilized in poor neighborhoods demanding better living conditions and services, and joined in mass demonstration and dramatic takeo
​mimi​
vers of institutions. We formed women of color groups, fought sexist ideologies and practices, and built solidarity with African American, Chicana, and Asian feminists of color. We demanded reproductive justice and protested the mass sterilization of Puerto Rican women on the island and poor  women  in  the  US.  

Through the Eyes of Rebel Women
 highlights  this  undocumented herstory expanding the Young Lords narrative to include the activism of women members. In the Introduction, Dr. Edna Acosta-Belén, distinguished historian and women's studies scholar, summarized the book's main theme:
================================== ==================================
 "How the past is unveiled and represented by an oppressed group or community is an essential component of constructing a collective historical memory that inspires their present and future sphere of activism and resistance."

Through the Eyes of Rebel Women, The Young Lords: 1969-1976 was received with enthusiasm. The first public reading took place a few weeks after the 2016 US presidential election. Young and veteran activists, neighborhood residents, and artists gathered in Sunset Park, Brooklyn at UPROSE, an intergenerational, woman-led organization, promoting climate justice and sustainability. In the aftermath of an election that ushered in a neo-fascist regime, people arrived eager to share ideas about social justice movements and related themes discussed in the book.
Subsequent readings  at  colleges, community organizations, and  cultural centers  were  often paired  with  a  screening  of  ¡Palante,  Siempre  Palante!  These  presentations  created  an opportunity to examine the development of the Young Lords and the movements of the sixties, both successes and failures. 

 

The attendees were primarily young Latinx, African American, Asians, and progressive whites - a generation facing a different set of economic, political, and social conditions than in the 1960s with access to a powerful new technology that allowed instant communication with large audiences. They were familiar with the African American civil rights and black liberation movements, but most had little knowledge about the Latinx organizations of the  period.  They  were  interested  in  parallels  with  the  current  political  situation.  Seeking collective solutions, they asked, "What sources of power are available to disenfranchised people? What strategies and tactics galvanize and sustain people's movements?"

The Latinx participants at the events were supporters of Black Lives Matter. Many were also active in recent fights for the rights of immigrants, Muslims, LGBT, and transgender people, in campaigns for women's rights and reproductive justice, and in protests against the latest US government maneuvers in Puerto Rico. The activists understood the combined power of social media linked with direct organizing to mobilize people and build coalitions that could bring about social and institutional change.
Puerto Rican and other Latinx social justice movements exist within a long trajectory of struggle against exploitation, racism, and gender oppression. These his/herstories inspire young people to feel connected and see themselves as organizers who can battle injustice and mobilize our communities toward a more just and equitable society. These collective stories are insufficiently documented, and a younger generation is looking for them.
Iris Morales  is a long-time  educator,  social justice activist, and attorney.  She was a leading member  of the Young Lords for five years and can be reached at  redsugarcanepress@gmail.com. For more information, visit www.redsugarcanepress.com and https://irismoralesnyc. wordpress.com
______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ _____________
The NiLP Report on Latino Policy & Politics is an online information service provided by the National Institute for Latino Policy. For further information, visit www.latinopolicy. org. Send comments to editor@latinopolicy.org.
National Institute for Latino Policy (NiLP), 25 West 18th Street, New York, NY 10011-1991

Sent by Dorinda Moreno   pueblosenmovimientonorte@gmail.com 


Meneito (means to wiggle) with Dance

"Wow ! Fantastic!  I want to live in Puerto Rico!" writes Oscar Ramirez . . . 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wANwIUxifyg&feature=youtu.be  

I loved the women carry themselves, their head, their backs, proud and in full control. . .  beautiful.   ~ Mimi

 




The Jewish Conquistadors
EDWARD KRITZLER

The Jewish Conquistadors


Read an excerpt from Ed Kritzler’s Jewish Pirates of the Caribbean, which reveals an unknown chapter in buccaneer lore—the saga of the Iberian Jews who escaped the Spanish Inquisition, set sail for treasure, and seized a New World colony.

At the dawn of the Age of Discovery when Spain’s monarchs banished them to purify and thereby unite their nation, followers of the Law of Moses sailed with the explorers and marched with the conquistadors. With the discovery and settlement of the New World, they took solace in the hope of finding there a haven, or at least putting distance between themselves and the Holy Terror. Unlike other pioneers, they had no “home” to return to and were among the first foreigners to permanently settle the New World. Going about as bona fide Christians, most carried their secret to the grave. The adventures of some who didn’t paint an extraordinary tableau of their time. They include the first Jew burned in the New World and others, men and women, who joined in the conquest of Mexico.  It made no difference if one was a true convert, an atheist, or a covert Jew. All were subject to prosecution.

Heretic Conquistador

Hernando Alonso had it made. Six short years after serving with Cortez as a carpenter’s assistant, “hammering nails into the brigantines used in the recapture of Mexico,” he had become the richest farmer in the new Spanish colony. While most soldiers of his rank received nothing more from the conquest than “the cost of a new crossbow,” Alonso was awarded a large tract of land north of Mexico City. Turning it into a pig and cattle farm, Alonso became the biggest supplier of meat to the colony.

In September, 1528, it was reported that Alonso, now 36, and getting as portly as his beef in emulation of his commander, “swaggered about in a belt of refined gold he had exacted from the natives.” He had good reason: In March, his contract to supply meat to the colony had been renewed by Cortez himself and he had taken a new wife, the “very beautiful” Isabel de Aguilar.

This information on Hernando Alonso comes from the trial records of the Spanish Inquisition. On 17 October 1528, Alonso became the first person in the New World to be burned alive at the stake. Alonso was a Jew, a secret Jew, as was his deceased first wife Beatriz, the sister of Diego Ordaz, one of Cortez’ five captains. His undoing came when a Dominican friar charged that years before in Santo Domingo he had secretly observed Alonso and Beatriz, following their son’s baptismal ceremony, “washing the boy’s head with wine to cleanse him of the Holy Water.” When threatened with torture, Alonso confessed that after the wine ran down the child’s body and “dripped from his organ,” he caught it in a cup and drank it “in mockery of the sacrament of baptism.”

Cortez had no part in the arrest of Alonso. After approving Alonso’s contract, he left for Spain to answer trumped-up charges of misrule. In his absence, a rival faction in the colony conspired with the powers of the Inquisition and introduced the “Holy Terror” to the New World. The holier-than-thou Inquisitors who considered Aztecs savages for sacrificing prisoners to their gods atop their Great Pyramid chose the plaza fronting the site, where a lofty edifice of the True Church had replaced the pyramid, to consign the heretic to the flames.
In a time of carefully arranged marriages, Hernando Alonso would not have married Beatriz Ordaz without the blessing of her brother. Diego Ordaz, one of the outstanding figures of the Conquest, was the first man to climb the volcano Popocatepetl and look upon the Valley of Mexico. Mesmerized by what seemed to be a floating city, he compared it to a vision out of the chivalric tale Amadis de Gaul, the sword and sorcerer book of the time.

Before joining up with Cortez, Alonso and Diego were in Cuba but on far different rungs of society. Alonso was a blacksmith in town, while Diego and his sisters lived in the governor’s mansion, where he served as majordormo. Despite this all-important class difference, Beatriz married the blacksmith. Apparently decisive was the one thing they did share, a common ancestry. Cortez’ captain wound up his days gathering pearls off the Venezuela coast, only to be poisoned by rivals in 1532. Although much is written about him, nowhere is it mentioned that he was a converso, much less a secret Jew. Like most conversos, Diego passed himself off an Old Christian, and went to his grave with his masquerade intact.

New World Jewesses

Senoritas were a rarity throughout the New World. With less than one Spanish woman for every 10 men, to marry one was considered a feather in the cap for the mostly poor, aspiring hidalgos. After Mexico’s conquest, some ladies felt the same about them. Most were servant girls who journeyed to New Spain to find themselves a newly rich husband. Exceptions were the four daughters of the royal treasurer Alonso Estrada, the natural son, or so he claimed, of King Ferdinand. Few women were as desirable as the Estrada sisters, who could choose from among many suitors, and it is therefore not surprising that they all married well. What is surprising is that their mother was from a well-known Jewish family and their husbands would have known of their wives’ blemished ancestry. That their progeny would also be stigmatized seems not to have mattered. Despite the aggressiveness of the Holy Fathers, and repeated decrees against conversos (converted Jews), they were able to keep their wives’ and children’s Jewish heritage secret. The same holds true of Beatriz and Diego Ordaz’s surviving sister. Only now is their story being reported.

As Beatriz, having accompanied her husband, lay dying during the siege of Mexico, her sister Francisca was by her side. The two were among only six Spanish women known to have accompanied the conquistadors during the fighting in Mexico. After the final victory, Francisca was observed enjoying a wild night of celebration. According to an eyewitness, Francisca and three other “adventurous women went gaily to dance with men still in their quilted armor.” It may well have been that night that she danced with her future husband, the son of Ponce de Leon, one of the legendary figures of the New World.

After Alonso’s undoing, Diego Ordaz was not about to fix up Francisca with another covert Jew. Instead he found Juan Gonzalez Ponce de Leon, a valiant suitor of noble, unblemished credentials. His father, the conqueror and governor of Puerto Rico, and discoverer of Florida, is forever known for what he searched for when he was getting old—the Fountain of Youth. His son was distinguished in his own right. Serving as a soldier under Ordaz’ command, Juan was the first man to reach the top of the main temple of Tenochtitlan and, despite being badly wounded, led a vanguard force that captured Montezuma. When Cortez asked him why, considering his injury, he had not withdrawn, but instead led the fight up the steps to Montezuma’s quarters, Juan answered: “Senor, this is not the time for men to be in bed.”

Juan was aware of Francisca lineage even before Alonso’s trial had exposed her sister as a judaizer (a false converso). For years he and Alonso were friends, and until Alonso’s flaming death the two men were partners. They shared an encomienda in Actopan in the modern state of Hidalgo, about 60 miles north of Mexico City, where Alonso had his farm.
Alonso Estrada’s Wife & Daughters

In 1522, King Charles V appointed his alleged uncle Alonso Estrada as the colony’s royal treasurer, perhaps the most important position in the rich territory. It was a common belief he was the bastard son of King Ferdinand, the result of a liaison with Donna Luisa de Estrada, the daughter of Don Fernan, Duke of Aragon, when both were teenagers. Raised in Ferdinand’s court, Alonso inherited the title Duke of Aragon and sided with Charles V when he was contending for the Crown. While some Internet postings speculate that he had Jewish ancestors, his wife certainly did. It was widely known that Marina Gutierrez Flores de la Caballeria was from an old Jewish family whose wealth has been compared to the Rothschilds'. Although both sides of her family had converted to Catholicism, for three generations they were condemned as judaizers. Donna Marina, having secured a forged affidavit attesting to her pure blood, followed her husband to Mexico.

Following his death in 1531, she cemented her place in colonial society by marrying off her daughters to two of Mexico’s prominent conquistadors. The youngest, Beatrice Estrada, married Vasquez de Coronado, who (with his wife’s money) set off to find the fabled seven Golden Cities of Cibola. Although the object of his search never was, in the process Coronado was the first to explore America’s Southwest and discovered the Grand Canyon. Luisa, the oldest, became the wife of Jorge de Alvarado, a conqueror of Mexico and governor of Guatemala. The two other Estrada sisters likewise married nobility. What do these marriages portend? Since the Jewish ancestry of their mother-in-law was known, and that her Old Christian certification was a sham, it apparently did not overly concern them that their children would no longer be of pure blood.

In the first four decades of the Age of Discovery, known conversos were involved in nearly every venture as explorers, pilots, and conquistadors or behind the scenes as financiers, ship owners, and administrators. Since all Spanish conversos were forbidden in the New World, it made no difference if one was a true convert, an atheist, or a covert Jew. All were there illegally and therefore subject to prosecution. Today with the advent of Sephardi websites, the Jewish roots of other early pioneers are being disclosed in postings by their descendants. They include the first cowboys in America, but that is another story for another time.

Edward Kritzler is a historian and a former New York-based reporter. He lives in Kingston, Jamaica. He is the author of Jewish Pirates of the Caribbean (Doubleday)

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Francisca Ordaz


 

INDIGENOUS

1882: Tom Torlino, a Navajo man, transforms his look 
May 18th, 1871 - Attack on wagon train precipitates decisive Indian war

American Indians are Still Getting a Raw Deal
Native Americans Walk to the Four Corners to Fight Diabetes by Judy Sarasohn,



memory lane, historical photos


1882: Tom Torlino, a Navajo man, transforms his look at the 
Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Pennsylvania.

 

 



 
May 18th, 1871 -- Attack on wagontrain precipitates decisive Indian war

On this day in 1871, more than 100 Kiowas, Comanches, Kiowa-Apaches, Arapahoes, and Cheyennes from the Fort Sill Reservation in Oklahoma attacked Henry Warren's wagontrain on the Butterfield Overland Mail route. They killed the wagonmaster and six teamsters and allowed five to escape. The Indians, who suffered one dead and five wounded, returned to the reservation. One of the escaped teamsters reached Fort Richardson, where he told his story to General Sherman and Colonel Mackenzie. Chiefs Satank, Satanta, and Big Tree, leaders of the raid, were subsequently arrested. Satank was killed while trying to escape, and Satanta and Big Tree were tried by civil courts in Texas (the first time Indians had been tried in civil courts), found guilty, and sentenced to hang. Governor Edmund Davis commuted the Indians' sentences to life imprisonment. 

The raid caused General Sherman to change his opinion about conditions on the Texas frontier, thus ending his own defensive policy and the Quaker peace policy as well. Sherman ordered soldiers to begin offensive operations against all Indians found off the reservation, a policy that culminated in the Red River War of 1874-75 and the resulting end of Indian raids in North Texas.

 


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Click above or here to watch this video

American Indians are the poorest of all of America’s ethnic groups. They’re plagued by severe poverty, high crime, and disturbing levels of alcoholism. Why is this happening? In short, because the government tried to help them. By setting aside land and creating rules in order to preserve the American Indian way of life, Congress and agencies like the Bureau of Indian Affairs have actually made it almost impossible for American Indians to prosper. 

In this video, journalist and author Naomi Schaefer Riley explains how the government has again caused a “trail of tears.”

Want to know when Dennis Prager is having another Fireside Chat the moment it begins? Join our text list for free!



Native Americans Walk to the Four Corners to Fight Diabetes
By Judy Sarasohn, HHS (Public Affairs) May 10, 2017 

American Indians left their western tribal communities on foot to gather at the Four Corners Monument in an effort to raise awareness of health disparities. Photo Credit: Courtesy of the Indian Health Service (IHS).

================================== ==================================
American Indians left their western tribal communities on foot to gather at the Four Corners Monument in an effort to raise awareness of health disparities.

American Indians left their western tribal communities on foot to gather at the Four Corners Monument in an effort to raise awareness of health disparities. Photo Credit: Courtesy of the Indian Health Service (IHS).
Photo Credit: Courtesy of the Indian Health Service (IHS).

Hundreds of American Indians left their western tribal communities early in the morning on Friday, May 5th, on a journey that would take them to Four Corners. They walked as many as 20 miles to meet up at the Four Corners Monument to promote their people’s health and well-being.
The walkers represented the Navajo, the Ute, the Zuni and other Tribes, and walked in from New Mexico, Arizona, Utah and Colorado to gather where those states share a common boundary—the only place in the United States where four states meet. This was the 21st annual Walking Together for Healthier Nations event, co-sponsored by Navajo Area Indian Health Service (IHS) facilities—the Shiprock Service Unit, Four Corners Regional Health Center, and the Northern Navajo Medical Center—as well as the Ute Mountain Ute, Southern Ute and White Mesa tribal communities.

The purpose of the annual walk is to raise awareness of the health disparities and challenges that Native people face, particularly with diabetes. Rita King, a Ute Mountain Ute member and coordinator for the Sleeping Ute Diabetes Prevention program at the IHS facility in Towaoc, Colorado, said 11 percent of her Tribe suffers from either type 1 or type 2 diabetes.
The Tribe, she said, promotes exercise, good nutrition and other preventive actions including community activities like the Walking Together event to fight diabetes. “Walking is free. It’s good to get out, meet old friends, make new ones,” King said.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and IHS, Native Americans have a greater chance of diabetes and kidney failure resulting from diabetes than any other U.S. racial or ethnic group. But the CDC also reported recently - PDF that kidney failure among Native Americans dropped by 54 percent between 1996 and 2013, the fastest rate for any racial or ethnic group in the U.S.

This hard-fought progress in reducing kidney failure has happened since the IHS began using population health and team-based approaches to diabetes and kidney care, according to the CDC and IHS.

American Indians left their western tribal communities on foot to gather at the Four Corners Monument in an effort to raise awareness of health disparities. Photo Credit: Courtesy of the Indian Health Service (IHS).
Photo Credit: Courtesy of the Indian Health Service (IHS).
“If we can start now educating the young people, we can beat this diabetes,” added Kenny Frost, a Southern Ute from Ignacio, Colorado, who carried a staff of eagle feathers representing all the Tribes. He said traditional blessings for the gathering at Four Corners.

That they could tie in health awareness with their cultural and traditional ways was important. “Walking with the Tribes into the park and going around the monument was great,” Frost said, noting that the Utes were welcomed into the monument area by a group of Navajo veterans. “When we do something like this, it’s a part of history.”
Kenny James, a Navajo from Shiprock, New Mexico, said walking is an important and enjoyable way to stay healthy. “I do a lot of hiking. I like to participate with a group.” He’s 62 and said he did all 19 miles of his group’s route. A veteran of the Marines and state and reservation law enforcement, James said this was his second year on Walking Together. He wore the wrong shoes last year and suffered from blisters; this year he wore light hiking shoes and had no problems.

American Indians left their western tribal communities on foot to gather at the Four Corners Monument in an effort to raise awareness of health disparities. 

Roberta Diswood, a recreation specialist with Shiprock Health Promotion at Northern Navajo Medical Center, agreed that the walk promotes good health and well-being. She coordinated a group of about 100 Navajo and some non-Native people who made the 21-mile journey from northwest New Mexico to Four Corners.
American Indians left their western tribal communities on foot to gather at the Four Corners Monument in an effort to raise awareness of health disparities. Photo Credit: Courtesy of the Indian Health Service (IHS).                                           Photo Credit: Courtesy of the Indian Health Service (IHS).


Harold Cuthair, 56, chairman of the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe, also participated in the walk and said he encourages tribal leaders, staff and the community to participate in healthy activities. “Health is a priority in our lives and [important] today, tomorrow and in the future. … [O]ne thing my heart, soul and mind tell me is anything is possible. I walked all the way!”

Participating in healthy activities doesn’t end with the great walk, stressed Eli Bigthumb, a Navajo and a recreation specialist for the Crownpoint Service Unit who coordinated a group of 88 Navajo walkers for a related event on May 3rd. Ten walked the entire 27-mile route from Pueblo Pintado to Torreon, New Mexico. Bigthumb said, “This is a kickoff point for our spring and summer season.”

Sent by Dorinda Moreno 
pueblosenmovimientonorte@gmail.com


 

SEPHARDIC

The Jewish community in Greece, the oldest community in Europe
Mexico and Moral Courage:  Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Jerusalem’s Reunification
Herencia Sefardi, Pobladores y sus descendientes del Valle del Guajuco lo que ahora es Allende N,L.

Outstanding History of Spain, "Family De Riberas" available on Somos Primos. Compiled through personal family history research by Michael Perez, who traced his roots back to his Jewish heritage, go to:

 

During his time in Israel, Trump became the first sitting president in history to visit the Western Wall.


The Jewish community in Greece, the oldest community in Europe” 
By Victor Eliezer, European Jewish Press

================================== ==================================
The ancient Romaniote Jewish community in Greece dates back to the 3rd Century BCE, while waves of Sephardim began arriving from Spain and Portugal beginning in the 14th century.  The Jewish community was more than decimated by the Holocaust, and today the surviving remnant of 5,000 finds itself combating anti-Semitism from the far-right and the extreme-left. 

How are Greek Jews fighting back? 
With “educational programs and Holocaust history teaching.”

 



"Birkat Kohanim” by Alex Levin

Mexico and Moral Courage:  
Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Jerusalem’s Reunification
&  Honoring Ambassador Andrés Roemer’s Stand for Jerusalem at UNESCO

May 21st at 7:00 P.M.
Center for Jewish History
15 W 16th Street, New York, NY 10011

================================== ==================================
In honor of this year’s Yom Yerushalayim, the 50th anniversary of the liberation and reunification of the Jewish People’s eternal capital, ASF is awarding the International Sephardic Leadership Award to former Mexican Ambassador Andrés Isaac Roemer Slomianski. When confronted by the recent UNESCO resolution that sought to erase Jerusalem, Israel’s Jewish and Christian history, Ambassador Roemer knowingly risked his position to voice and vote his conscience, leaving the voting hall instead of following the instructions he had received. While the resolution still passed, Ambassador Roemer did not forget Jerusalem and his moral courage convinced several countries, including his own, to seek to reverse the resolution’s ill–considered position against historical truth and the possibility of peace.
Featuring remarks by Mexican Consul General at New York Diego Gomez-Pickering and Professor Ephraim Isaac

The American Sephardi Federation is a partner of the Center for Jewish History (15 West 16th St., New York, New York, 10011).   American Sephardi Federation | http://www.AmericanSephardi.org | info@americansephardi.org | (212) 548-4486   Copyright © 2017 American Sephardi Federation, All rights reserved.

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?u=9ee686c09238e3a1fb7447ee7&id=7d04e24336&e=eb97863b1f
 



"Herencia Sefardi, Pobladores y sus descendientes 
que habitaron la parte mas Oriental del Valle del Guajuco lo que ahora es Allende N,L."

================================== ==================================
March 11, a meeting held in Mexico by the Genealogía de México in Museo Municipal de Historia de Allende, Nuevo Leon.  Presentation was on the subject and title of the book : 

Interesante Libro basado en un trabajo para lograr la Ciudadania Española comprobando la ascendencia Sefardi de una Familia de la localidad, al lograr la Ciudadania te conviertes en Ciudadano de la Union Europea con muchas ventajas, esta plenamente comprobado que la mayoria de los apellidos de la Región son de ascendencia Sefardí que vinieron a poblar el Nuevo Reyno de León, eran Judíos que tenían siglos de vivir en España conservando sus costumbres que todavia hace poco tiempo existian por estas tierras.

Al llegar a nuestras tierras abrazaron la religion Católica, ¿quien no escuchó decir en lugar de Juzgado: "Jusgao", "ansina" por asi, "en ca" por en casa de, "ocupao" por ocupado, "paca" en lugar de paraca, "Sia" por Silla, "Estrea" en lugar de Estrella, etc., etc.,

El gusto por el Cabrito, los Dulces de Leche, las bodas en los patios de las casas con enrramadas de carrizo, en fin muchas costumbres que trajieron de España, ademas la costumbre de acostarse temprano y levantarse de Madrugada, Gente trabajadora y Emprendedora,

Los autores del Libro son:
Benicio Samuel Sánchez García
Presidente de la Sociedad de Genealogíca y de Historia Familiar de México
Lic Yuri Parra, Vicepresidente de la citada Sociedad
Lic Oscar G Salazar, Eduardo Rios
y un Servidor Jorge Salazar, Coordinador de los Trabajos.

La Edicion es de la Editorial San Agustin del Contador Ramiro Montalvo Tamez, la Edicion esta a cargo del Maestro Jose Luis del Bosque.

El Maestro Israel Cavazos poco antes de Morir nos hizo llegar una valioso Mapa antiguo del Nuevo Reyno de Leon que es el que va en la Portada, El marestro Isarel Cavazos deseó presentar este libro, y la contraportada es una Hermosa Fotografia de nuestro Pueblo de Pepe Guzman.

Gracias al Apoyo de los Hermanos Gustavo, Gudelio y Gerardo Cavazos Marroquin y a sus Distinguidas Esposas, el Libro no tendrá costo para los que lo adquieran ese Dia.

La Presentacion del Libro correra a cargo del Estimado Lic Juan Jaime Gutierrez, el Conde de Agualeguas, Gran Conocedor del Tema.


Nuestra pagina web oficial la encuentras en http://www.Genealogia.org.mx
yudanos donando un poco  https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr?cmd=_s-xclick&hosted_button_id=RMCWU7BKWCT2Q



ARCHAEOLOGY

 

Humans were in America (California) 100,000 years earlier than we thought
Earliest dental fillings discovered in 13,000-year-old skeleton
New Evidence of Mysterious Homo naledi Raises Questions about How Humans Evolved


Humans were in America 100,000 years earlier than we thought

The remains of a mastodon discovered during a routine excavation in California shows possible human activity in North America 130,000 years ago -- or about 115,000 years earlier than previously thought.

Paleontologists with the San Diego Natural History Museum discovered the remains of the elephant-like animal more than 20 years ago. But it wasn't until now that scientists were able to accurately date the findings, and possibly rewrite the history of the New World as we know it.

"This is a whole new ball game," Steve Holen, co-director of the Center for American Paleolithic Research and the paper's lead author, told CNN. The discovery changes the understanding of when humans reached North America.



These are some of the Mastodon bones found at the excavation site.

================================== ==================================
The study, to be published this week in the science journal Nature, said the numerous limb bones fragments of a young male mastodon found at the site show spiral fractures, indicating they were broken while fresh.

The scientists say they found what appear to be hammerstones and stone anvils at the site, showing that ancient humans had the manual skill and knowledge to use stone tools to extract the animal's marrow and possibly to use its bones to make tools.
An 'incredible odyssey'The discovery took place in 1992 by museum paleontologists, who were doing routine work at a freeway expansion in San Diego County. The site was named Cerutti Mastodon site, in honor of Richard Cerutti, who made the discovery and led the excavation.

Museum paleontologist Tom Deméré, who was involved in the excavation and has also been part of this study, said the project took five months and covered almost 600 square feet.


"We early on realized that this is a special site," said Deméré, adding later the group was "salvaging fossils as they were being found."

Five large stones, which were used to break the bones and teeth of the mastodon, were found alongside the animal's remains, according to the study. The site also contained fossils of other extinct animals, including dire wolf, horse, camel, mammoth and ground sloth.
The findings  Scientists specialized in various fields, from archaeology to the environment, have done research at the Cerutti site since its discovery.

Advanced radiometric dating technology allowed scientists to determine the mastodon bones belong to the Late Pleistocene period, or 130,000 years old, with a margin of error of plus or minus 9,400 years.



Broken bone fragments show evidence that humans were around 
much earlier than previously thought.

"The bones and several teeth show clear signs of having been deliberately broken by humans with manual dexterity and experiential knowledge," Holen said in a press release.

Experts agreed that the earliest records of human ancestors in North America is about 15,000 years old, but the discovery of the Cerutti site "shows that human ancestors were in the New World ten times that length of time," said paleontologist Lawrence Vescera.

"This site really nails it because the evidence is really clear."

What the science community saysThe study's findings have been met with some skepticism.
The consensus among experts is that humans settled in North America from Asia by crossing the Bering strait about 20,000 years ago.
John McNabb, an archaeologist at the University of Southampton, UK, told Nature he questions how humans crossed the wider sea line between northeastern Siberia and Alaska 130,000 years ago.  "Until we actually find a skeleton at this site, or at the site of a comparable age in the America, it's all open to speculation and we just don't know," McNabb said.

The 11 scientists involved in the study told CNN it's too early to tell the impact of the new findings. For now they want the general audience to see it and understand it, and for their peers to study it -- and even challenge it.

The archaeological treasures found at the Cerutti site will be on display at the San Diego museum. And a partnership with the University of Michigan will allow for even more people to see 3D models of some of the specimens at their Online Repository of Fossils.


Earliest dental fillings discovered in 13,000-year-old skeleton
By Megan Gannon, Live Science Contributor
Published April 25, 2017

Archaeologists discovered a 13,000-year-old skeleton with two front teeth that have big holes in the surface that reach down to the tooth's pulp chamber.  (Stefano Benazzi)

You might wince at the sight of your dentist holding an electric drill over your mouth. But, you can be thankful she's not using a stone tool instead.  That is what the most advanced dental care looked like thousands of years ago. By studying teeth at archaeological sites, scientists think that prehistoric humans came up with a variety of resourceful solutions to dental problems: people drilled out cavities, sealed crown fractures with beeswax, used toothpicks to relieve inflamed gums and extracted rotten teeth.
================================== ==================================
Now, researchers report that they've discovered what is perhaps the oldest known example of tooth-filling at an ice age site in Italy. 

Archaeologists unearthed the skeletal remains of a person who lived about 13,000 years ago at Riparo Fredian, near Lucca in northern Italy. The person's two front teeth (or upper central incisors) both had big holes in the surface that reach down to the tooth's pulp chamber.
 
Researchers recently analyzed horizontal striations inside the tooth holes, and concluded that these scratch marks were most likely produced by the scraping and twisting of a hand-held tool. This ice age person was probably in pain from necrotic or infected tooth pulp inside the teeth; seeking relief, they might have intentionally scooped out the decayed tissue, enlarging their cavities in the process, according to the study published online March 27 in the American Journal of Physical Anthropology.
But the dental work didn't end there. Inside the tooth cavities, there were traces of bitumen, a tar-like substance that might have been used as an antiseptic or a filling to protect the tooth from getting infected, the researchers said. 

Alejandra Ortiz, a postdoctoral researcher at Arizona State University's Institute of Human Origins who wasn't involved in the study, said she finds the authors' argument for dentistry highly convincing.
 
"Until now, the earliest evidence of dental filling came from a 6,500-year-old human tooth from Slovenia ," Ortiz told Live Science. "This new finding adds another piece of information for a possible emergence of oral health practices before modern carbohydrate-rich diets led to an enormous increase in dental caries ," also known as cavities.
 

 

Study co-author Stefano Benazzi, an archaeologist at the University of Bologna, said that the only earlier example of such paleo-dentistry comes from a nearby site. A few years ago, Benazzi and his colleagues also studied this specimen , a 14,000-year-old tooth from Villabruna in northern Italy with a scraped-out, but not filled, cavity.
 
Benazzi told Live Science that these examples from Villabruna and Riparo Fredian attest that something was changing during this time. Scientists have increasing evidence suggesting that during the late upper Paleolithic, some dental diseases, like cavities, were on the rise in some populations , which could be related to changes in diet, food processing or culture, Benazzi said.
 
"Actually we do not know, but maybe the increase of dental problems drove some populations to develop dental treatments," Benazzi added.

 




New Evidence of Mysterious Homo naledi Raises Questions about How Humans Evolved

By Kate Wong 
Scientific American, May 10, 2017

The much-anticipated dating of the enigmatic species, along with stunning new fossils, 
challenge key assumptions about human evolution


Partial skull of Homo naledi has been recovered from the Rising Star cave system in South Africa. Previously discovered remains of this primitive species have now been dated to between 236,000 and 335,000 years ago. Credit: John Hawks Wits University

In 2015 researchers caused a sensation when they unveiled more than 1,500 human fossils representing some 15 individuals, male and female, young and old, discovered in South Africa. It was an almost unimaginable bonanza, one of the richest assemblages of human fossils ever found, recovered from a chamber deep inside an underground cave system near Johannesburg called Rising Star. From it, the team was able to deduce the bones belonged to a new species, Homo naledi, which had a curious mix of primitive traits, such as a tiny brain, and modern features, including long legs. They determined it was a capable climber, a long-distance walker, a probable toolmaker. And they suggested this peculiar cousin of ours might have taken great pains to dispose of its dead in the pitch-dark, hard to reach recesses of Rising Star.

Yet for all that the team was able to glean from the bones, the discovery is perhaps best known for what the researchers could not ascertain: its age. The creature’s primitive characteristics suggested it was old, perhaps hailing from a time close to when our genus, Homo, originated, more than two million years ago. But its modern traits, along with the condition of the bones, which seemed to be only barely fossilized, hinted that H. naledi lived more recently. Depending on the age, the bones would have different implications for understanding how Homo evolved.

Now that long-awaited piece of the puzzle has finally fallen into place. In a paper published today in eLife, the team reports it has dated the remains of H. naledi. And their age, it turns out, is decidedly young. The researchers also announced the discovery of yet more fossils of H. naledi in a second chamber in Rising Star. The findings raise intriguing questions about the origin and evolution of Homo. 

Researchers led by Paul H.G.M. Dirks of James Cook University in Australia determined the age of the original remains using a combination of techniques. Importantly, they were able to date the H. naledi fossils themselves, as opposed to just associated materials, subjecting three teeth to electron spin resonance (ESR) dating, which looks at the electrons trapped in tooth enamel, and uranium–thorium dating, which measures the radioactive decay of uranium. Those results, along with dates obtained for the surrounding rock and sediments, indicate the bones from the Dinaledi Chamber that yielded the original fossil haul are between 236,000 and 335,000 years old. The team had several labs independently date the same samples without knowing one another’s results to help ensure accuracy.

Skeleton of H. naledi individual dubbed “Neo” is one of the most complete early human fossils ever found.
 Credit: John Hawks Wits University

In a second paper, also published in eLife, John Hawks of the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Marina Elliott of the University of the Witwatersrand in Johannesburg and their colleagues describe 131 new H. naledi specimens representing at least three individuals from another part of the cave system, the Lesedi Chamber, located about 100 meters from the Dinaledi Chamber. Most of the bones belong to an adult male, nicknamed Neo, which means “gift” in the local Sesotho language. With the better part of a skull as well as bones from most other regions of the body preserved, Neo is one of the most complete fossil human skeletons on record. And he exhibits the same distinctive traits seen in the much more fragmentary Dinaledi remains, although his skull housed a brain with a volume of around 610 cubic centimeters—9 percent larger than the brain size estimates for the previously discovered Dinaledi fossils but still much smaller than the average modern human brain size of around 1,400 cubic centimeters. The researchers have yet to date the new fossils. They note, however, that the strong similarities between the Dinaledi and Lesedi specimens suggest they represent individuals from the same population.

Armed with these new findings, Hawks, project leader Lee Berger of the University of the Witwatersrand and their collaborators are raising their bets on controversial claims they made on the basis of the first set of H. naledi fossils. Despite the young age of the bones from the Dinaledi Chamber, the scientists maintain H. naledi’s primitive features link it to much earlier members of the human family. H. naledi may have emerged at around the same time as H. erectus and other early Homo species, they say, or even given rise to H. erectus or H. sapiens. In these scenarios the Rising Star fossils would simply represent a more recent chapter of the long history of H. naledi.

If the researchers are right, southern Africa may have played a more prominent role in the evolution of the lineage leading to us than most experts have envisioned. Received paleoanthropological wisdom holds that east Africa was the hub of human evolution and southern Africa was on the sidelines. But Berger has long pushed the idea that southern Africa might have played a more central role in the forging of Homo. In this latest effort to advance that notion he and his co-authors marshal evidence from other animals to make the case that subequatorial Africa was the center of the evolutionary action. 
In addition to shaking up the family tree and the biogeography of human evolution, Berger and his team are taking on enduring ideas about the behavior and cognitive abilities of seemingly primitive human species. They contend the discovery of more bones in another difficult to access part of the cave system supports their hypothesis that H. naledi deliberately placed its dead in these locales. Such mortuary behavior was thought to be exclusive to large-brained H. sapiens. The researchers also note the new dates for H. naledi indicate it lived at a time when human ancestors were making sophisticated stone tools in the Middle Stone Age tradition. Many of the sites where archaeologists have discovered these tools do not contain any human fossils. Experts have typically assumed that large-brained humans made the implements. But if H. naledi was around at that time, Berger and his co-authors suggest, it cannot be excluded as a toolmaker. To date, the team has not recovered any stone tools in association with H. naledi, however.

Click to enlarge. The new H. naledi fossils come from the recently discovered Lesedi Chamber, which is located about 100 meters from the Dinaledi Chamber that yielded the first set of H. naledi bones. Both chambers are extremely difficult to access, leading researchers to propose that this small-brained human species cached its dead in these remote locales. Credit: Marina Elliott Wits University

Experts not involved in the new work say the discoveries are exciting, but expressed some doubts about the team’s interpretations such as the suggestion southern Africa was the hotbed of evolutionary diversification for many mammals, including humans. “Mammalian species diversity is today higher in east Africa than it is in southern Africa,” says paleoecologist J. Tyler Faith of the University of Queensland in Australia. “And much of the evidence that they discuss—particularly points concerning the geographic and genetic history…of African mammals—is usually interpreted as indicating that east Africa is a cradle for diversity and evolutionary innovation whereas southern Africa is analogous to a museum that conserves that diversity through time—not the other way around.” Faith also does not buy the argument H. naledi could have given rise to H. sapiens. “If the dates are correct, then H. naledi is a classic example of an evolutionary dead end,” he asserts, noting the similarities to the miniature human “hobbit” species Homo floresiensis that lived on the Indonesian island of Flores until around 50,000 years ago. “[H. naledi] couldn’t possibly have given rise to living human populations today.”

Nor is it clear the new fossils from the Lesedi Chamber necessarily support the case for mortuary behavior in H. naledi. When Berger’s team formulated that scenario, they based it in part on the fact the Dinaledi Chamber contains only a smattering of tiny animal bones. If the humans had instead fallen into the cave, for example, one would expect to find bones of many more kinds of animals that met a similar fate, including larger ones. Paleoanthropologist Mark Collard of Simon Fraser University in British Columbia observes that the Lesedi chamber contains more fossils of other animals, including some of medium size, which could suggest that H. naledi ended up in there by some means other than intentional disposal.

The team’s suggestion that H. naledi might have made Middle Stone Age tools found in the region has likewise elicited skepticism. Archaeologist Curtis Marean of Arizona State University says the hypothesis is reasonable, but not strong. “If this [species] was a stone tool maker, then it seems almost impossible to me that no stone tools made it into the caves with them,” he comments.

Collard, for his part, gives more credence to the idea. “We’ve had a simplistic understanding of how the archaeological record relates to fossils,” he remarks. “We need to think about the possibility that naledi was involved in the production of one or more of these cultures.” Collard notes that both Neandertals and early H. sapiens made the same kinds of so-called Middle Paleolithic tools in the Near East. Maybe multiple species, including small-brained H. naledi, made Middle Stone Age tools, too. In that case, scientists will need to reconsider the longstanding notion that brain size drives complexity of behavior. Collard thinks there is good reason to do so: “The history of paleoanthropology is littered with deeply rooted assumptions that have been overturned by new discoveries."  Rights & Permissions

Kate Wong is an editor and writer at Scientific American covering paleontology, archaeology and life sciences.  Credit: Nick Higgins

For visuals . . .do google search>
Rising Star cave system in South Africa.

 

   


MEXICO


Rarámuri runner wins Puebla ultramarathon
Goliad, Texas is the official site in the State of Texas for observing the Cinco de Mayo  
Mexico's Temporary Program for Regularization of Migrants (TPRM)
Tracing My Roots in Ganajuato, Leon, and Silaos Haciendas and Ranchos (1734-1945) by
        Mauricio Javier González 
Registros de matrimonio de don Manuel y don Josè Leonardo Salinas Fernàndez
Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Aramburu (1783 – 1824)
El bautismo de Blas Antonio, Marìa de Couto
Nacimiento de Escritor e Historiador y Cronista de Monterrey Don Josè P. Saldaña
Bautismo del niño Maximiliano Miguel Lòpez y Castillo
Arts of Colonial Mexico. May/June 2017
Señor General don Francisco Garcìa Conde.
Archivos eclesiásticos de México
Majestuosos Penachos Aztecas en la fiesta de la Santa Cruz


Rarámuri runner wins Puebla ultramarathon

Indigenous woman ran the 50 kilometers wearing a skirt and very basic sandals

 

================================== ==================================

It has taken more than two weeks for the word to get out, but today the news is circulating quickly about a 22-year-old Rarámuri runner who won an ultramarathon April 29 in Puebla.

María Lorena Ramírez, considered one of the fastest long-distance runners from the Rarámuri indigenous community in Chihuahua, won the females’ 50-kilometer category of the Ultra Trail Cerro Rojo, in which 500 other runners from 12 countries participated.

But unlike her fellow contestants, Lorena completed the course with neither sports equipment nor professional preparation. For clothing she wore a skirt, hat and kerchief. For shoes, a pair of basic sandals with soles made from recycled tire rubber.

Carrying only a bottle of water, Lorena ran the 50 kilometers in seven hours and three minutes.

“She carried no special accessories,” said race organizer Orlando Jiménez. “She didn’t bring any gel, nor energy sweets, walking stick, glasses or those very expensive running shoes that everyone wears to run in the mountains. Just a bottle of water, her hat and a kerchief.”

A Puebla community website provided even more details.

Lorena ran “without a hydration vest, without running shoes, without Lycra and compression socks, without any of those gadgets used by the runners of today.”
Nor were her kilometers published by Nike or on Facebook, the site added.

Lorena, whose job is herding goats and cattle, walking 10-15 kilometers with her livestock every day, won second place last year in the 100-kilometer category of the Caballo Blanco ultramarathon in Chihuahua.

Running is in the family of the young woman from Guachochi. Her father, her grandfather and various brothers and sisters run, too. One brother also ran on April 29, both of them having been provided support by organizers so they could attend, traveling for more than two days from the Chihuahua town to Tlatlauquitepec, site of the event.

Lorena’s win was accompanied by 6,000 pesos in cash.

Source: Televisa (s)

Sent by Juan Marinez
jmarinezmaya@gmail.com  



Honored beyond words to have been asked to be the keynote speaker at yesterday’s 73d Cinco de Mayo ceremonies in Goliad, TX.  Goliad is the official site in the State of Texas for Cinco de Mayo.) 

Sponsored by the Sociedad Ignacio Zaragoza, in attendance were Mayor Trudia L. Preston, area community leaders, plus several groups from Mexico, including a sharp co-ed military band & drill team.  

Based on historical fact & strong family values rooted on both sides (ambos lados), there is more that unites us than separates us.  We are the same people (Somos la misma gente).  Viva El Cinco de Mayo; Viva Goliad son, General Ignacio Zaragoza.  

If you wish to learn more, please visit Goliad.  The very impressive Gen. Ignacio Zaragoza statue is located within walking distance from La Bahia Presidio and his homestead.  When you go, recommend you dine at La Bahia Restaurant next door. 

Saludos,  José Antonio “Joe” López 
 jlopez8182@satx.rr.com 




Mexico's Temporary Program for Regularization of Migrants (TPRM)

================================== ==================================

Mexico is moving forward with an initiative to regularize certain unauthorized migrants. Launched on January 9, 2017, the Temporary Program for Regularization of Migrants (TPRM) aims to give legal status to at least 10,000 irregular migrants who have been in the country at least two years. This would account for nearly all immigrants in Mexico illegally, according to estimates from the Instituto Nacional de Migración (INM).

This is the second time legalization has been carried out since Mexico overhauled its immigration laws in 2011. During the last regularization, in 2015, 82 percent of the 4,000 applicants gained legal status. The current iteration provides beneficiaries with work permits, in addition to the temporary four-year residence visas and a path to permanent status that were also features of the 2015 program. The process costs migrants around 800 pesos (about US $43), and will be open until December 19, 2017.

 

The program is consistent with a quiet, yet transformative shift in regional dynamics: the transition of Mexico from a country of emigration to one of immigration, transit, and return. Apprehensions of Mexicans seeking to cross the U.S. border illegally dropped to a near 50-year low in fiscal year 2015, and since the Great Recession more Mexicans have returned than migrated to the United States. In a further shift, gang violence and endemic poverty in Central America in recent years have propelled an uptick in migrants—particularly children and families—transiting through Mexico to the United States. Since the U.S. election, however, a growing number of Central Americans have applied for asylum in Mexico.

The Migration Information Source is a project of the Migration Policy Institute,  a nonpartisan, nonprofit think tank in Washington, DC dedicated to analysis of the movement of people worldwide.

Copyright @ 2017 Migration Policy Institute. All rights reserved.
MPI | 1400 16th St. NW, Suite 300 | Washington, DC 20036
ph: (001) 202-266-1940 | fax: (001) 202-266-1900
source@migrationpolicy.org


 

 

 

Hi, Mimi,

I teach writing and reading in Laredo, Texas. I have been an educator since 1993. I started my teaching career at Memorial Middle School in Laredo. After earning my master’s degree in 2003, I began teaching at Laredo Community College.

I have a passion for genealogy. In addition to promoting my latest book, Tracing My Roots in Guanajuato, León, and Silao’s Haciendas and Ranchos (1734-1945), I recently I made two presentations about my book My Grandfather’s Grandfather: Tomás Rodríguez Benavides. The first took place in Zapata, in January. The Nuevo Santander Genealogical Society hosted it. The second happened in Laredo last month. The Joe A. Guerra Public Library and The Villa San Agustín de Laredo Genealogical Society organized it and hosted it.  

I have enclosed material about my latest book and the presentations I mentioned. Let me know if you need more information. If the Laredo Morning Times writes an article on my book, I will let you know. 

Thanks for everything, 
Mauricio J. González

 

Introduction

            The study of my father’s ancestry has four main parts. Part I consists of narratives and essays that relate the events that transpired as I researched my dad’s roots. They trace my steps from the time I first got the idea to take on this project. They also describe my use of microfilm to research church records without having to set foot in far-away churches. They recount my travels to Guanajuato throughout the 1990s and early 2000s. Finally, they explain how I resumed my research after relegating it for many years.

            Part II includes a synopsis of the places and history surrounding the lives of my ancestors in Guanajuato. It is meant to give the reader background information to understand how the lives of my ancestors unfolded during different eras and locations. My grandparents’ genealogies follow this brief history. Each ancestry begins with them and reaches as far back as the early and late 1700s, respectively. They traverse and branch out over several jurisdictions – Guanajuato, León, and Silao.

            Part III is a series of photographs and facsimiles that enhance the book’s content and promotes its authenticity. Most of the pictures are of me on my different trips to Guanajuato. A few are pictures from the past. They include a portrait of my paternal great-grandfather, Lucas González.

            Part IV is made up of appendices, mainly family tree fan charts, which help the reader navigate the parade of names that make up the genealogies in Part II. It also includes numerous tables, which serve as visual aids.  

                                                                                CONTENTS

Dedication                                                                                vii Introduction                                                                              xi  
Map of Guanajuato                                                                    xii

Part 1. Narratives and Essays                      
1. How I Almost Did Not Write This Book   
2. I Resumed My Research after Many Years   
3. The Written Legacy I Want to Leave Future Generations   
4. I Fell in Love with My Heritage                  
5. My Ancestors’ Places of Origin Up-Close     
6. My Grandfather Andrés González                
7. My Grandmother Tomasa Díaz                  


Part 2. History and Genealogies                 
The Places and History Surrounding               
The Lives of My Forefathers in Guanajuato 
                                                                            

1. Andrés González’s
Parents                                                                                                   

2. Andrés González’s Paternal Grandparents 
3. Andrés González’s Paternal Great-Grandparents                
4. Andrés González’s Paternal Second Great-Grandparents    
5. Andrés González’s Paternal Third Great-Grandparents       

6. Andrés González’s Paternal Fourth Great-Grandparents      
7. Andrés González’s Maternal
Grandparents                          

8. Tomas Díaz’s Parents                                                         
9. Tomas Díaz’s Paternal Grandparents                                   
10. Tomas Díaz’s Paternal Great-Grandparents                        

11. Tomas Díaz’s Paternal Second Great-Grandparents                                                        
12. Tomas Díaz’s Paternal Third Great-Grandparents                                                          
13. Tomas Díaz’s Paternal Fourth Great-Grandparents                                                         
14. Tomas Díaz’s Maternal Grandparents                                                                              
15. Tomas Díaz’s Maternal Great-Grandparents                                                                   
16. Tomas Díaz’s Maternal Second Great-Grandparents                                                        
17. Tomas Díaz’s Maternal Third Great-Grandparents                                                          

Part 3. Photographs and Facsimiles                                                                                

Part 4. Appendices
1. Andrés González’s Family Tree Fan Chart                                                                          
2. Nicolás González’s Family Tree Fan Chart                                                                         
3. Luisa Hernández’s Family Tree Fan Chart                                                                          
4. Mónico Velásquez’s Family Tree Fan Chart                                                                        
5. Eduvige Zepeda’s Family Tree Fan Chart                                                                           


6. Tomasa Díaz’s Family Tree Fan Chart                                                                               

7. Ricardo Saldaña’s Family Tree Fan Chart                                                                          
8. Carmen Salinas’ Family Tree Fan Chart                                                                              
9. José María Silva’s Family Tree Fan Chart                                                                            
10. Juana Corral’s Family Tree Fan Chart                                                                               


11. Andrés González and Tomasa Díaz’s
Children and Grandchildren                                    

12. Lucas, Amado, and Preciliana González’s Children and Grandchildren                              
13. Tomasa, Porfiria, and Marcelina Díaz’s Children 
(Mentioned in the Book)                        
14. Andrés González and Tomasa Díaz’s  Known Addresses in Silao, Guanajuato                  
15. Plácido, Domingo, a
nd Pedro González’s Places
of Residence during the 1850s               
16. The Gonzálezes in León’s Jurisdiction during the 1700s                                                   
17. My González Lineage: 12 Generations                                                                              
18. The Saldaña and Salinas Family Members   (Mentioned in the Books)                               

19. Four Generations of Silvas                                                                                               

Sources                                                                                                                                    
Index: 

The book is available at palibrio.com, barnesandnoble.com, and amazon.com. 
Paperback: 134 pages   |   Publisher: Palibrio (March 29, 2017)   |   Language: English
ISBN-10: 1506518869   |   ISBN-13: 978-1506518862   |   Product Dimensions: 6 x 0.3 x 9 inches

http://bookstore.palibrio.com/Products/SKU-001130405/Tracing-My-Roots-in-Guanajuato-Len-and-
Silaos- Haciendas-and-Ranchos-17341945.aspx
 


Family surnames to be found on these pedigrees, and your potential primos: 
Anguiano, Bustos, Caudillo, Corral, Díaz, González, Hernández, Jaramillo, Juárez, Montes, Oliva, Ortega, Plancarte, Reyes, Rivera, Saldaña, Salinas, Silva, Urquieta, Velásquez, Zúñiga.

Article in Laredo Morning Times, May 30, 2017
Local writer  pens book on family’s history 
By Andrea Castañeda
================================== ==================================
Mauricio Javier González has been revisiting his family’s past since 1990, and he continues totell the story of his roots in his most recent work, “Tracing My Roots inGuanajuato, León and Silao’s Haciendas and Ranchos (1734-1943.)”

In 1988, while preparing a death certificate for his paternal grandmother, González found himself among a story unfolding amid her birth and baptismal records.
The collection of records presented a past that
González was unfamiliar with and an interest in exploring his genealogy. “I would speak to her, yet I didn’t know any of this,” he said. “So that really opened my curiosity, and I started wanting to know more.”

González embarked on a journey to his past, beginning with his maternal grandparents. González invested 10
years with them absorbing their stories and discovering
his mother’s lineage, which he recounts in his first three
books.

His latest and fourth book is the first to focus on his father’s side. While researching his mother’s lineage, González gathered about 75 percent of information on his father’s family. The wealth of information was left
untouched until the recent rise of DNA testing reawakened González’s curiosity and led him toreturn to his research. He followed his father’s family history to Guanajuato, going back as far as 1825,but decided to go even further.
“I wasn’t satisfied with that, so I took it back to 1734,” he said. “Why let it go to waste? These records are still there and there are more ready to be discovered. I like doing that. I like discovering what’s already there. I
just need to go find it.” As González resumed his research, he discovered that family members had encountered historical figures like Miguel Hidalgo y Castillo, a leader of the Mexican War of Independence. 

González’s hobby of tracing his bloodline evolved into a passion and became a way of time traveling. “Symbolically, it brought me face-to-face with my ancestors,” he writes. “As I read their names on old church records at a Texas family history center equipped with microfilm readers, I felt that I was meeting them. 

Reading their names under my breath in awe was the equivalent of their actual person. Learning their ages, occupations and places of residence was like having
a conversation with them.”

González didn’t allow the chance of learning about his family members  from the past go by. He also didn’t let the chance to spend time with his own family go by either.  While González made numerous discoveries
about his family from the past, he also uncovered
the importance of being present with his family today.
“Here I am talking about family and then that just wouldn’t be right,” he said. “So that really hit me hard. It didn’t feel right because here I was spending more time with them (ancestors) than my alive relatives.” González composed his latest read to appeal to both the history buff and everyday reader. Narratives introduce the list of family facts and create a story among his path to the past. 

His book can be found at palibrio.com, amazon.com and barnesandnoble.com.
Contact Mauricio at gonzalezwicho80@gmail.com.

 




Matrimonio de don Manuel y don Josè Leonardo Salinas Fernàndez

Estimados amigos Genealogistas e Historiadores.  

Envìo a Uds. los registros eclesiásticos de matrimonio de don Manuel y don Josè Leonardo Salinas Fernàndez, hermanos  mayores de mi tatarabuelo materno don Josè Ramòn.  

Fuentes Family Search. Iglesia de Jesucristo de los Santos de los últimos Dìas.  Iglesia Parroquial de Nuestra Señora de Guadalupe del Valle de las Salinas. Salinas Victoria, N.L.  

Dn. Manuel Salinas y Da. Ma. Gertrudis Villarreal. Españoles. Casados y velados.   Martinez.

“En diez y nueve de Junio de mil setecientos noventa y tres años, en esta Parroquia de Salinas, abiendo precedido las diligencias establecidas por derecho el examen de Doctrina Cristiana y leidose las tres amonestaciones como manda el Santo Concilio de Trento, los días nueve, trece y diez y seis de el presente no abiendo resultado impedimento canónico, yo el Cura propietario assisti con presencia de dos testigos D. Francº. de la Garza y Francisco Fuentes sacristan, al matrimonio solemne infacie eclesie de Dn. Manuel Salinas español originario del Vallecillo y vecino en Ygueras, ijo lexmo. de Dn. Salvador Salinas y de Da. Francª. Laurel, con Da. Ma. Gertrudis Villarreal española, originaria y vecina en Martinez, ija lexma. De Dn. Santiago Villarreal y de Da. Juana Guerra. Y en el mismo dia vendeci su matrimonio según Ritos de la Santa Yglesia. Francº. de la Garza”.

 

Josè Leonardo Salinas y Ma. Teresa Villarreal. Españoles. Casados y velados. Martinez.

“En veinte y nueve de Noviembre de mil setecientos noventa y ocho años, abiendo precedido las diligencias establecidas por derecho el examen de Doctrina cristiana y leidose las tres amonestaciones como manda el Santo Concilio de Trento los días doze, quinze y diez y nueve de Agosto no aviendo resultado canonico impedimento. Yo el Cura propietario assisti con presencia de dos testigos Jose Xavier Serda y Tomas Gomez sacristan al matrimonio solemne infacie eclesie de Josè Leonardo Salinas español, originario del Vallecillo y desde su infancia avecindado en Ygueras,  ijo de Josè Salvador Salinas,  y de Ma. Francª. Fernandez con Ma. Teresa Villarreal española, originaria y vecina de los Martinez, ija lexma. de Josè Santiago de Villarreal y de Juana Guerra y en el mismo dia vendeci este matrimonio según Ritos de la Yglesia. Br. Francº. de la Garza”.

Transcribo como està escrito. 
Hacienda de San Antonio de los Martinez= Marìn, N.L.

Investigò y paleografiò, Tte. Corl. Intdte. Ret. Ricardo R. Palmerìn Cordero. M.H. Sociedad Genealògica y de Historia Familiar de Mèxico y Sociedad de Genealogìa de Nuevo Leòn.

 

 


Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Aramburu 
(1783 – 1824)

Nació: Valladolid (hoy Morelia), México, 
27 de Septiembre de 1783

Murió: Padilla, Tamaulipas, México, 
19 de Julio de 1824  a los 40 años.

 

 

Hijo de Don José Joaquín de Iturbide y Arregui, oriundo de Peralta y descendiente de la Casa de Iturbide de Irisarri, y de Doña Josefa de Aramburu y Carrillo de Figueroa. Este pasó a la Nueva España en 1766, y para 1786 ya era dueño de una hacienda en Quirio y miembro del Consejo Municipal.


Sus abuelos: ​
Sebastián Arambúru Udizibar 1709 y Nicolasa Micaela Carrillo de Figueroa Villaseñor

Pariente del CURA MIGUEL HIDALGO Y COSTILLA GALLAGA MANDARTE Y VILLASEÑOR

El más joven de cinco hermanos, Agustín fue educado en el Colegio de San Nicolás, ingresando a la armada y nombrado subteniente a la edad de 14 años, en 1797. En 1805 se casó con la noble Doña Ana María Josefa de Huarte y Muñiz. Además de ser bonita, Ana María de Huarte y Muñiz era hija del acaudalado prócer y poderoso noble Isidro de Huarte, intendente provincial del distrito y nieta del Marqués de Altamira.
La boda del gallardo alférez de veintidós años con aquella bella mujer de apenas diecinueve, se celebr​
ó  en la catedral de Morelia el 27 de febrero de 1805. Ana María aportaba una sustanciosa dote de cien mil pesos, parte de la cual empleó el novio en comprar la hacienda de Apeo, en el pueblo de Maravatío.

continua en enlace...​
Fuente: ​
https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_de_Iturbide 
Enviado por> Dr. C. Campos y Escalante


Hola estimados amigos Genealogistas e Historiadores.

Envìo la imagen del bautismo de Blas Antonio, Marìa de Couto, 
Negro adulto que fuè comprado y traido de la Havana el año de 1816.



Fuentes. Family Search. Iglesia de Jesucristo de los Santos de los últimos Dìas.
Libro de bautismos del Sagrario de la Catedral de la Ciudad de Puebla de los Angeles.

“En la Ciudad de Puebla de los Angeles a veinte y tres de Julio de mil ochocientos diez y seis años: El Sr. Licenciado, y Maestro Don Joseph Marìa Troncoso de Lopez Bueno, Cura Rector del Sagrario de esta Santa Yglesia Catedral, Juez Provisor y Vicario General de este Obispado, bautizò solemnemente según previene el Ritual Romano en el bautismo de los adultos, à Blas Antonio, Maria de Couto, negro adulto, que fuè comprado y traido de la Havana: fuè su padrino, Don Joseph Marìa de Couto, y Miñon, à el qual advirtió su Sria. el parentesco espiritual que contrajo con su ahijado, y la obligación que tiene de zelar el que adelante en la instrucción de los rudimentos de Nuestra Santa Fe Catòlica y lo firmò. Josè Marìa Troncoso”.


Investigò.  Tte. Corl. Intdte. Ret. Ricardo R. Palmerìn Cordero.
M.H. Sociedad Genealògica y de Historia Familiar de Mèxico y Sociedad de Genealogìa de Nuevo Leòn.

Agrego fotos de la Catedral.



Civil del nacimiento del Ilustre Escritor e Historiador y Cronista de Monterrey 
Don Josè P. Saldaña,

 

Estimados amigos Genealogistas e Historiadores.  En Recuerdo de uno de los Grandes Historiadores de mi tierra ”El Estado de Nuevo Leòn”.  

Envìo a Uds. las imágenes del Registro del Estado Civil del nacimiento del Ilustre Escritor e Historiador y Cronista de Monterrey Don Josè P. Saldaña, así como la de su  bautismo en la Iglesia de la Purìsima de la Cd. de Monterrey, N.L

Fuentes. Family Search. Iglesia de Jesucristo de los Santos de los últimos Dìas.  
Juzgado del Registro Civil de Monterrey, N.L.

Josè Saldaña.

Acta 834. En la Ciudad de Monterrey à tres de Noviembre de mil ochocientos noventa y uno: ante mi el Juez Primero del Estado Civil presentò Don Josè Marìa Saldaña de treinta y tres años de edad à un niño à quien doy fè haber visto vivo que nació el dìa diez y nueve del pasado à las 0cho y media de la mañana en la calle de Ocampo casa número 28, y se le puso por nombre Josè Saldaña quien es hijo legìtimo suyo y de su esposa Doña Tomasa Treviño de veinte y dos años originaria de Bustamante y de esta vecindad. Abuelos paternos Encarnaciòn Saldaña y Juana Peña y maternos Marcos Treviño y Refugio Caso. Todo lo que en cumplimiento de la ley para que surta los efectos hice constar por la presente acta que leì al presentante y testigos Josè Zambrano y Francisco Villarreal, mayores de edad y de esta vecindad quienes de conformidad firmaron los que supieron conmigo el Juez. Doy Fè.= Santiago Saenz Rico.= Josè Ma. Saldaña. Josè G. Zambrano. Es copia que certifico. Santiago Saenz Rico.

Iglesia de la Purìsima de Monterrey, N.L.

No. 156. Josè Saldaña.

En la Vicarìa de la Purìsima de Monterrey, à los nueve días del mes de Diciembre Mil ochocientos noventa y uno; mi Vicario el Pbro. Anastacio Reyes, bautizò solemnemente à Josè, nacido el dìa diez y nueve de Octubre último hijo legìtimo de Josè Ma. Saldaña y Tomasa Treviño: fueron sus padrinos Leonardo Gonzàlez y Guadalupe Lozano, a quienes se les advirtió su obligación y parentesco espiritual. Y para constancia lo firmo.  Bartolomè Garcìa Guerra.


Investigò. 
Tte. Corl. Intdte. Ret. Ricardo R. Palmerìn Cordero. M.H. Sociedad Genealògica y de Historia Familiar de Mèxico y de la Sociedad de Genealogìa de Nuevo Leòn.   

 


Bautismo del niño Maximiliano Miguel Lòpez y Castillo


El Coronel de Caballerìa Don Miguel Lòpez y Castillo


Envìo la imagen del bautismo del niño Maximiliano Miguel, efectuado en la Capilla del Palacio Episcopal de la Ciudad de Puebla, fueron sus padres el Coronel de Caballerìa Don Miguel Lòpez y Castillo, Comandante del Primer Regimiento de Caballerìa de la Guardia Imperial “Regimiento de la Emperatriz” y la Sra. Doña Luisa Escarzaga y la Hoya; fuè su Padrino S.M. Maximiliano Primero Emperador de Mèjico.

Fuentes. Family Search. Iglesia de Jesucristo de los Santos de los últimos Dìas.
Libro de bautismos del Sagrario de la Catedral de la Cd. de Puebla, Pue.
Transcribo como està escrito.   Maximiliano Miguel.


En la Capilla del Palacio Episcopal de la Puebla de los Angeles à cinco de Enero de mil ochocientos sesenta y seis, el Yllmo. Sr. Dr. D. Carlos Ma. Colina y Rubio, Dìgnisimo Obispo de esta Diocesis, bautizò solemnemente puso oleo y crisma à Maximiliano Miguel, nacido el diez y seis de Diciembre del año anterior, hijo legìtimo del Sr. D. Miguel Lopez y Castillo, Coronel del Regimiento de la Emperatriz y de la Sra. Da. Luisa Escarzaga y la Hoya, hijos, el primero del Sr. D. Josè Ma. Lopez Barroso y la Sra. Da. Ma. de la Luz Castillo, y la segunda del Sr. D. Guadalupe Escarzaga y la Sra. Da. Guadalupe la Hoya. Fuè Padrino del niño S.M. Maximiliano 1º Emperador de Mejico, y por su especial poder el Sr. D. Alonso Manuel Peon, Prefecto Superior Polìtico del Departamento, à quien S.S. Yllma. significò el parentesco que el Augusto Padrino contrajo con su ahijado y la obligación anexa de educarlo cristianamente.

Acto continuo el mismo Yllmo. Sr. confirió al infante el Sto. Sacramento de la confirmación siendo Padrino el Sr. D. Juan Bages Notario publico del Ymperio. En fin de lo cual el Yllmo. Sr. Obispo firmò la presente partida ante mì el suscrito Cura propio menos antiguo del Sagrario de la Sta. Yglesia Catedral de esta Ciudad en cuya feè la firmè también. 

Nota. El 1er. Regimiento de Caballerìa de la Guardia Imperial de la Emperatriz estaba al mando del Coronel Don Miguel Lòpez, de conformidad con la Revista de Comisario pasada en Querètaro el dìa 1º de Enero de 1866, el citado Regimiento estaba integrado por la Plana Mayor y Cuatro Escuadrones, con los siguientes efectivos: 4 Gefes, 26 Oficiales, 316 elementos de tropa, 24 caballos de Oficiales, 290 de tropa y 8 Acèmilas.- Fuentes investigadas por el suscrito D.G.A. e H. S.H. SDN.

Investigò. Tte. Corl. Intdte. Ret. Ricardo R. Palmerìn Cordero.
M.H. Sociedad Genealògica y de Historia Familiar de Mèxico y de la Sociedad de Genealogìa de Nuevo Leòn. 


Las imágenes del Emperador Maximiliano Primero y la Emperatriz Carlota.

 





Arts of Colonial Mexico. May/June 2017

Hola,

In April we ended our series on Chiapas with a new look at the ruined priory of Tecpatán.  We then featured posts on the architecture and selected murals of early monasteries in the state of Morelos: at Tlaquiltenango, Oaxtepec and Atlatlahucan. We also included posts on some lesser known colonial churches of interest.
http://colonialmexico.blogspot.com
http://mexicosmurals.blogspot.com

Our May/June posts will cover a wide variety of colonial arts, including features on the architecture, sculpture, murals, paintings and churchyard crosses from locales across Mexico including Oaxaca and Puebla. 

Stay tuned and be surprised.

--
Arts of Colonial Mexico
http://colonialmexico.blogspot.com
http://mexicosmurals.blogspot.com

Sent by Richard Perry  rperry@west.net 

 




Señor General don Francisco Garcìa Conde.

Estimados amigos Historiadores y Genealogistas.

 

Envìo a Uds. las imágenes de los registros eclesiásticos investigados por el suscrito del bautismo y defunción del Señor General don Francisco Garcìa Conde.

Fuentes. Family Search. Iglesia de Jesucristo de los Santos de los últimos Dìas.

 

Libro de Bautismos de la Parroquia de Arizpe, Sonora.

 

“En la Parroquia de la Capital de Arizpe a los diez días del mes de Henero de mil ochocientos quatro, yo Fr. Juan Santiesteban, Capellan del Real Hospital de dicha ciudad por enfermedad del Sr. Cura, Bauticè solemnemente, Exorcisè y puse los Santos Oleo y Crisma à un niño de dos días nacido, a quien puse por nombre Francisco, Josè, Juliàn, Agustìn, hijo del Sr. Brigadier don Alexo Garcìa Conde, Gobernador Polìtico y Militar e Yntendente de estas Provincias, y de su esposa Doña Marìa Teresa Vidal de Lorca. Fueron sus padrinos el Rdo. P. Fr. Josè Agustìn Chirlin y Doña Marìa del Carmen Garcìa Conde: a quienes advertí el parentesco espiritual y la obligación que tienen de enseñarle lo que combenga para ser buen christiano y para que conste lo firmè. Josè Cayetano Salcido”.

 

 

 

Libro de Defunciones de la Parroquia del Sr. San Josè del Parral, Chih.

 

“En el Camposanto de esta Parroquia Sr. San Josè del Parral, à los quince días del mes de Octubre de mil ochocientos cuarenta y nueve: se diò sepultura eclesiástica al cadáver adulto del Sr. Gral. Dn. Francisco Garcìa Conde: de cuarenta y seis años, casado que fuè con Da. Concepciòn Humana, hizo disposición testamentaria: recibió los Sacramentos de penitencia, viatico, y extremaunción: murió del Colera; y pagò diez y nueve pesos dos reales derechos de fabrica. Y para que conste lo firmè. Josè Ma. Sanchez”.

 

Don Alexo Garcìa Conde, nació en Ceuta, España el 2 de Agosto de 1751; causò alta como Cadete de las Reales Guardias de Infanterìa Españolas el año de 1763, asistió a la Campaña de Argel y estuvo durante 4 años en el Sito y Asedio de Gibraltar;  en la Nueva España tuvo el cargo de Gobernador e Yntendente de las Provincias de Sinaloa y Sonora y también el de Comandante de las Provincias internas de Occidente. El Rey Fernando VII le otorgò las condecoraciones de San Fernando y San Hermenegildo, obtuvo el Grado de Mariscal, Governador de la Nueva Vizcaya; el 24 de Agosto de 1821 secundò en Chihuahua el Plan de Iguala.; fuè Caballero de la Orden de Guadalupe e Inspector General de Caballerìa.

 

El General don Francisco Garcìa Conde es el ancestro del Actor de la época de Oro del cine nacional Pedro Armendariz.

 

No confundirlo con su hermano el General don Pedro Garcìa Conde, nacido también en Arizpe y entre los diferentes cargos que ocupò en su carrera, fuè Director del Colegio Militar y de Ingenieros, Don Pedro se casò con su prima hermana doña Loreto Garcìa Conde hija de su tìo el General Don Diego Garcìa Conde (fundador de la Academia de Cadetes y Primer Director General de Ingenieros) y de Doña Marìa Luisa Maneiro Rodrìguez Monterde.

 

Investigò.

Tte. Corl. Intdte. Ret. Ricardo Raùl Palmerìn Cordero.

M.H. Sociedad Genealògica y de Historia Familiar de Mèxico y de la Sociedad de Genealogìa de Nuevo Leòn.

Enviado desde Correo para Windows 10

 




Archivos eclesiásticos de México

Big thank you to Benicio Samuel Sánchez García

Presidente de la Sociedad Genealógica y de Historia Familiar de México
  


Archivo Parroquial de San Vicente Ferrer
Estado de México, Chimalhualcán, México, Avenida Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz #8
Archivo Parroquial Natividad de Nuestra Señora  
Estado de México, Nezahualcóyotl, Coatepec Ixtapaluca, México, Avenida Morelos s/n
Archivo Parroquial Colegiata de Nuestra Señora de Guanajuato  
Guanajuato, León, México, Plaza de la Paz s/n
Archivo Parroquial Nuestra Señora de la Soledad
Guanajuato, Irapuato, México, Plaza Abasolo s/n colonia Centro
Archivo Diocesano Chilpancingo - Chilapa
Guerrero, Chilpancingo, México, Abasolo #3 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de Santa María de Guadalupe  
Guerrero, Malinaltepec, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Histórico del Ex Convento Franciscano y Parroquial El Sagrario
Hidalgo, Tulancingo de Bravo, México, Plaza de la Constitución s/n colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de San Francisco de Asís Tepeapulco
Hidalgo, Tepeapulco, México, Plaza de la Constitución s/n colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de Santa Catarina
Hidalgo, Xochiatiapan, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial Antigua Christ Church  
México, D. F., Miguel Hidalgo, Montes Escandinavos #405 colonia Lomas de Chapultepec
Archivo Parroquial Asunción de María
México, D.F., Milpa Alta, Avenida México s/n Pueblo Villa Milpa Alta
Archivo Parroquial de la Preciosa Sangre de Cristo  
México D. F., Iztacalco, Playa Villa del Mar #183 colonia Militar Marte
Archivo Parroquial de Nuestra Señora de los Dolores
México, D. F., Xochimilco, Camino a Nativitas #28 Barrio de Xaltocán
Archivo Parroquial de San Andrés Apóstol
México, D.F., Tlalpan, Morelos #104 Pueblo San Andrés Totoltepec
Archivo Parroquial de San Antonio de Padua Atzitzintla
México, D. F., Milpa Alta, Avenida 5 de Mayo #26 Pueblo de San Antonio Tecómitl
Archivo Parroquial de San Gregorio Magno  
México, D.F., Xochimilco, Avenida México y Cuauhtémoc #1 Pueblo San Gregorio Atlapulco
Archivo Parroquial de San Pedro Apóstol  
México, D.F., Milpa Alta, Quetzacóatl #3 Pueblo San Pedro Atocpan
Archivo Parroquial de San Pedro de Verona Mártir  
México, D. F., Tlalpan, Enseñanza y Lauren s/n Pueblo de San Pedro Mártir
Archivo Parroquial de Santa Cruz  
México, D.F., Xochimilco, Jardín Lázaro Cárdenas s/n Pueblo Santa Cruz Acalpixa
Archivo Parroquial de Santa María de la Natividad  
México, D.F., Xochimilco, Plaza Desiderio Peña e Hidalgo s/n Pueblo de Nativitas
Archivo Parroquial de Santiago Apóstol  
México, D.F., Xochimilco, Cuauhtémoc #23 Pueblo Santiago Tepalcatlalpan
Archivo Parroquial la Asunción  
México D.F., Iztapalapa, Veracruz #14 colonia Aculco
Archivo Parroquial San Antonio de Padua  
México D.F., Iztapalapa, Zacahuisco #160 colonia San Andrés Tetepilco
Archivo Parroquial San Bernardino de Siena  
México, D.F., Xochimilco, Avenida Nuevo León #24-Bis Barrio Santa Crucita
Archivo Parroquial San Felipe de Jesús  
México, D.F., Iztapalapa, Miguel Alonso Romero esquina Rafael Curiel s/n colonia Constitución de 1917
Archivo Parroquial San Matías Apóstol  
México D.F., Iztapalapa, Morelos # 40 colonia Culhuacán
Archivo Parroquial Santa Cecilia  
México, D.F., Xochimilco, Avenida Hombres Ilustres y Necaxa s/n Pueblo de Santa Cecilia Tepetlalpa
Archivo Parroquial Santa Isabel
México D.F., Iztapalapa, Sur 127 #118 colonia Santa Isabel Iztapalapa
Archivo Parroquial Santo Tomás Apóstol  
México, D.F., Tlalpan, Jardín Central s/n Pueblo Santo Tomás Ajusco
Archivo Parroquial del Santuario de Jesús Nazareno  
Morelos, Tepalcingo, México, Plaza Hidalgo s/n
Archivo Parroquial de San José  
Oaxaca, San José Lachigüiri, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial de San Juan Bautista
Oaxaca, San Juan Ozoloetepec, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial de San Juan Bautista  
Oaxaca, Juquila, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial de San Luis Amatlán  
Oaxaca, San Luis Amatlán, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial de San Mateo Río Hondo
Oaxaca, San Mateo Miahutlán Río Hondo, México
Archivo Parroquial de San Pablo Coatlán
Oaxaca, Coatlán, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial de San Pedro y San Pablo
Oaxaca, Ayutla, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial de San Pedro y San Pablo Teposcolula
Oaxaca, Teposcolula, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial de Santa María
Oaxaca, Tlahuilotepec, Mixe, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial de Santa María
Oaxaca, Santa María Ozoloetepec, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial de Santa María Asunción
Oaxaca, Tlacolula de Matamoros, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial de Santo Domingo Yanhuitlán
Oaxaca, Yanhuitlán, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial El Sagrario
Oaxaca, Huajuapan de León, México, Madero #2 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial Martín Tilcajete
Oaxaca, San Martín Tilcajete, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial San Andrés Apóstol
Oaxaca, Miahuatlán de Porfirio Díaz, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial San Jerónimo Tlacochahuaya
Oaxaca, Tlacochahuaya, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial San José Lachiguirí
Oaxaca, San José Lachiguirí, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial San Juan Bautista
Oaxaca, Tezoatlán, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial San Juan Bautista Ozolotepec
Oaxaca, San Juan Ozoloetepec, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial San Juan Teitipac
Oaxaca, Teitipac, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial San Mateo Río Hondo
Oaxaca, Río Hondo, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial San Miguel Arcángel
Oaxaca, Tlalixtac de Cabrera, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial San Pablo
Oaxaca, San Pablo Coatlán, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial San Pablo Anicano
Oaxaca, Huajuapan de León, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial San Pablo Apóstol
Oaxaca, Huajuapan de León, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial San Pablo Villa de Mitla
Oaxaca, Villa de Mitla, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial San Pedro
Oaxaca, San Pedro Juchatengo, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial San Pedro Quiatoni  
Oaxaca, San Pedro Quiatoni, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial Santa Ana
Oaxaca, Zegache, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial Santa Catalina
Oaxaca, Santa Catarina Minas, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial Santa Catalina
Oaxaca, Juquila, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial Santa María de la Asunción
Oaxaca, Piaxtla, México, Domicilio Conocido
Archivo Parroquial Santa María de la Asunción
Oaxaca, Chila de las Flores, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial Santa María de la Natividad
Oaxaca, Tamazulapan, Huajuapan de León, México, Domicilio Conocido
Archivo Parroquial Santa María Ozolotepec
Oaxaca, Santa María Ozoloetepec, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial Santiago
Oaxaca, Huajolotitlán, Huajuapan de León, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial Santo Domingo
Oaxaca, Santo Domingo Tonalá, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial Santo Domingo
Oaxaca, Ocotlán de Morelos, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Conventual de Monasterio de Santa Catalina
Puebla, Puebla, México, 3 Norte #201 colonia Centro
Archivo del Convento de Carmelitas Descalzas de San José y Santa Teresa
Puebla, Puebla, México, 17 Oriente y 16 de Septiembre
Archivo Parroquial de El Sagrario
Puebla, Tezihutlán, México, Avenida Hidalgo y Allende s/n colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de El Sagrario Metropolitano
Puebla, Puebla, México, 13 Oriente #204
Archivo Parroquial de El Sagrario, Teziutlán
Puebla, Teziu-tlán, México, Avenida Hidalgo y Allende s/n colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de Evangelista San Marcos
Puebla, Puebla, México, Avenida Reforma y 9 Norte colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de la Asunción Acapetlahuacan
Puebla, Atlixco, México, Circunvalación Tláloc #2 colonia Ricardo Treviño
Archivo Parroquial de la Resurrección del Señor
Puebla, La Resurrección, México, Plaza Principal s/n colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción
Puebla, Molcaxac, México, Avenida 16 de Septiembre #3
Archivo Parroquial de Nuestra Señora de la Asunción
Puebla, Tlatlauquitepec, México, Reforma #80 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de San Agustín obispo
Puebla, Chiautla, México, Avenida 5 de Mayo #1 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de San Andrés 
Puebla, Hueytlalpan, México, Apartado Postal #71 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de San Antonio de Padua 
Puebla, Atzinzintla, México, 2 de Abril #3 colonia Centro 
Archivo Parroquial de San Francisco de Asís 
Puebla, Cuetzalan del progreso, México, Apartado Postal #25 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de San Francisco de Asís 
Puebla, Tepeaca, México, Avenida Morelos Norte #102 colonia Centro 
Archivo Parroquial de San Francisco de Asís Ixtacamaxtitlán 
Puebla, Ixtacamaxtitlan, México, Domicilio Conocido 
Archivo Parroquial de San Francisco Totimehuacán 
Puebla, San Francisco Totimehuacán, México, 3 Sur s/n colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de San José 
Puebla, Olintla, México, Avenida Vicente Guerrero s/n colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de San José Amixtlán
Puebla, Amixtlan, México, Avenida 16 de Septiembre #4 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de San Juan Bautista
Puebla, Acatlán de Osorio, México, Domicilio conocido 
Archivo Parroquial de San Juan Bautista 
Puebla, Libres, México, Avenida Colón #655 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de San Juan Bautista 
Puebla, Epatlán, México, Reforma s/n colonia Epatlán 
Archivo Parroquial de San Juan Evangelista 
Puebla, Zacapala, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial de San Juan Bautista Tianguismanalco
Puebla, Tianguismanalco, México, 2 Norte #2 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de San Mateo Chichiquila 
Puebla, Chichiquila, México, Avenida Uruapan s/n colonia Centro 
Archivo Parroquial de San Miguel Huejotzingo 
Puebla, Huejotzingo, México, Domicilio Conocido
Archivo Parroquial de San Nicolás de los Ranchos 
Puebla, San Nicolás de los Ranchos, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial de San Pedro
Puebla, Zacatlán, México, Portal del Congreso #1
Archivo parroquial de San Pedro Zacapoaxtla 
Puebla, Zacapoaxtla, México, Verduzco #4 
Archivo Parroquial de San Salvador el Seco
Puebla, San Salvador el Seco, México
Archivo Parroquial de Santa Ana
Puebla, Santa Ana Xalmimilulco, México, Plaza Principal #1 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de Santa Clara
Puebla, Ocoyuca, México, Calle Principal #1 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de Santa María de la Asunción
Puebla, Tochimilco, México, Libertad #10
Archivo Parroquial de Santa María de la Asunción
Puebla, Acajete, México, Ayuntamiento #29 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de Santa María de la Asunción
Puebla, Izúcar de Matamoros, México, 5 de Mayo #28 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de Santa María de la Asunción
Puebla, Amozoc, México, 2 Oriente #2 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de Santa María de la Asunción
Puebla, Tetela de Ocampo, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial de Santa María de la Natividad Atlixco
Puebla, Atlixco, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial de Santa María de la Natividad Cuyoaco
Puebla, Cuyoaco, México, Hidalgo #1 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de Santiago
Puebla, Nopalucan, México, Avenida Rafael Méndez Moreno s/n colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de Santiago Apóstol
Puebla, Zautla, México, 16 de Septiembre#121
Archivo Parroquial de Santiago Apóstol Chignahuapan
Puebla, Chignahuapan, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial de Santiago Tecali
Puebla, Tecali de Herrera, México, 2 Sur #1 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de Santo Ángel Custodio
Puebla, Puebla, México, 7 Oriente #1202 Barrio de Analco
Archivo Parroquial de Santo Domingo
Puebla, Huehuetlán el Grande, México, Ayuntamiento s/n Barrio Analco
Archivo Parroquial del Señor San José
Puebla, Santa Cruz, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial San Andrés Apóstol
Puebla, Calpan, México, Amargura y Cajas s/n
Archivo Parroquial San Andrés Apóstol
Puebla, Cholula, México, 3 Oriente #2 colonia Centro de San Andrés
Archivo Parroquial San Jerónimo
Puebla, Xayacatlán, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial San Juan Bautista
Puebla, Cuatinchán, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial San Juan Bautista Ahuacatlán
Puebla, Ahuacatlán, México, 17 de julio s/n colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial San Juan Evangelista
Puebla, Acatzingo, México, 16 de septiembre #205 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial San Lorenzo Chiautzingo
Puebla, Chiautzingo, México, Constitución #6
Archivo Parroquial San Martín Texmelucan
Puebla, San Martín Texmelucan, México Hidalgo Oriente #1 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial San Pedro Xeloixtlahuaca
Puebla, Xeloixtlahuaca, México Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial Santa Cruz
Puebla, Chigmecatitlán, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial Santa Isabel Cholula
Puebla, Cholula, México, Cuauhtémoc #7
Archivo Parroquial Santa María Asunción, Coronango
Puebla, Coronango, México, 5 de mayo #1
Archivo Parroquial Santa María de los Reyes
Puebla, Huatlatlauca México, El Mirador s/n y Avenida de la Paz colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial Santa María Magdalena
Puebla, Quecholac, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial Santa María Totoltepec
Puebla, Totoltepec, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial Santiago Apóstol
Puebla, Petlalcingo, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial Santo Domingo de Guzmán
Puebla, Tepexi de Rodríguez, México, Avenida 6 de Septiembre s/n
Archivo Parroquial de Santa María Chigmecatitlán
Puebla, Chigmecatitlán, México, Avenida Independencia s/n colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial Nuestro Padre Jesús
San Luis Potosí, Salinas del Peñón Blanco, México, Juárez #2
Archivo Parroquial de Nuestra Señora de Ocotlán
Tlaxcala, Ocotlán, México, Hidalgo #1
Archivo Parroquial de Nuestra Señora Santa Ana
Tlaxcala, Chiautempan, México, Parque Hidalgo #18
Archivo Parroquial de San Felipe Apóstol
Tlaxcala, Ixtacuixtla de Mariano Matamoros, México, Avenida Trinidad Sánchez Santos #56
Archivo Parroquial de San Ildefonso Hueyotlipan
Tlaxcala, Hueyotlipan, México, Avenida Tlaxcala s/n
Archivo Parroquial de San Juan Bautista
Tlaxcala, Ixtenco, México, Plaza de la Constitución #27
Archivo parroquial de San Lorenzo
Tlaxcala, Cuapiaxtla, México, Avenida Hidalgo #3
Archivo Parroquial de San Luis Obispo de Tolosa
Tlaxcala, Huamantla, México, Parque Juárez #13
Archivo Parroquial de San Martín de Tours
Tlaxcala, Xaltocan, México, Xicoténcatl y Juárez s/n
Archivo Parroquial de San Nicolás Tolentino
Tlaxcala, Terrenate, México, 5 de Mayo #1
Archivo Parroquial de San Pablo Apóstol
Tlaxcala, Zitlaltepec, México, 5 de mayo y 2 Poniente
Archivo Parroquial de Santa Cruz
Tlaxcala, Santa Cruz Tlaxcala, México, Manuel Ávila Camacho #1
Archivo Parroquial de Santa Isabel
Tlaxcala, Tetlatlahuca, México, Venustiano Carranza #1
Archivo Parroquial de Santa María de Guadalupe
Tlaxcala, Hueyotlipan, México, Calzada del Agua Santa #1
Archivo Parroquial de Santa María Nativitas
Tlaxcala, Nativitas, México, Primera de Zaragoza #2
Archivo Parroquial de Santo Toribio Obispo de Astorga
Tlaxcala, Xicohtzingo, México, Plaza Morelos s/n
Archivo Parroquial San Agustín
Tlaxcala, Tlaxco, México, Jardín Municipal #1
Archivo Parroquial San Antonio de Padua
Tlaxcala, Calpulalpan, México, Galeana #3
Archivo Parroquial San Francisco Tepeyanco
Tlaxcala, Tepeyanco, México, Hidalgo y Plaza Principal s/n
Archivo Parroquial San Francisco Tepeyanco
Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México, Hidalgo y Plaza Principal s/n
Archivo Parroquial San José
Tlaxcala, Nanacamilpa de Mariano Arista, México, Parque Central Mariano Arista #4
Archivo Parroquial San Miguel del Milagro
Tlaxcala, Nativitas, México, Plaza Principal s/n
Archivo Parroquial San Nicolás de Bari
Tlaxcala, Panotla, México, Plaza Hidalgo s/n
Archivo Parroquial San Pablo Apóstol
Tlaxcala, San Pablo del Monte, México, Venustiano Carranza 2-A Barrio de San Bartolomé
Archivo Parroquial Señor San José
Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, México, 1 de mayo #4
Archivo Parroquial del Sagrado Corazón de Jesús
Veracruz, Río Blanco, México, Av. Veracruz s/n entre 6 y 8 colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial de San Juan Bautista
Veracruz, Nogales, México, Calle de la Laguna #1
Archivo Parroquial de San Pedro Apóstol
Veracruz, Maltrata, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial de San Pedro Apóstol Huayacocotla
Veracruz, Huayacocotla, México Hidalgo #1
Archivo Parroquial de Santa Ana Atzacan
Veracruz, Atzacan, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial de Santa María de Guadalupe
Veracruz, La Concordia, México Veracruz, Santuario Diocesano, Oriente 4 y sur 23
Archivo Parroquial de Santa Rosa de Lima
Veracruz, Camerino Z. Mendoza, México Hidalgo #701
Archivo Parroquial de Santiago Apóstol
Veracruz, Tehuipango, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial Inmaculada Concepción
Veracruz, Ixtaczoquitlán, México, Oriente 4 con Sur 3 s/n
Archivo Parroquial Nuestra Señora de Asunción
Veracruz, Ixhuatlancillo, México Isabel la Católica s/n Barrio Nuevo
Archivo Parroquial San Francisco de Asís
Veracruz, Zongolica, México, Calle Aldama s/n colonia Centro
Archivo Parroquial San Francisco de Asís
Veracruz, Necoxtla, Ciudad Mendoza, México, Domicilio conocido
Archivo Parroquial San Juan Bautista
Veracruz, Acultzingo, México, Ignacio Zaragoza #4
Archivo Parroquial San Miguel Arcángel
Veracruz, Orizaba, México, Madero Norte #88 Apdo. 261
Archivo Parroquial San Pedro Apóstol
Veracruz, Tequila, México, Domicilio conocido s/n
Archivo Parroquial Santiago Apóstol
Veracruz, Tlilapan, México, Francisco I. Madero #1
Archivo Parroquial San Pedro Apóstol
Puebla, Huayacocotla, México, Domicilio conocido
-----
Benicio Samuel Sánchez García

Presidente de la Sociedad Genealógica y de Historia Familiar de México
Genealogista e Historiador Familiar

Miembro de la Federation of Genealogical Societies
Miembro de la International  Society of Genetic Genealogy
Miembro de Hispagen
Miembro de Hispania Nostra
Miembro de la Asociación Canaria de Genealogía
Miembro de la APG


Email: samuelsanchez@genealogia.org.mx
Website:  http://www.Genealogia.org.mx
Cell Phone: 811 1916334 
Desde Monterrey agrega 044+811 1916334
Cualquier otro lugar de Mexico 045+811 1916334
Desde USA 011521+811 1916334

 





Majestuosos Penachos Aztecas en la fiesta de la Santa Cruz




https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qmVSUl6Ypok
  
Televised commentary on the history of the  Majestuosos Penachos Aztecas en la fiesta de la Santa Cruz

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uMc74-5joBs
   
Mexican men dancing in a church with huge feathered head-pieces.   
Majestuosos Penachos Aztecas en la fiesta de la Santa Cruz

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montezuma%27s_headdress 
The headpiece above is believed to have been worn by Montezumas.

Sent by John Inclan fromgalveston@yahoo.com 



CENTRAL AND SOUTH AMERICA

Institucio Catalana de Genealogia i Heráldica 
Todo historia y mucha genealogia... sobre todo de los dirigentes de Centro América.
La Historia que desconocíamos, San Martin, Inglaterra y el oro peruano 
New Epic Route Will Connect 17 National Parks

La Historia que desconocíamos !    

====================================================== ======================
Queridos familiares y amigos, Adjunto la tarjeta de nuestra familia para este año.El lanzamiento de la tarjeta se hizo por https://youtu.be/9p2DaGMwkh4  
Allí hay una historia familiar que puede gustarles. 
Cordial saludo,  Javier Tobón
javiertobonsud@gmail.com
 
Ayudo en historia familiar.
Bogota, Columbia 

Tarjeta de la Familia Tobón Gónima 2017

La calle 50 del barrio Versalles es mucho más que una dirección postal: es el escenario imperecedero del comienzo de la dinastía Tobón Gónima; y en esa calle de Manizales, más exactamente, la casa señorial de Don Carlos Gónima Márquez y Doña Mercedes Botero Sanín, para nosotros la inolvidable Menena.

El cumpleaños número ochenta de esta abuela matriarcal y aristocrática marcó un hito para los hijos, nietos y demás parentela, que en un retrato solemne de época posamos con ella en 1960, en la amplia escalera de entrada a la mansión familiar.  Más de medio siglo después, en una prodigiosa combinación de magia amorosa, cibernética de diseño y artesanía creativa, la misma escalera es el espacio de encuentro de las tres generaciones subsiguientes que, sin importar tiempos y distancias, acuden puntuales a la cita  de la tarjeta familiar de cada año.

De la foto original de los sesenta, tesoro de los Gónima, se evoca el recuerdo de la familia en el mismo lugar de la Calle 50 # 24-45. Los papás-abuelos-bisabuelos, Fernando Tobón Estrada y Luz Gónima Botero permanecen en el tiempo y en su mismo lugar. Chepe sigue también allí honrando su vocación; se van conformando luego las familias de Javier, Silvia Mercedes, Luz María y Felipe con sus 11 nietos, 9 nueras y yernos y 13 bisnietos.

Javier Tobón, el entusiasta y persistente guardián de la leyenda y la genealogía nuestra describe, en un video que puede verse en https://youtu.be/9p2DaGMwkh4, el laborioso diseño de su nueva obra maestra de la historia familiar.

Un detalle especial: el color turquesa de las flores y el símbolo en la fachada son algo más que una licencia de realismo mágico: significan internacionalmente la concientización y la lucha contra el cáncer de ovario y quieren ser, por lo tanto, un homenaje cordial y lleno de admiración, al testimonio valiente y esperanzado de Liliana María, la nieta mayor de la familia, que se asoma fresca, confiada y persistente a la ventana de la vida, y a todos los que de muchas maneras la están acompañando en su camino de sanación.

La escalera ya no existe. Pero la maravillosa progenie de los Feryluces sigue viva y sonriente; se engalana con nuevos rostros y sueños en la amplia geografía de un mundo sin límites y, ojalá, en paz.

Texto de José Fernando Tobón

 




Institucio Catalana de Genealogia i Heráldica 

 

La Academia Colombiana de Genealogía convoca la XX Reunión Americana de Genealogía y X Congreso Iberoamericano de Genealogía y Heráldica, del 9 al 13 de Octubre en Bogotá Colombia. 

http://academiadegenealogia. org/ 

--
Benicio Samuel Sánchez García
Presidente de la Sociedad Genealógica y de Historia Familiar de México
Genealogista e Historiador Familiar


Email: samuelsanchez@genealogia.org.mx    Website:  http://www.Genealogia.org.mx  Cell Phone: 811 191 6334 
Desde Monterrey agrega 044+   Cualquier otro lugar de Mexico 045+  Desde USA 011521+

 





Picture of mountain Corcovado from the air

New Epic Route Will Connect 17 National Parks
World’s largest donation of privately held land was gifted to Chile by Kris Tompkins

By Andrew Bisharat
Please go to the article for photographs by Jimmy Chin
Click here: New Epic Route Through 17 National Parks in Chile
National Geographic, May 5, 2017

This “Route of Parks” in Chile will ultimately be 1,500 miles long.

================================== ==================================
On March 15, 2017, the world’s largest donation of privately held land was gifted by Kris Tompkins of Tompkins Conservation to Chile, growing the country’s national parkland by 10 million acres. Photographer Jimmy Chin, remarks, “It's difficult to describe the scope and scale of the project and the amount of land preserved, without seeing it.”


In 1976, Chilean dictator Augusto Pinochet ordered the construction of Route 7, an ambitious new roadway that would stretch some 770 miles through Patagonia’s relatively unpopulated lands of southern Chile. This remarkable wilderness region comprises dense coastal rain forests, jaw-dropping fjords, glaciers, volcanoes, and the steep, soaring peaks of the Andes, which charge all the way down to the very tip of the continent.


Over the next decade, more than 10,000 soldiers reportedly worked to build the dirt road, which became known as the Carretera Austral (Southern Highway). Many lost their lives in the effort, considered one of Chile’s most ambitious infrastructure projects of the 20th century. By the late 1980s, the Carretera Austral had opened to traffic, though the road’s construction continued, pushing farther and farther south.
Today, the Carretera Austral is being reimagined with the adventurous tourist in mind—a conduit to some of the most spectacular and truest wilderness on Earth. With the news that over 10 million acres of land in this region will become either new national parks or expand existing ones, a portion of the Carretera Austral—still mostly a double-wide dirt road—will concurrently be rebranded as the Ruta de los Parques.

“It opens up the possibility of imagining a road trip that could take weeks in its entirety,” says Rick Ridgeway, a vice president at the clothing company Patagonia and a board member of Tompkins Conservation, the umbrella organization overseeing Conservación Patagónica and the Conservation Land Trust, which works to create national parks in Chile and Argentina.

“It’s an exciting idea,” Ridgeway says of the plan to link 17 parks. “It’s got the Chileans excited, too, as a way to fire people's imaginations about seeing several, if not all, of these new protected areas, through an extended road-trip adventure.”

It’s one of the great conservation stories of all time: Last month Chile President Michelle Bachelet and American philanthropist and conservationist Kristine McDivitt Tompkins pledged to expand Chile’s national park system by just over 10 million acres—an area larger than Switzerland.


Picture of Kris Tompkins, in Valle Chacabuco


Kris Tompkins, pictured here, has supported major conservation projects in Argentina and Chile since the early 1990s, through the Tompkins Conservation group. Tompkins and President Bachelet of Chile have pledged over 10 million acres to the Chilean national park system.  The Tompkins Conservation has already donated over a million acres to help conserve and share this wondrous landscape.


Through the Tompkins Conservation, an organization she co-founded with her late husband Doug Tompkins, Kris Tompkins pledged to hand over more than a million acres that the couple had purchased over the course of two decades with the goal of conservation and rewilding. It is considered the largest private land donation to a country ever. The Chilean government, meanwhile, bolstered the Tompkins donation by designating another nine million acres of federally protected lands to become national parklands.

Ridgeway, 67, is a very dear friend of the Tompkins’. In fact, he was with Doug when he died in a kayaking accident on Carrera Lake in southern Chile in December 2015. Yvon Chouinard, founder of outdoor retailer Patagonia, was also there at the time. All three are pioneering figures in the outdoor industry whose longtime friendship and shared love of southern Chile has not only inspired their environmentally friendly approaches to business and leadership but has also launched dozens of their own adventures to this region to explore, fish, hike, kayak, and climb together.

Ridgeway is a legendary climber who is probably best known for being a part of the first American team to reach the summit of K2 in 1978. He first ventured to Chilean Patagonia in the 1980s to go fishing with Chouinard. Today, he estimates he’s returned to this wild country upward of 30 times. In an interview with us, he shared some stories and insights into what makes these parklands unique and why he continues to return to Patagonia year after year.

‘A True Wilderness’

With over 15 degrees of latitude between the future Pumalín National Park, the northernmost park to be part of the Ruta de los Parques chain, and Yendegaia National Park, the southernmost, there are a variety of landscapes. Ridgeway says the geography is in some ways akin to that of the Pacific Northwest, from coastal Oregon up through Washington State and into British Columbia.

Picture of an aerial View of Parque Patagonia
Parque Patagonia sits in the Aysén Region of Chile.

“In northern parks like Pumalín and Corcovado and in Melimoyu Park, it is a challenge to get around if you're traveling off trail,” he says. “I've climbed a few peaks here with Yvon [Chouinard] and Doug [Tompkins] over the years, and I've had some real bushwhacking challenges. But the flip side is that you're in a true wilderness.

“If you were to want to do more moderate hiking, you can stick to the trail systems in places like Pumalín. But if you really want to get into true, deep, wildness, where the footprint of human beings is virtually nonexistent, go to Corcovado Park. There's no infrastructure, no trail systems, and the whole thing is deep wilderness with all the magic that can come with that.”

Corcovado National Park

Corcovado National Park has a rich biodiversity, including the puma, which stalks the ancient forests that surround 82 lakes throughout the park. The rain forests yield to high volcanoes, including the park’s namesake peak, Corcovado (7,218 feet), a striking snowcapped mountain that was first climbed, solo, by Doug Tompkins.

Picture of the Cerro Corcovado from the air
Visitors to the 'Route of Parks' will find diverse environments, from grassland steppes to snow capped peaks to arid desert mountains. Flying over Corcovado National Park, pictured here, offers sweeping views of the massive park.

“It was an amazing feat,” Ridgeway says, “because the last few pitches are pretty steep and technical. I tried to climb that mountain [years later] with three other buddies, Jeff Johnson, Jimmy Chin, and Timmy O'Neil, and we’re all pretty good mountaineers. We got right up near the summit, but the rock was just too crumbly to continue. When Doug was there, it was covered with ice, so he could ice climb to the top. But to solo ice climb up that thing was no small feat.”

Tompkins says the experience of failing to climb Corcovado—as well as another one, in which he and Tompkins succeeded on the first ascent of Yanteles, another volcano within this park—were “adventures that will always stay with me.”

Patagonia National Park

Ridgeway calls the future Patagonia National Park perhaps the most unique park of them all.

Picture of Valle Chacabuco, Parque Patagonia  Travelers will find awe-inspiring views throughout 17 Chilean national parks, including this view from The Lodge at Valle Chacabuco in Parque Patagonia.

“It’s distinct from all the rest because, at that latitude, the crest of the Andes split into two spines. The seaward part of the Andean chain is, at that point, called the Northern Ice Cap. Patagonia National Park is to the east, on the secondary spine. Consequently it's a park that's in the rain shadow of the ice cap. The rainfall here is only 25 or 30 percent of what it is out in the coastal parks. The vegetation is entirely different; that thick forest understory isn't there, so you can hike around and move much more easily. It's an entirely different experience.”

There are over 70 miles of trails in the park. The three must-dos are the Lagunas Altas Trail, the Avilés Trail, and the Lago Chico Trail, which introduce visitors to the western, central, and eastern landscapes of the diverse park. But there’s plenty of backcountry adventure to be had as well.

“Two years ago, I went there with two other friends of mine and we made an exploratory hike following just animal trails,” Ridgeway says. “That was super cool because we were out there, it was really exploratory, and we had a fantastic four-day backpacking trip.”

The Road Trip of a Lifetime

Mountain biking the entire 1,500-mile Ruta de los Parques is certainly one hard-core objective, but most travelers will choose to tackle the road by car. For Ridgeway, this road trip has special sentimental value. He, his wife, and their three children drove the entire dirt highway in the late 1980s, over the course of two separate trips, each one lasting six weeks.

“It was a terrific experience for us and our children, and they still talk about it all the time. In fact, they've all continued to go back there in adulthood to do volunteer work for the park projects. Those road trips were formative and life changing for them.”

Andrew Bisharat is a writer, editor and climber based in Basalt, CO. You can follow him on Twitter at @eveningsends. Jimmy Chin is an award-winning adventure photographer and filmmaker. You can follow him on Instagram at @jimmy_chin.
World-class mountaineer Jimmy Chin is recognized as one of the best extreme mountain photographers in the profession, whose dramatic work reveals human endeavors in extreme mountain environments.

Sent by Juan Marinez 
marinezj@msu.edu
 



La Historia que desconocíamos !    
San Martín, Inglaterra y el oro peruano

Los cálculos mas aproximados arrojan la escalofriante cifra de DOS BILLONES DE EUROS el valor de las reservas de oro y plata que había en las haciendas reales de España en iberoamericana, de las que se apodero Inglaterra gracias a Simón Bolívar y San Martín. La riqueza del imperio ingles no se hizo a través del comercio con las indias sino del saqueo al imperio español tras el paso de Carlos IV y su hijo Fernando VII.

Resultado de imagen de ferrer dalmau

San Martín asumió el 3 de agosto de 1821 el mando y el poder del Perú con el título de ‘Protector’. Renunció al protectorado del Perú el 20 de septiembre de 1822. Su gobierno duró, por lo tanto, un año, un mes y diecisiete días.
¿Cuáles fueron los actos más significativos de su gobierno?
1. Lord Cochrane (inglés), el jefe de la flota, se apoderó de todos los fondos del gobierno peruano (Tesoro de la Real Hacienda), y de fondos particulares de Lima, que San Martín había resguardado en los buques peruanos Jerezana, La Perla y La Luisa ‘para evitar que cayeran en poder de las fuerzas realistas en caso de que éstas tomasen la ciudad de Lima’.
Sin entrar a considerar justificaciones, explicaciones o excesos, tenemos lo siguiente: tan inmensa cantidad de caudales colocados en tres buques fueron fácil presa de Lord Cochrane, quien parte inmediatamente hacia Londres. Ocurrió lo mismo que en Buenos Aires en 1806, donde Beresford embarca el Tesoro de la Real Hacienda (40 toneladas de oro amonedado) en el navío Narcissus con rumbo a Londres. Es lo mismo que sucedió en Potosí, donde Pueyrredón asalta y destruye la Casa de Moneda (agosto de 1811), enviando a Buenos Aires un millón de piezas de plata que el gobierno entrega por títulos de crédito a comerciantes británicos, que lo envían a Londres. En 1822 los británicos se apoderan de doce toneladas de oro amonedadas en Sant Fé de Bogotá (ahora Colombia). Coetáneamente acontece lo mismo en Guatemala (América Central Unida) y México.
 – Dr. Julio C. González, La involución hispanoamericana

Origen: C. L. A. M. O. R.: San Martín, Inglaterra y el oro peruano

Legiones Británicas en la América del Sur

“Merecen una mención particular… las Compañías Británicas. A las que Su Excelencia, el Presidente de la República, les ha concedido la ‘Estrella de los Libertadores’ en premio de su constancia y de su valor.” – Coronel Manuel Manrique, Jefe del Estado Mayor, durante la batalla del Pantano de Vargas (Boyacá).

Las Legiones Británicas fueron unidades voluntarias extranjeras que combatieron en América del Sur contra España durante las llamadas Guerras de Independencia.

Bajo el mando de Simón Bolívar, los voluntarios británicos llegaron a ser más de siete mil. En el Cono Sur, su número fue menor, aunque no despreciable, pero dado que combatieron en unidades menores mezcladas con tropas de otras procedencias es más difícil (aunque no imposible… y lo haremos próximamente) seguir sus peripecias.

En general se trataba de veteranos de las Guerra Napoleónicas, originarios de Inglaterra, Escocia e Irlanda, pero también de los territorios alemanes que pertenecían a la Corona británica. Su motivación era tanto política como económica.

Aunque Gran Bretaña había ayudado a liberar la Península Ibérica de las fuerzas de Napoleón, para la mayoría de los británicos España era “el enemigo”. El Parlamento londinense, según se desprende de sus sesiones, tenía bien en claro que no debía permitirse a España recuperar su antiguo esplendor imperial… a pesar de los compromisos contraídos en el Congreso de Viena. [*] A nivel popular, la “leyenda negra” estaba muy presente y la posibilidad de liberar a los americanos de la opresión del “papismo” español, era un mandato casi religioso. Por otro lado, en plena revolución industrial con salarios de miseria y el hacinamiento urbano, las historias de un continente extensísimo, rico y casi despoblado, iluminaban la imaginación de los más aventureros. Finalmente, un factor nada despreciable era el de una enorme cantidad de veteranos de casi treinta años de guerra que estaban ahora peligrosamente desocupados y que el gobierno británico quería sacar de la metrópoli.

Por su parte, el gobierno de Londres, si bien extraoficialmente siempre les prestó apoyó, tuvo públicamente una actitud ambivalente frente a ellos: por momentos los condenó como mercenarios; por otros, los alabó como luchadores de la libertad. En cualquier caso, muchos de los oficiales de estas tropas de voluntarios, luego serían reincorporados con sus mismos rangos en el Ejército o la Armada de Gran Bretaña, como si hubiesen estado cumpliendo servicios a Su Majestad británica durante su estancia en América del Sur.

En marzo de 1819, Bolívar decidió unificar a las tropas británicas bajo su mando en una única brigada, que tuvo a James Rooke como comandante. El irlandés Rooke, veterano de las campañas contra la República Francesa y luego Napoleón, amigo íntimo del Príncipe de Gales y cuñado del gobernador de St. Kitts (en el Caribe), se había unido en septiembre del ’17 a Bolívar en Angostura, quien le dio el mando del 1º Regimiento de Húsares de Venezuela (compuesto mayormente por voluntarios británicos) y junto a quien combatió durante la campaña del ’18.

Luego de combatir en la batalla del Pantano de Vargas, donde Rooke perdió un brazo que le fue amputado. El irlandés “patriota” murió en Belencito, cerca de Tunja. Su esposa, Anna, recibió de la República de Colombia una pensión vitalicia.

El 1º Batallón de la Legión Británica estuvo al mando del Cnel. James Towers English. El 2º Batallón, del Cnel. John Blossett. La llamada Legión Irlandesa, del Cnel. William Aylmer.

English, hijo de un comerciante de Dublín, había sido proveedor y, luego, oficial de intendencia del Ejército Británico durante las Guerras Napoleónicas. En mayo del ’17 encontró a López Méndez, el agente de Bolívar en Londres, y se hizo pasar como teniente de caballería. Fue así que, como Capitán en comisión, se unió en diciembre de ese año a los Húsares venezolanos. Por su valentía, fue promovido a Coronel y nombrado como el segundo al mando de Rooke.

En mayo del ’18, el coronel English firmó un contrato con el gobierno “patriota” para reclutar mil hombres en las Islas Británicas. Obtendría un beneficio de 50 libras esterlinas por cada hombre y el grado de General de Brigada en comisión, así como el mando de esta nueva Legión. English tuvo mayor éxito del esperado, y logró embarcar rumbo a Venezuela un grupo de dos mil voluntarios. El nuevo general británico desembarcó en Margarita en abril del ’19, tomando inmediatamente el mando de todas las tropas de voluntarios extranjeros.

En julio de 1819, las tropas de English participaron de la toma de la fortaleza de El Morro y la ciudad de Barcelona. Los mercenarios británicos cometieron toda clase de vejaciones, violaciones, robos y destrozos. Hasta las iglesias fueron profanadas.

Impresionado, el general Rafael Urdaneta, encargó a la Legión Británica capturar el fuerte de Agua Santa. English alegó estar enfermo, mientras sus mercenarios eran masacrados por los defensores realistas. Como consecuencia de esto, Blossett tomó el mando de la Legión, mientras English era enviado a Margarita, donde murió en extrañas circunstancias en septiembre de ese año ’19.

Blossett también era veterano de las guerras de fines del siglo XVIII y principios del XIX. También irlandés, Blossett descendía del general francés hugonote que había ayudado a Guillermo de Orange a deponer al rey legítimo británico Jacobo II en 1688. Cuando se presentó ante él en Margarita, Bolívar le dio el rango de Coronel.

Cuando English se vio obligado a retirarse, Blossett se hizo cargo de la Legión Británica. Pero su afición a los duelos fue su perdición. Otro coronel británico al servicio de los “patriotas”, de apellido Power, le dio un tiro que resultó fatal.

Aylmer tenía un currículum un tanto distinto. En 1798 se había unido a la rebelión irlandesa que, imitando la revolución francesa, los llamados Irlandeses Unidos habían intentado para liberar la Isla Esmeralda y convertirla en una república democrática. Luego de ser derrotado en Ovidstown, sostuvo una guerra de guerrillas en el llamado “bog” de Allen contra las tropas británicas. Finalmente, a cambio de un salvoconducto hacia el exilio, se entregó. En Austria se unió al Ejército Imperial como oficial y combatió a Napoleón. Eventualmente, se uniría al cuerpo de Dragones británicos, aunque manteniendo su comisión austríaca.

Terminadas las Guerras Napoleónicas y sin perspectivas revolucionarias en Irlanda, en 1819 partió con otros doscientos irlandeses hacia Venezuela. Creada la Legión Irlandesa por el Tte. Cnel. O’Connor, Aylmer quedó como segundo al mando.

Herido en la batalla de Río Hacha, murió en Jamaica el 20 de junio de 1820. Jamaica, principal estación británica en el Caribe, era al mismo tiempo epicentro y refugio de las fuerzas “patriotas” en el norte de América del Sur, América Central y México.

Nacido en Irlanda, Francis Burdett O’Connor pertenecía a una familia protestante de terratenientes. Un tío suyo, parlamentario, fue un famoso líder cartista; su padrino era también parlamentario por el Partido Radical; mientras que un primo, era uno de los jefes revolucionarios de línea más dura. La Revolución estaba en la genética de este futuro prócer venezolano.

Junto con Aylmer, organizó y dirigió la Legión Irlandesa, arribando a la isla Margarita en septiembre de 1819. La vida de estos irlandeses voluntarios en Margarita fue terrible. Bolívar no había encargado preparativos y no había vituallas ni refugios para ellos. Muchos murieron de enfermedades y otros decidieron regresar a Europa. Recién en diciembre la Legión fue reorganizada como regimiento y comenzó a prepararse para desembarcar en Venezuela.

En marzo del ’20, desembarcaron y tomaron Río Hacha, bajando la Cruz de San Andrés y colocando en su lugar la bandera verde irlandesa con el harpa en el centro. O’Connor y sus lanceros irlandeses tuvieron una actuación destacada en el combate de Laguna Salada, donde —según la propaganda “patriota”— 170 voluntarios derrotaron a más de 1700 realistas. (En realidad, los mercenarios contaban con abundante apoyo de rifleros y artillería.)

Amotinados por no recibir los pagos prometidos, los irlandeses debieron ser desarmados y conducidos bajo vigilancia británica a la isla de Jamaica. Allí, O’Connor logró reenganchar a unos cien de sus antiguos subordinados. Con ellos, O’Connor se unió al sitio de Cartagena y en la campaña contra Santa Marta.

Bolívar tuvo en mucha estima a O’Connor y, tras regresar de Panamá, lo hizo Jefe de su Estado Mayor para la campaña de “liberación” del Perú. Fue fundamental en ésta, su papel en la coordinación y aprovisionamiento de las tropas bolivarianas —con evidente ayuda de los comerciantes británicos que operaban en el Pacífico.

Fue posteriormente asesor del Ejército Peruano-Boliviano, junto a Otto Braun, y tuvo un papel primordial en la derrota al Ejército Argentino en la batalla de Montenegro / Cuyambuyo. Tras esta victoria, O’Connor decidió retirarse a sus tierras en Tarija, donde intentó infructuosamente organizar colonias de británicos pobres. En ese tiempo abandonó su ateísmo y se convirtió a la religión católica, falleciendo en Tarija en 1871. Aunque sólo tuvo una hija legítima, su apellido tuvo una ilegítima proliferación en el sur de Bolivia.

George Elsom fue el primero en arribar a Angostura con sus legionarios. (Curiosamente —o no tanto— lo hizo en la fragata HMS “George Canning”, que tiempo después traería a Buenos Aires a San Martín y demás miembros de la Logia Lautaro.) Luego formará en el 2º Regimiento de Lanceros de Venezuela a las órdenes de Skeene, y finalmente comandará el 2º Regimiento de Rifles de Venezuela. Junto a los hombres de Elsom, venía un grupo de doscientos hanoverianos (alemanes vasallos del Rey británico) a las órdenes de Johan Uslar, o Uzlar.

Posteriormente, llegarían a Venezuela más voluntarios en expediciones comandadas por los coroneles del Ejército Británico: MacDonald, Campbell y Wilson.

El escocés Donald MacDonald comandaba el 1º Regimiento de Lanceros de Venezuela, que habían dejado Portsmouth a fines de julio del ’17 con destino a Venezuela. El Cnel. MacDonald había sido un simple soldado en el Ejército Británico, pero supo aprovechar las oportunidades que se le presentaban. Por su valentía se le dio la posibilidad de pasar a oficial, alcanzando pronto el grado de Capitán. Con distinción sirvió en las Antillas, contra españoles, holandeses y franceses. Pero abierta la guerra contra Napoleón en la Península Ibérica, se presentó voluntario en el Ejército Portugués. Así llegó a ayudante de campo el Gral. Ballesteros. Pero el fin de las Guerras Napoleónicas no le sentó bien y pronto se vio abrumado por las deudas. Así fue reclutado por los agentes de Bolívar para organizar una expedición de voluntarios.

Por su parte, Peter Campbell reclutó y mandó un Regimiento de “Rifles Negros” en Venezuela y Colombia. También de origen escocés, en las Guerras Napoleónicas sirvió con su regimiento, el Real de Kent Oriental, mejor conocido como “The Buffs” (por el color marrón amarillo de su uniforme). Con el grado de Capitán, se retiró a comienzos de 1818.

Henry C. Wilson tenía a su mando los llamados “Húsares Rojos”, puesto que vestían con la casaca roja inglesa —uniforme similar al utilizado actualmente por la guardia presidencial venezolana—. Hijo de un clérigo protestante de Galway (Irlanda), se destacó desde niño como prodigio. A los 15 años había ingresado a Oxford y se había interesado en las “ideas francesas”, pero eso no le impidió alistarse en el Ejército apenas graduado. Sirvió como oficial en el 3º de Dragones Ligeros. Estuvo en la Península Ibérica y logró un buen dominio del castellano. Fue por eso que López Méndez lo pondría al frente de los otros coroneles británicos contratados —aunque, posteriormente, en batalla se demostraría como un pobre oficial—.

El 1º Regimiento de Artillería de Venezuela quedó al mando de Joseph Gillmore. De origen irlandés, sirvió como Guardiamarina en las Antillas. Junto con otros oficiales británicos, se unió al Ejército Portugués; en su caso integrándose a la artillería de montaña. Se destacó en los Pirineos y luego regresó al Ejército Británico con el rango de Teniente del 27º de Infantería. En agosto del ’17, la desmovilización del Ejército Británico tocó a su puerta y Gillmore, retirándose, comenzó los contactos con los agentes revolucionarios sudamericanos.

Robert Skeene fue contratado para reclutar y organizar un segundo regimiento de Lanceros. Habiendo sido maestro de reclutas de caballería en Maidstone y habiéndose retirado como Teniente Coronel, Skeene tenían muchísimos contactos en el Ejército Británico.

Otro oficial británico que se destacó fue Gustavus M. Hippisley, jefe del 1º Regimiento de Húsares de Venezuela. Ya el 14 de mayo de 1817 acordó con López Méndez los términos del contrato —contrato que fue reproducido por el diario Morning Chronicle sin provocar ninguna reacción adversa por parte del gobierno de Londres—. Hippisley, a sus 49 años, era miembro de una distinguida familia de Somerset, que decían descender del rey anglosajón San Eduardo el Confesor. Él mismo era un hombre de muchas riquezas. Tras haber asistido al prestigioso colegio de Saint Paul en Londres, obtuvo una comisión en el 9º Regimiento de Dragones. Con su unidad, sirvió en Irlanda por siete años y donde conoció a su esposa, de una rica familia protestante. Apenas conquistada la Colonia de Buena Esperanza, en África del Sur, Hippisley recibe la oferta de trasladarse allí, donde sería promovido a Mayor de Brigada. Nueve años estuvo en el Hemisferio Sur y, luego, se retiró. Pomposo, formalista y exigente hasta el ridículo, su papel en Venezuela y Colombia se verá opacado por otros oficiales más pragmáticos.

Otros muchos próceres británicos hubo en la América del Sur. Los nombres de Daniel Florence O’Leary, Gregor MacGregor, John Devereux, los hermanos James y John Mackintosh, Richard Trevithick, Thomas C. Wright, Alexander Alexander, George L. Chesterton, William Davy, Thomas I. Ferrier, Thomas Foley, Peter A. Grant, James Hamilton, John Johnstone, Laurence McGuire, Thomas Manby, Richard Murphy, John Needham, Robert Piggot, William Rafter, James Robinson, Athur Sandes, Richard L. Vowell, etc. Asimismo y simultáneamente, los buques británicos “Indian”, “Prince”, “Britannia”, “Dawson” y “Emerald”, servirán a los “patriotas”.

Todas sus historias al servicio de los intereses británicos merecen ser contadas.

Bibliografía:
– Matthew Brown, Adventuring through Spanish Colonies: Simon Bolivar, foreign mercenaries and the birth of new nations (2006).
– James Dunkerley, The Third Man: Francisco Burdett O’Connor and the Emancipation of the Americas (1999).
– Alfred Hasbrouck, Foreign Legionaries in the liberation of Spanish South America (1928).
– Ben Hughes, Conquer or Die! British volunteers in Bolivar’s war of emancipation (1817-21) (2010).
– Eric Lambert, Voluntarios británicos e irlandeses en la gesta bolivariana(1980).
– Brian McGinn, “A Complicate 19th Century celebration: St. Patrick’s Day in Peru, 1824”, Irish Roots 1 (1995).
– Edmundo Murray, “O’Connor, Francisco Burdett [Frank] (1791-1871)”, Irish Migration Studies in Latin America 4:4 (X/2006).
– Moisés Enrique Rodríguez, Freedom’s Mercenaries: British volunteers in the wars of independence of Latin America (2006).

 
La lectura cura la peor de las enfermedades humanas, "la ignorancia".
Enviado por Dr. C. Campos y Escalante

 

 

 

 

PHILIPPINES

The Expression I love You in Tagalog, the National Language of the Philippines 
by Eddie AAA Calderón, Ph.D.




The Expression 
I love You in Tagalog, the National Language of the Philippines
 
by 

Eddie AAA Calderón, Ph.D.
EddieAAA@hotmail.com 

 

    
This subject matter of love came  about when the discussants in my email and facebook  fora  talked about the origin of the Tagalog and other Philippine languages.  I informed the group that the Philippine languages were definitely Malayan in origin and  I gave them examples of similar words and a love phrase in Bahasa/Bajasa, the national language of Malaysia and Indonesia,  which I will mention later. 


There are at least 170 idioms spoken in the Philippines and 135 are languages and the rest are dialects. There are two official languages in my country and they are English and  the national language Tagalog. We inherited the English language from the USA who colonised our country from 1898 to 1946. Spanish used to be the official language for at least 3.5 centuries as we were 

a Spanish colony.*  

The Philippine Commission on language  enumerated in 2014 that there were 135 languages in the Philippines. See https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commission_on_the_Filipino_Language  and  http://chifilipino.tripod.com/language.htm

I was born and raised as a Tagalog speaker. However, I also understand other Philippine languages such as IlokanoKapampanganand Visayan aside from other foreign languages which include the language of Don Miguel de Cervantes which I speak and write.

Malaya, now called Malaysia, and Indonesia again share the common official language called Bahasa. The major difference from the very start has been in spelling as the two countries were linguistically influenced by their colonisers which were the UK and Netherlands, respectively.  But now the spelling may have changed so that the written language in both countries would be uniform. The other difference between Bahasa Malaysia and Bajasa Indonesia is like that of the British and American English as far as  pronunciation and colloquial/idiomatic expressions are concerned. 

In our country, Tagalog is spoken by people from different provinces, cities and towns. The major difference lies  in the intonations and colloquial expressions like the Minnesota English and the English spoken in Louisiana and other southern states in the USA. We are also aware of the difference in English as spoken in the UK and the US, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa and of course the former colonies who have adopted English as their official language.

The different Philippine languages as I mentioned before have words and expressions similar to Bahasa  as our indigenous languages again are linguistically related to Bahasa.  I also had classmates and friends  from Indonesia during my student days at the University of the Philippines who I asked to talk to me in Bahasa and that was where I began to realise the practical and colloquial similarities of Bahasa to Tagalog and other Philippine indigenous languages. Then during the last semester of my bachelor's degree at the University of the Philippines, I took a course in Philippine linguistics taught by Prof. Ernesto Constantino who received his Ph.D. in Linguistics from Indiana University. He did  confirm that Bahasa was related to our Philippine idioms. 

I did share this information with my internet groups.

Then I introduced the expression I love you  in Bahasa ==Saya/Saja  Chinta/Tjinta  Padamu== (Sinta is the Tagalog words for love which I will mention later)  to my cyberspace/internet groups. I first  learnt this love expression from my Indonesian classmate including the Indonesian spelling during my first year of college at the University of the Philippines. Now I found out that this love phrase at present is Saya Cinta Kamu  (Notice the change of spelling from Chinta/Tjinta to Cinta). I also learnt from him and from reading an article about the Bahasan language interesting the words with the same spelling such as  anak (child/offspring), langit (sky/heaven), kambing (goat), saksi (witness), to name a few.

        See https://jonnyglot.wordpress.com/2013/0 i7/27/the-linkage-of-malay-and-indonesian-with-tagalog/          and 

               https://www.scribd.com/doc/118439198/List-of-similar-words-in-Indonesian-and-Tagalog

These expressions had paved the way to interesting responses from my internet discussion fora.


In Tagalog, which I call the language of Gat Francisco Balagtas, one of our heroes, the expression  I Love you  has many different translations. The word love in Tagalog means  Pagsinta, Pagliyag, Pag-ibig, Pagmamahal, Paghirang, Paggiliw, Pagsuyo, and Pag-irog. The word to describe divine love is Pagkasi.

To say I love you are Ini-ibig kita, Sinisinta Kita, Nililiyag kita, Hinihirang kita, Ginigiliw Kita, Sinusuyo Kita, Ini-irog Kita, and Minamahal Kita.  However the expression Ini-ibig Kita is the preferred and common use for the expression I love you  except when it is used in poetry, literature, songs, and the movies. Despite its preferred usage the phrase Ini-ibig Kita has no derivative word for sweetheart like its counterparts. The word sweetheart are  Irog, Sinta (kasintahan), Liyag, Hirang, Giliw, Kasuyo, and Mahal.  

Another thing to discuss the word pag-ibig  is that the word ibig  by itself means to like, to want and not to love. As the word ibig  has antecedents like the expressions pag-ibig  (love), umi-ibig  (is in love), and  i-ibig/i-ibigin, (will love), they are defined  as love and not like or want. Surprisingly the word kaibigan derived from the word ibig  means a friend and not a love mate and the word kaibiganin is to befriend and not to love. But as a surprise again the phrase nag-i-ibigan  means being in love.

The word Pagsuyo is also love but it also has another meaning when used in a different context. The statement or phrase Nakikisuyo means  to convey a great desire for assistance or favour. The same is true with the word Mahal which can also mean expensive and not only as an expression of affection.

Another love expression in Tagalog is  Sinasamba Kita. It means I worship you  because of an undying love. This Tagalog phrase is contained in that very beautiful and romantic song I first heard during my elmentary school days. It is  Kasintahan sa Pangarap (Sweetheart in Dreams), and the article I am writing for the June, 2017 issue of Somos primos have set me to a romantic mood in especially in the autumn of life.  I have tried desperately to get the video rendition of this very beautiful and romantic song in the internet so the readers will be able to know how beautiful it is, but it is not there. These are lyrics on the second part of the song:

               Sasambahin kita sa gabi at araw.        (I will love-worship you each night and each day.)

                     Susuyuin kita habang buhay,          (I will continue to love you as long as I live.}

The above several Tagalog expressions of I love you  are very unique and not shared by our other Philippine indigenous idioms and also foreign languages. In English and other  foreign languages I know, one can say the expression I love you to everyone and all kinds of things. We can then hear Americans say I love to eat, to walk, to exercise, to climb a tree, etc.  In our cultural expressions we only use  the verb to like/want as in I like/want to eat, to play, etc.  And to say I love you in the language of Don Miguel de Cervantes they are  yo te amoyo te quiero, or yo te adoro. The verb querer means both  to love and to like in Spanish. Again in Tagalog we do not say the phrase I like when our feelings are about love. The word to like is also the reflexive word/verb gustarse in  Spanish. When I want to say I want to dance, I say me gusta bailar. To say yo amo bailar is very awkward as it has never been used.  

 
As a parting addition to this article with the Spanish  verb  gustarse, I remember the love expression I learnt from a Spanish course during my last year of High School under the tutelage of Señora Herminia Logan de Barretto.
                                          Me gusta el café, 
                                               Me gusta la leche, 
                                                    Pero me gustan más los ojos de usted!

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  *  This then reminds me of this month of June our independence day. To be exact June 12, 1898 was  the date our  revolution  against  Spain finally triumphed but it was short lived as the US conquered our country shortly thereafter. Please refer to my article in .


 


SPAIN

Book: "Spain in our Hearts Americans in Spanish Civil War 1936-1939"  by Adam Hochschild
Primeras mujeres catedráticas y doctoras de la historia de España, siglo XVI
El bombardeo de Constantinopla por galeras españolas en 1616
Sarmiento de Gamboa by José Antonio Crespo-Francés 
San Francisco de Guadalajara (España), Un verdadero tesoro cultural

Outstanding
History of Spain, "Family of De Riberas" available on Somos Primos, tracked through personal family history research by Michael Perez, go to:




"Spain in our Hearts 
Americans in Spanish Civil War 1936-1939"
 by Adam Hochschild. 


If you are interested in reading a recent book on Lincoln Brigade the book is "Spain in our Hearts Americans in Spanish Civil War 1936-1939" by Adam Hochschild. The book is based on those American who volunteered to go and fight against fascism. Volunteers came from all parts of the world to fight against Franco. It's a very insightful important part of world history. That is why this article resonated with me when I first read it.  

 ~ Juan Marinez  jmarinezmaya@gmail.com 
 

Click here: Spain honours International Brigades volunteers as civil war row grows | World news | The Guardian
    
Article, first published in 2008
Review by  jgil7200
May 18, 2016
Sick Lefties Realize Franco was the only choice for a return to liberty.  Well written progressive (read communist) founder of a progressive left mag decides to try and rewrite history showing that is was just some bad guys amongst the communist brigades in Spain that let Franco and democracy win there. Had Stalin's boys had more time, utopia could have begun in Spain 80 years ago etc.. Great inside writing with plenty of detail. Mentions of Wily Brandt, Eric Blair, Hemmingway, and many more make it a good story. It is just so slanted towards the far left that one has to stop and reread much of the great reporting and detail twice to keep it straight.

 



Las primeras mujeres catedráticas y doctoras de la historia de España, en el siglo XVI
Publicado hace 3 meses - Jorge Alvarez

¿Era el papel de la mujer tan secundario como creemos en la España Moderna? 
¿Estaba tan relegada a las labores domésticas como muestra la imagen habitual?
 

Cenotafio de Beatriz Galindo / Foto: Carlos Teixidor Cadenas en Wikimedia Commons 

La mayoría de los estudios apuntan a su subordinación al orden familiar como estructura principal del tipo de sociedad patriarcal propia del Antiguo Régimen; sin embargo, dicha sociedad no se mantuvo igual en el tiempo ni tuvo consistencia homogénea, tanto en lo social como en lo geográfico. 
La subordinación femenina tuvo su muestra más importante en el plano intelectual, de manera que aunque hubo casos de mujeres que brillaron en ese campo -literatura, arte, filosofía…- realmente no pasaron de ser excepciones que, por regla general, sus colegas masculinos no se tomaban muy en serio y sobre las que la Historia pasó de puntillas.En efecto, parece que el destino de una mujer fuera el matrimonio y cuidar de su casa, aún cuando había una pléyade de oficios que desempeñaban las mujeres del pueblo llano: sirvientas, costureras, hilanderas, molineras, monjas, taberneras, prostitutas, amas de cría, tenderas, campesinas. 

Las de mayor alcurnia, obligadas por la etiqueta, evitaban el trabajo en la medida de lo posible, aunque hay casos aparte como el de Margarita de Parma, que fue gobernadora de los Países Bajos. A lo largo de aquel período fueron descollando algunos nombres: escritoras como Santa Teresa, sor Juana Inés de la Cruz, María de Zayas o Cristobalina Vázquez de Alarcón; artistas como Sofronisba Anguissola; profesoras como Beatriz Galindo; soldados como Catalina de Erauso; actrices como María Calderón o Francisca Baltasara; empresarias como Laura Herrera; teólogas como sor María Jesús de Ágreda, etc.

Santa Teresa (François Gérard) / Imagen: Dominio público en Wikimedia Commons 

Sin embargo, probablemente los casos más insólitos fueron los de Francisca de Nebrija y Luisa de Medrano, que fueron las primeras féminas en impartir clases en la universidad. Ambas resultan especialmente notables no sólo por lo logrado sino por la temprana fecha en que lo hicieron, a principios del siglo XVI, anticipándose bastante a otras mujeres españolas y extranjeras que luego también alcanzarían importantes metas, como Juliana Morell (humanista barcelonesa que fue la primera en recibir un doctorado universitario junto con la filósofa veneciana Lucrecia Cornaro Piscopia), la prodigiosa Laura Bassi (matemática, médico, historiadora y lingüista, que fue profesora de medicina y ciencias, y catedrática de Física) o María Isidra de Guzmán (primera doctora y académica de la Lengua española, a caballo entre los siglos XVIII y XIX), entre otras.

El apellido de Francisca de Nebrija no le habrá pasado desaparecibido al lector. Efectivamente, era hija de Elio Antonio de Nebrija, el célebre humanista sevillano autor de la primera Gramática Castellana y de dos diccionarios, además de traductor para la Biblia Políglota Complutense apadrinada por el cardenal Cisneros. 

Nebrija fue nombrado profesor de Gramática y Retórica de la Universidad de Salamanca en 1473, el mismo año en que se casó con Isabel Solís de Maldonado, con la que tuvo siete hijos. La única chica fue Francisca, de cuya vida no se sabe gran cosa, aunque la lógica hace deducir que la educación que recibió debió de ser exquisita hasta el punto de llegar a colaborar con su padre en la elaboración de la Gramática. 

Asimismo, poseía vastos conocimientos de lenguas y cultura clásicas, dominando perfectamente el latín. Todo ello permitió que, al fallecer su progenitor en 1522, fuera elegida para sucederle en la cátedra de Retórica que en aquel momento ocupaba en otra universidad recién fundada en 1499 por Cisneros, la de Alcalá de Henares.


Elio Antonio de Nebrija impartiendo clase / Imagen: Dominio público en Wikimedia Commons 

No sería raro el caso de la continuación del legado intelectual paterno, ya que el propio Lope de Vega tuvo también una hija, Marcela, que, además de alcanzar el rango de abadesa de las Trinitarias Descalzas, cogió la pluma para escribir varios libros de poesía y teatro (aunque sólo se conservan cuatro de los cinco volúmenes porque su confesor le recomendó quemarlos). 

Pero Luisa de Medrano Bravo de Lagunas Cienfuegos, a la que también se suele llamar Lucía, no tuvo unos ascendientes tan famosos, aunque si linajudos, pues su familia era de rancio abolengo y había servido tradicionalmente a los Trastámara (su padre murió en el sitio de Málaga). Nacida en Atienza en 1484, también era de prole numerosa: nueve hermanos eran, uno de los cuales, Luis, llegó a ser catedrático y rector de la Universidad de Salamanca. 

Luisa precedió cronológicamente a Francisca -aunque por poco-, siendo contemporánea de la citada Beatriz Galindo la Latina, que fue la preceptora de los vástagos de los Reyes Católicos por deseo expreso de la reina Isabel. Lamentablemente no se conserva la obra publicada por Luisa y, de hecho, su recuerdo mismo se habría perdido en el tiempo de no ser por las referencias documentales que hay sobre ella, tanto las facilitadas por un compañero de la universidad salmantina, el humanista siciliano Lucio Marineo Sículo, como las del rector Pedro de Torres. 

Porque ella fue la primera mujer en acceder a una cátedra en 1508, curiosamente la misma que había ocupado antes Elio Antonio de Nebrija, la de Lenguas Clásicas. Con el mérito extra de que en ese momento sólo tenía veinticuatro años, algo explicable por la vasta cultura que al parecer acreditaba y que demostró en una memorable lección magistral impartida aquel curso sobre Derecho Canónico. Si joven fue en su triunfo profesional, joven era también al fallecer en 1527, a los cuarenta y cuatro años. En 1968 el ministro de Educación inauguró el instituto que lleva su nombre y al preguntar a los asistentes al acto quién había sido Luisa de Medrano nadie supo contestar.

Luisa Sigea / Imagen: Dominio público en Wikimedia Commons Aquella entrada de nuestro país en el Renacimiento, desde el reinado de los Reyes Católicos hasta el de Felipe II, resultó inauditamente fructifero desde el punto de vista de la intelectualidad femenina y nunca más volvió a repetirse hasta el siglo XX. 

Porque a las citadas habría que añadir más nombres: Isabel Losa, cuyos conocimientos filosóficos y su manejo del latín, griego y hebreo le permitieron recibir el doctorado en Teología de la Universidad de Córdoba; Isabel de Vergara, hermana de los prestigiosos humanistas Juan y Francisco (que colaboraron en la Biblia políglota) y traductora de Erasmo; Luisa Sigea, otra experta en lenguas clásicas añadiendo además el caldeo; la erudita Juana Contreras, que fue alumna del mencionado Sículo, las escritoras Tecla de Borja, Catalina e Paz, Isabel de Vega, Florencia Pinar (esta última del siglo XV), Catalina de Paz, Isabel Mexía, Francisca de Aragón y Feliciana Enríquez de Guzmán (que vivió ya en el Siglo de Oro)… La lista sería aún más larga.Parece probable que la reseña que dejó Luis Vives en su obra Instrucción de la mujer cristiana, publicada en 1514, tuviera muy en cuenta a aquellas extraordinarias generaciones femeninas, sin paralelo en Europa: “Hay algunas doncellas que no son hábiles para aprender letras; así también hay de los hombres; otras tienen tan buen ingenio que parecen haber nacido para ellas o a lo menos, que no se les hacen dificultosas. Las primeras no se deben apremiar a que aprendan; las otras no se han de vedar, antes se deben halagar y atraer a ello y darles ánimo a la virtud a que se inclinan”.  Fuentes: Historia silenciada de la mujer: la mujer española desde la época medieval hasta la contemporánea (Alain Saint-Saëns, director) / Los estudios históricos sobre las mujeres en la Edad Moderna; estado de la cuestión (María Victoria López-Cordón Cortezo) / Mujer y cambio en la Edad Moderna (María Antonia Bel Bravo).

Enviado por: Dr. C. Campos y Escalante  
campce@gmail.com
  

http://www.labrujulaverde.com/2016/12/las-primeras-mujeres-catedraticas-y-doctoras-de-la-historia-de-espana-en-el-siglo-xvi 

 



El bombardeo de Constantinopla por galeras españolas en 1616

http://www.todoababor.es/historia/wp-content/uploads/constantinopla-estambul-1616.jpg


Imagen de la ciudad de Constantinopla, a la que los turcos llaman Estambul, representada como en realidad es (en 1616).
Colección Magnus Gabriel de la Gardie (1622-1686).

De nuevo nos encontramos con las galeras del Gran Duque de Osuna, que se labraron una buena fama a causa del combate naval del Cabo Celidonia, ocurrido apenas unos meses antes de la aventura que les traigo hoy: el bombardeo de Constantinopla de 1616 por parte de una osada incursión de las galeras españolas a la guarida del lobo enemigo.

Repasando el historial de aquella armada del virrey de Nápoles y Sicilia, no dejo de asombrarme de lo osados que llegaron a ser aquellos hombres. Además, en los partes de los combates lo relatan como si aquello fuera algo rutinario o trivial. En cierto modo es normal, ya que los mandos y soldados españoles que iban a bordo de las galeras y galeones de la época eran por lo general gente muy curtida en los numerosos frentes que tenía el enorme imperio español. Desde luego, eran gente dura, vanidosos y, llegado el momento, capaces de lo mejor y también de crueldades de las que sólo se pueden achacar al embrutecimiento de la guerra y un cierto carácter pendenciero. Los típicos soldados que te encantaría tener por compañeros en una batalla y lejos si son tus enemigos.

En el mar la cosa no era muy distinta y Osuna tuvo que lidiar con más de un mando con fuerte personalidad. No hay que olvidar que esta marina del Duque de Osuna se nutría con personal de la Armada o el Ejército y que algunos de sus generales, como don Octavio de Aragón, el protagonista de esta historia, era también descendiente de un Grande de España y tenía sus propias maneras de hacer las cosas. Choque de personalidades.

Don Octavio de Aragón al mando de las galeras

Este general español era hijo del duque de Terranova, con un historial impresionante. Se fogueó en múltiples batallas en Flandes, socorro de París, Lombardía,… incluso llegó a recibir un arcabuzazo en la cabeza. Pudo irse a un destino más tranquilo, pero prefirió el servicio de mar, a solicitud suya, y estuvo al mando de seis galeras en Sicilia. Posteriormente estaría bajo el mando del Duque de Osuna, bajo cuyo paraguas realizó muchas intrépidas victorias y que, ojo,  jamás perdió un bajel. Todo un fenómeno en lo militar, aunque su forma de tratar a su superior no era del todo loable, como veremos.

El duque de Osuna le tenía en gran estima y se lo llevó a Nápoles cuando a aquel le hicieron virrey, dejándolo como general de sus galeras. Pero un desafortunado incidente en Marsella, donde Octavio de Aragón dejó, literalmente, tirado a su superior y a unos cuantos españoles más, levando anclas y largándose con su equipaje, hizo que todo se resquebrajara. Claro, aquello no le sentó muy bien a Osuna, que elevó una enérgica protesta al rey y una misiva del propio duque de Osuna desafiándolo a duelo.

 

Galeras del siglo XVII. Rafael Monleón.

Octavio de Aragón se defendió como pudo, aduciendo, además, que bajo su mando se habían tomado nueve galeras turcas de fanal, 15 buques redondos corsarios enemigos y 20 bergantines, haciendo 1.800 cautivos, entre ellos a cuatro beis y muchos capitanes, tomando infinidad de banderas y estandartes. Pero todo eso no le sirvió de nada. Fue encerrado en un castillo en Sicilia.

La ruin conducta de Octavio de Aragón lo relegó al olvido, hasta que con ganas de rehabilitarse consigió ser enviado con ocho galeras al canal de Constantinopla en 1622, donde hizo algún desembarco y presas. No confundir este hecho de armas con lo que les vamos a contar hoy. No obstante, ahí acabó su carrera militar.

El bombardeo de Constantinopla

Pero en los primeros tiempos, cuando servía a Osuna con diligencia y provecho, Octavio de Aragón demostró la clase de hombre que era: audaz y valiente como pocos.

Como decía anteriormente, después del celebrado combate de Celidonia, se echaba encima el otoño y lo normal era que las galeras pasaran el invierno en puerto, ya que los mares muy agitados hacían poco prácticas a tan livianas embarcaciones. Estamos en octubre de 1616.

Pero el Gran Duque de Osuna no quería tener a la gente ociosa y quería aprovechar el buen momento de su flota en el Mediterráneo. Así que mandó a Octavio de Aragón que fuese con nueve galeras a correr la costa turca. O lo que es lo mismo: a casa de su principal enemigo.


Detalle del grabado de Constantinopla de la colección Magnus Gabriel de la Gardie.
En él vemos una parte de la muralla y varias galeras turcas.

Las galeras españolas, disfrazadas de “turquesas”, se dirigieron hacia allí, pasando por Candía, Coron, Modon y Negroponte, llegando finalmente a Constantinopla, o Estambul como la llamaban los turcos.

El historiador Fernández Duro comenta al respecto:

…llegaron a los castillos de Constantinopla, cañoneándolos con mucho desenfado hasta recibir aviso amigo de haberse reunido 60 galeras turcas guardando las bocas.

El daño a los castillos no debió ser de importancia, pero tampoco buscaban un asalto o una invasión, sino el demostrar que podían hacerlo y que el poder del nuevo virrey de Nápoles podía llegar hasta allí.

Les habían mandado atacar a los turcos en su casa, pero se habían metido hasta la cocina. Estaban atrapados con una desventaja muy superior. ¿Y qué se hizo al respecto?

Octavio de Aragón se reunió en Consejo con los demás capitanes y acordaron embestir a media noche a treinta galeras turcas que se encontraban bloqueando la mayor de las bocas, la de la salida a los Dardanelos.

La noche ayudó ya que era muy oscura y con niebla y tardaron en descubrirlos, quedando muchas galeras enemigas sin tiempo de reacción. Las galeras españolas, con recio viento de popa, apagaron los fanales, excepto la galera capitana española, que mandó a las otras ocho que tomaran la vuelta de los Fornos mientras ella llevaba otro rumbo por algunas horas, con el fin de despistar al enemigo.

 

Detalle del grabado de Constantinopla de la colección Magnus Gabriel de la Gardie.
Vemos una escuadra de galeras otomanas patrullando el paso.

Huída de Estambul y apresamientos

Tras algunas horas haciendo de señuelo, con las galeras turcas a su popa, apagan las luces y arriban sin ser vistos, juntándose con el resto de la escuadra al medio día siguiente.

Los otomanos pensaron que se hallarían por Candía, hasta donde habían forzado remos, pero los españoles se hallaban en las crucetas de Alejandría, haciendo considerable daño en la costa.

Por allí se encontraron con diez caramurales gruesos y bien armados. No era prudente atacarlos en esas condiciones, pero Octavio de Aragón sabía lo que esperaba el Duque de Osuna y mandó ir a por ellos. Lo hicieron con tanta determinación que acabaron por apresarlas a todas.

Se encontraron con un botín digno de reyes: un millón y medio de ducados. Para que nos hagamos una idea de esto, refirió un soldado haberle tocado 1.500 escudos de parte en esta presa. Lo que era una pequeña fortuna para un simple soldado. ¿Qué le correspondería a los oficiales o al propio Octavio de Aragón?

Los turcos, como era de esperar, no se tomaron  muy bien la ofensa, después, además, de lo ocurrido en Celidonia, por lo que, a falta de poder hacer algo similar, se contentaron con encarcelar a varios religiosos cristianos.

La escuadra de galeras regresó a su base napolitana sin pérdida de ninguna nave y cargados de riquezas.

Fuente: El Gran Duque de Osuna y su marina. Cesáreo Fernández Duro
http://www.todoababor.es/historia/bombardeo-de-constantinopla-por-galeras-espanolas/

Enviado por> Dr. C. Campos y Escalante
La lectura cura la peor de las enfermedades humanas, "la ignorancia".

 

 



Sarmiento de Gamboa
José Antonio Crespo-Francés 

rio_grande@telefonica.net

Por su resulta interesante, 

Publicado el domingo 30 de abril de 2017 en www.elespiadigital.com en la sección Informes el artículo titulado: Sarmiento de Gamboa: Per aspera ad astra dedicado a la esforzada figura frente a la adversidad de Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa, marino, cosmógrafo, matemático, escritor, soldado, historiador, filólogo, astrónomo, científico, humanista, explorador, conquistador y poblador español del siglo XVI. Nombrado por el rey Felipe II como gobernador y capitán general de las Tierras del Estrecho de Magallanes a finales de 1580.

http://www.elespiadigital.org/ index.php/informes/17039- sarmiento-de-gamboa-per- aspera-ad-astra

http://www.elespiadigital.org/ images/stories/Documentos9/ SARMIENTO%20DE%20GAMBOA.pdf

Sent by Juan Marinez marinezj@msu.edu 




San Francisco de Guadalajara (España).
 Un verdadero tesoro cultural

El fuertemonasterio o conven to de San Francisco es un complejo arquitectónico situado en Guadalajara (España). Fue fundado como convento, usado desde 1808 como fuerte militar y hoy es propiedad del Ayuntamiento y es utilizado para diversas funciones.
En los bajos de la iglesia conventual se encuentra la cripta de los duques del Infantado, realizada a imagen del panteón de los Reyes del monasterio de El Escorial.

 

Historia
El monasterio de San Francisco tuvo una primera etapa como casa de los caballeros templarios gracias al empeño de la reina Berenguela de Castilla hasta la supresión de esa orden por el papa Clemente V en 1314. Después, en el primer tercio del siglo XIV, pasa a la órbita de la orden franciscana por iniciativa de la infanta Isabel de Castilla, primogénita de Sancho IV de Castilla y María de Molina.
Posteriormente, en 1395, aquella casa conventual fue arrasada por un incendio, aunque, para entonces, los Mendoza ya se habían hecho cargo del patronato de su capilla mayor y pudo reconstruirse con los dineros aportados por el almirante Pedro Hurtado de Mendoza. Desde ese momento, se trazó una línea de mecenazgo en la que fueron decisivas las aportaciones suntuarias y económicas del Marqués de Santillana y del Cardenal Mendoza.
Fue este último el responsable de la conclusión de las obras del templo a finales del siglo XV, y de la financiación y colocación del retablo mayor. Quizás fueron de aquel retablo las denominadas Tablas de San Ginés, un conjunto de pinturas al óleo ejecutado por el Maestro de los Luna.
Un siglo más tarde, esta labor de mecenazgo sería continuada y completada por Ana de Mendoza y Enríquez de Cabrera, VI duquesa del Infantado. Le correspondió, durante las primeras décadas del siglo XVII, la responsabilidad de afrontar el proyecto de construcción del claustro y del panteón bajo la iglesia y de un nuevo retablo mayor, una tramoya barroca de elementos móviles desaparecida, trazados por el arquitecto Francisco Mir. Aquella cripta, construida entre 1628 y 1633, sería totalmente renovada por orden de Juan de Dios de Silva y Haro, X duque del Infantado.

En 1696 dieron comienzo las obras del nuevo mausoleo de los duques del Infantado según las trazas arquitectónicas dadas por Felipe Sánchez.
En 1808, tras la invasión del la Grande Armée napoleónica, el convento de San Francisco se convirtió para las fuerzas ocupantes en el centro militar estratégico de Guadalajara. Es en esos años cuando el panteón es víctima de saqueos y cuando se profanan los sarcófagos.
Después de aquel primer episodio castrense, el viejo convento vivió una larga historia militar que se dilató hasta el año 2000, cuando el Ministerio de Defensa le cedió la propiedad al Ayuntamiento de Guadalajara.
La cripta de los duques del Infantado fue restaurada mediante el programa del 1% cultural del Ministerio de Cultura y fue abierta al público el 1 de abril de 2011. Mediante ese mismo programa están siendo restaurados la iglesia y el resto del conjunto conventual.

Descripción
La iglesia, aún hoy en pie, es de traza gótica –atribuible al arquitecto Juan Guas–, con una sola nave de seis tramos y capillas laterales entre los contrafuertes. Sin embargo, la sencillez de esta composición no le impiden alcanzar unas dimensiones espaciales notables, convirtiéndola en el templo más amplio de la ciudad.
Para abordar esta nueva construcción se desmanteló el panteón preexistente bajo el presbiterio, se desplegó una nueva escalera de acceso y se abrieron huecos que iluminaran las estancias, como el gran ventanal que, semioculto, ornamenta el muro exterior de la cabecera del templo y da luz a la capilla funeraria.

Cripta de los duques del Infantado

 

La cripta fue encargada por Juan de Dios de Silva y Haro, X duque del Infantado, al arquitecto Felipe Sánchez, quien diseñó una cripta y capilla inspiradas en el panteón de los Reyes del monasterio de El Escorial de Juan Bautista Crescenzi. Las obras dieron comienzo en 1696.

La Cripta de San Francisco recien restaurada y abierta al publico en 2011.

 

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crypt_of_San_Francisco_02.jpg
Escalera de acceso a la cripta de San Francisco, donde se observan los mármoles 
negros y rosas empleados en su construcción.
 
De una parte, la sala del panteón se resolvió con una planta elipsoidal, con ocho pilastras que sirven de apoyo a los arcos que vertebran la cúpula rebajada que cubre la estancia, en clara referencia al mausoleo escurialense pero también a la iglesia de San Andrés del Quirinal de Roma. Los nichos para los sarcófagos se emplazan en cada uno de los intercolumnios, ocupando en orden vertical todo el paño, a excepción del hueco de entrada al panteón y del gran vano de comunicación con la capilla aneja.
De otra parte, todos los paramentospavimentos y b óvedas están tapizados con placas de mármoles negros y rosas de muy poca sección para componer un juego cromático alternativo y crear plafones de traza geométrica. El aparato ornamental se completa con ménsulas y roleos de alaba stro dorados, especialmente en las cornisas y en los lunetos de las cúpulas. Precisamente, la fragilidad de los jaspes y los yesos empleados han generado problemas de conservación que, agudizados por la alta humedad que afecta a la cripta, otorgan al monumento el carácter artificioso y banal más característico del barroco efímero.
Las corrientes de agua subterránea que discurren bajo la iglesia conventual fueron uno de los principales escollos con que se encontró Felipe de la Peña, maestro de obras que abordó la construcción del panteón. Al final, el nivel de la capa freática fue determinante para el desarrollo del proyecto. Tal es así, que la rasante del presbiterio tuvo que elevarse notoriamente sobre el suelo del templo para poder albergar la cripta y modificarse el muro testero de la capilla mayor para dejar al descubierto la linterna de la bóveda de la capilla subterránea.

Bibliografía

Bonilla Almendros, Víctor. El Monasterio de San Francisco en Guadalajara. Ayuntamiento de Guadalajara. Guadalajara, 1999.


INTERNATIONAL

Our Memorial Day Celebrated in the Czech Republic - Czechoslovakia
Constantinople  - - - -  Estambul
Jihad in Denmark by Judith Bergman
Maremma Sheepdogs keep watch over Little Penguins, "On Guard" by Debbie Lustig 


OUR MEMORIAL DAY CELEBRATED in the Czech Republic - Czechoslovakia


Notice the Amercan Flags

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A bit of History -- 
Czech Republic / Czechoslovakia 
remembering and honoring 
AMERICA and our soldiers.... 


This is an amazing story of remembrance. In the Czech Republic , the school children of the equivalent of fifth grade are each assigned one of the American and Canadian liberators buried there. Their grave is the student's responsibility for the year and they learn all there is to know of their own hero. Their surviving family is sent letters and they respond to the annual child who tends their loved one's grave.

Have you ever wondered if anyone in Europe remembers America 's sacrifice in World War II? 

There is an answer in a small town in the Czech Republic . The town called Pilsen ( Plzen ).

Every 5 years, Pilsen conducts the Liberation Celebration of the City of Pilsen in the Czech Republic . May 6th, 2010, marked the 65th anniversary of the liberation of Pilsen by General George Patton's 3rd Army. Pilsen is the town that every American should visit. Because they love America and the American Soldier.
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Even 65 years later... by the thousands, 
the citizens of Pilsen came to say thank you. 

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Lining the streets of Pilsen for miles, from the large crowds, 
to quiet reflective moments.

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Above is the crash site of Lt. Virgil P. Kirkham, the last recorded American USAAF pilot killed in Europe during WWII. It was Lt. Kirkham's 82nd mission and one that he volunteered to go on. 

At the time, this 20-year-old pilot's P-47 Thunderbolt plane was shot down, a young 14-year-old Czech girl, Zdenka Sladkova, was so moved by his sacrifice she made a vow to care for him and his memory. For 65 straight years, Zdenka, now 79-years-old, took on the responsibility to care for Virgil's crash site and memorial near her home.

On May 4th, she was recognized by the Mayor of Zdenka's home town of Trhanova , Czech Republic , for her sacrifice and extraordinary effort to honor this American hero. 
Another chapter in this important story... 
the Czech people are teaching their children aboutAmerica 's sacrifice for their freedom. 
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American Soldiers, young and old, are the Rock Stars these children and their parents want autographs from. Yes, Rock Stars! As they patiently waited for his autograph, the respect this little Czech boy and his father have for our troops serving today was heartwarming and inspirational. 
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The Brian LaViolette Foundation established The Scholarship of Honor in tribute to General George S. Patton and the American Soldier, past and present. Each year, a different military hero will be honored in tribute to General Patton's memory and their mission to liberate Europe . This award will be presented to a graduating senior who will be entering the military or a form of community service such as fireman, policeman, teaching or nursing -- a cause greater than self. The student will be from 1 of the 5 high schools in Pilsen , Czech Republic . 
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The first award will be presented in May 2011 in honor of Lt. Virgil Kirkham, that young 20-year-old P-47 pilot killed 65 years ago in the final days of WWII. 
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Presenting Virgil's award will be someone who knows the true meaning of service and sacrifice... someone who looks a lot like Virgil. Marion Kirkham, Virgil's brother, who himself served during WWII in the United States Army Air Corps!!!  In closing... Here is what the city of Pilsen thinks of General Patton's grandson. George Patton Waters (another Rock Star!) we're proud to say, serves on Brian's Foundation board. 
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Brigadier General Miroslav Zizka, 1st Deputy Chief of Staff, Ministry of Defense, Czech Armed Forces. 

Front page news over there, not buried in the middle of the social section.  Sent by Yomar Villarreal Cleary ycleary@charter.net 

 


Constantinople  - - - -  Estambul

Dear Mimi,
I have just returned from a visit to this most fascinating city following genealogical connections from Spain. We are indeed "primos" no matter where we live... with roots from all over.

It may come to you as a surprise as it was to me. The Christian Byzantines or New Romans of the Eastern Roman Empire survived and fluorished until they were invaded by the Ottomans in the XV century. Christian Constantinopolis fell in 1453 to the Muslim Turkish Ottomans. The Byzantine Empire thrived for 1100 years and Constantinople, their capital, was the crossroads of the ancient world for commerce and everything else. During these 1100 years they intermarried with many peoples. Their royalty also intermarried with the European royalty and therefore most royal famiies in Europe can trace one part of their origins to the Byzantines as we now call them. We should not forget the Byzantines were primarily of Greek and Roman roots. The ancient civilizations that shaped our Western thought.

My interest in visiting present day Turkey is because that is where the former Byzantine Empire existed... and therefore our ancient Greek and Latin roots.

This presentation is just a sample of what remains of former Constantinopolis - Constantinople until the mid 1920s when the Ottoman empire collapsed after WWI and the present day Republic of Turkey was born.

To visit this site and others that remain to this day one must visit present day Istambul and the rest of Turkey. The cultural collision that occurred in 1453 did not destroy all that existed, there still exists glimpses of the Byzantine former glory. 

The Byzantine Royal House intermarried with the royal houses of many European countries: Bulgaria, Hungary, Russia, Ukraine, France, German, etc. Even the kings of Spain and England can trace back to some Bizantine ancestor. This is an extensive topic.

Constantinopolis, the present day Istanbul since the 1930 or so is a most fascinating city, both ancient and modern. A must visit city for anyone ! Regardless of the headlines of the news do not miss visiting IST.

Constantinopla- la actual Estambul- el primer mall del mundo antiguo y moderno donde se unen Este y Occidente. 
 
Sent by Dr. C. Campos y Escalante​
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1LzAIfJzLcM

İstinye Park - best shopping mall in Istanbul

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgiMf6g7fvk

Best 10 Shopping Malls in İstanbul

In recent years, population of shopping mall has increased in Turkey. So, wherever we look at, we see a shopping mall ...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VTE2L37DHpE

Shopping Centers  Istanbul (İstanbul Alışveriş Merkezleri)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o933B2wfU6o

Where to find best shopping deals in Istanbul? List of shopping malls in #istanbul

There is no doubt that Istanbul is a shopping haven. However, finding the best bargains in this city is not always easy. A helpful ...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhROvgHM4wM
  1.  
    1. ISTANBUL 2015 «« ISTANBUL CEVAHIR MALL, Biggest shopping mall in Europe
      Biggest shopping mall in EuropeAs the largest shopping mall in the city center, Istanbul Cevahir offers its visitors world class shopping 365 days of the year.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B93j9YzDQwE

İstanbul Shopping malls / Avm HD 720p

İstanbul has become like a shopping mall paradise during the last years. İstanbul has the most number of shopping malls in a city ...


World's First Shopping Mall? Istanbul Grand Bazaar [Kult America]
 

Even though America is the undisputed center of consumerism, it is here, in Istanbul, where the original shopping mall was .









  1. Mall of Istanbul

    Mall of Istanbul Design/Comple tion: 2009/2013 Location: Istanbul, Turkey Client: Torunlar REIC Site: 34.5 acres/13.9 hectares ...
Hay muchas cosas que ver y disfrutar en Estambul, aquí una muestra:

Big Bus Tour of Istanbul, Bosphorous Cruise Tour and Food

RED ROUTE  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ETLgn_ubjSM   - (para cuando tengas 50 minutos)

 Crucero del Bosforo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qEAT93Pbu2E  (para cuando tengas 1 hr 10 min)

 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sMjBSk0oIxU  ( 18 min)

Vistas aéreas: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8LWZSGNjuF0  (4 min)

Istanbul city guide  - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JiN911mMHBk   (19 min)

El Gran Bazar de Estambul:? ?calles alrededor del bazar  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K27Z6nRM7uk&t=592s 

Llegada al Gran Bazaar:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BEB0h5gBfFs   (17 min)

Comida en Estambul:  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ohpn9LzdcWs   (25 min)

Kebab  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kuLw9Ko88aU 




Jihad in Denmark

 

In 2015, Omar El-Hussein listened to the imam Hajj Saeed, at the Hizb-ut-Tahrir- linked Al-Faruq-mosque in Copenhagen, decry interfaith dialogue as a "malignant" idea and explain that the right way, according to Mohammed, is to wage war on the Jews. The next day, El-Hussein went out and murdered Dan Uzan, the volunteer Jewish guard of the Jewish community, as he was standing in front of the Copenhagen synagogue. El-Hussein had also just murdered Finn Nørgaard, a film director, outside a meeting about freedom of speech.
Two years later, nothing has changed. A visiting imam from Lebanon at the Al-Faruq mosque, Mundhir Abdallah, is preaching to murder Jews:
"[Soon there will be] a Caliphate, which will instate the shari'a of Allah and revive the Sunna of His Prophet, which will wage Jihad for the sake of Allah, which will unite the Islamic nation after it disintegrated, and which will liberate the Al-Aqsa Mosque from the filth of the Zionists, so that the words of the Prophet Muhammad will be fulfilled: 'Judgement Day will not come until the Muslims fight the Jews and kill them. The Jews will hide behind the rocks and the trees, but the rocks and the trees will say: 'Oh Muslim, oh servant of Allah, there is a Jew behind me, come and kill him.' ..."
The "words of the Prophet" are from a well-known hadith, number 6985.
Far from hiding this incitement, the mosque posted the sermon, delivered on March 31, on the YouTube page of Al-Faruq Mosque on May 7. The invaluable research organization, MEMRI, translated it.
A reporter from Danish TV channel TV2 news, who recently spent two hours around the Al-Faruq mosque, could not find a single Muslim willing to condemn the imam. "I don't think he meant anything bad by it," said Bayan Hasan, a female student. Another Danish Muslim, Mohammed Hussein, incorrectly replied, "According to Islam, Muslims are not allowed to kill". The Quran verse 8:12, to mention one of many examples, says otherwise: "...I will cast terror into the hearts of those who disbelieved, so strike [them] upon the necks and strike from them every fingertip."
Denmark's Minister of Integration, Inger Støjberg, called on the mosque and all Muslims in Denmark to condemn the sermon. "If this had happened in a Danish church, it would not have been necessary to ask people to condemn it. It would have been automatic", she said.
Muslim organizations and imams have, in fact, been completely quiet on the matter. One leading imam, Naveed Baig, from the Danish Islamic Center, simply dismissed the sermon: "Islam as a religion cannot be anti-Semitic, as Islam itself is a Semitic religion", he said.
The Quran and the hadiths are in fact brimming with anti-Semitism, not to mention exhortations to kill Jews and other "infidels", and calls for jihad (war in the cause of Islam) -- a fact of which Naveed Baig is doubtless well aware.
According to the Quran, people who refuse to acknowledge Allah as the one true god are unbelievers destined for hell: "Verily Allah has cursed the unbelievers and prepared for them a blazing fire" (Quran 33:64). Muslims therefore are superior to all others:
"Ye are the best of peoples, evolved for mankind... believing in Allah... If only the People of the Book had faith, it were best for them: among them are some who have faith, but most of them are perverted transgressors." (Quran 3:110).
"Soon shall we cast terror into the hearts of the unbelievers... their abode will be the fire: And evil is the home of the wrong-doers." (Quran 3:151).
As for specific passages about the Jews, the Quranic passages 5:60 and 7:166 talk of the Jews being cursed and transformed by Allah into apes and pigs: "...those who incurred the curse of Allah and his wrath, those of whom some he transformed into apes and swine, those who worshipped evil..." This is the reason Jews today in large parts of the Muslim world are commonly called apes and pigs. Furthermore, "Jews and pagans [are] among the worst of the enemies of the believers". (Quran 5:82).
The Jews are described as hypocrites (Quran 2:14), and "slayers of His [Allah's] messengers" (Quran 2:61), who are "cunning" and "hate to see your success and rejoice if any misfortune befalls you" (Quran 3:120). These examples constitute only a part of the innumerable examples in the Quran and the hadiths, not to mention the writings of Islamic scholars.
Therefore, there is nothing unusual about imams calling for the murder of Jews in certain mosques, even in the West. In Canada, for example, in 2016, at Montreal's Dar Al-Arqam Mosque, an imam recited the same hadith about stones and trees asking Muslims to come and kill Jews hiding behind them.
In Denmark, however, among politicians, news of the sermon generated the usual "shock". Minister of Justice Søren Pape said it is "insane" that people such as the imam "exist in Denmark": "It is deeply unsympathetic," he said. "These are medieval thoughts and it makes me very sad that in Denmark in 2017 there are still people who really have not evolved further."
Other Danish politicians reacted with similar degrees of "shock" -- appearing utterly surprised by basic tenets of Islam, which have only been public for 1400 years.
Søren Pape hopes to solve the issue by prosecuting the imam. In December 2016, Denmark introduced a new provision in the penal code aimed at religious preachers. It is known in Denmark as the "imam provision," as it is, in practice, mainly aimed at imams. According to the provision, speaking approvingly of terror, murder, rape, violence, incest, pedophilia, coercion and polygamy, whether at private or public events, is prohibited and punishable by fine or prison of up to three years. The "imam provision" exists in addition to the general provision in the penal code, according to which it is prohibited and punishable by fine or prison publicly to threaten, insult or demean a group of persons because of their race, skin color, national or ethnic origin, faith or sexual orientation.
However, even if a Danish court should succeed in convicting the imam, Danish politicians appear to miss the critical fact that there is clearly a thirsty audience for sermons like this.
The Danish Jewish Community reported the imam to the police. Jewish community leader Dan Rosenberg told the newspaper Politiken: "We are concerned that weak and impressionable people may perceive this kind of preaching as a clear call to violence and terror against Jews." This sermon, however, is not a question of "perception": This sermon is a call to violence against Jews.
Danish Jews also have more reasons to feel threatened. In October 2015, a Danish girl, then 15, converted to Islam and immediately planned to bomb the Jewish school in Denmark (in addition to a plan to bomb her own school). Her mother, who was concerned about the girl's new behavior, desperately sought to alert the Danish authorities. The Danish police intelligence service (PET), told the mother not to worry, and assured her that her daughter would not "do anything", despite being told that her daughter was "desperate" to wage jihad. According to the mother:
"The only advice I got was to do with the food. They thought that if [my daughter] refused to eat pork and I insisted on making it for dinner, then I would have to make two separate dinners."
A few months after her daughter's conversion, in January 2016, the mother found a stash of chemicals in her basement and a note where her daughter had written the name of the Jewish school and its opening hours, and the words "jihad" and "Allah is great". The girl also apparently looked up to Omar El-Hussein, the terrorist who killed Dan Uzan and Finn Nørgaard, and even took his name as her own. After finding the chemicals, the mother reported the girl to the police. The girl is considered so dangerous that she spent part of her detainment in solitary confinement. Her trial recently ended; sentencing is expected mid-May.
As the Quran cannot be changed, it is crucial to make more broadly known what is in it, so at least people can see the facts confronting them, to help them determine what choices they might care to make for their own future and that of their children.

Copenhagen, Denmark. (Image source: Romina Amato/Red Bull via Getty Images)

Judith Bergman is a writer, columnist, lawyer and political analyst.

© 2017 Gatestone Institute. All rights reserved.
This message may  contain copyrighted material which is being made available for research of  environmental, political, human rights, economic, scientific, social justice  issues, etc., and constitutes a "fair use" of such copyrighted material per  section 107 of US Copyright Law. In accordance with Title 17 U.S.C. Section 107,  the material in this message is distributed without profit or payment to those  who have expressed a prior interest in receiving it for research/educational  purposes. For more information go to:  http://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/17/107.shtml

 





Maremma Sheepdogs keep watch over Little Penguins
On Guard by Debbie Lustig 

Published on The Bark (http://thebark.com)
         thebark.com/content/maremma-sheepdogs-keep-watch-over-little-penguins 
 


Dogs and birds are not always good companions. Dogs and wild seabirds? You must be joking! Whose dog hasn’t bounded around at the beach, sending up flurries of panicked gulls? However, in Australia, a dog/bird experiment with potentially global significance for conservation is taking place. On a tiny island near the Victorian coastal town of Warrnambool, Maremma Sheepdogs (livestock guardian dogs) are hard at work protecting Little Penguins, the smallest of the penguin species. And not only are the birds thriving and breeding, predation losses from foxes — their chief killers — have ceased.

Maremmas have been traced back 2,000 years to the Italian region of Abruzzo, where they defended herd animals from thieves and wild predators, notably wolves. Prized for their protective skills, they were successfully introduced to the U.S. in the 1970s and later, Canada, South Africa and South America. Australia first imported them in 1982.

With their floppy ears, shaggy, white coats and placid demeanor, Maremmas look unthreatening and act calmly around sheep, goats and poultry. Unlike herding breeds that nip and chase, Maremmas do not confront livestock but integrate with them, forming social bonds.

Some of this is heredity; the dogs are bred to be docile. They also bond to the animals they’re to look after so they identify them as members of their pack. This bonding takes place through the critical period of socialization — eight to 16 weeks — until the dogs are about 12 months old. During this time, they are monitored closely for harmful play behavior. The dogs scent-mark their territory, indicating their boundaries to potential predators, and disrupt hunters by vigorous barking. They defend rather than act as aggressors.

As Sydney, Australia, Maremma breeder Cecilia McDonald says, “The dogs work by instinct. But they need to be introduced to the stock they’re looking after so they can differentiate the predators from what is to be protected.”

In 2005, the Little Penguins of Middle Island were in desperate need of protection. One of the world’s most loved animals, this penguin species lives only in New Zealand and southern Australia. With their cute waddle and fascinating life cycle, they’re incredibly popular: the colony at Phillip Island, south of Melbourne, attracts a halfmillion visitors annually.

Middle Island, just beyond the Warrnambool breakwater in Stingray Bay, is a very different place. Uninhabited, forbiddingly steepsided and only 1.5 hectares (3.7 acres), its south face backs onto the wild Southern Ocean, into which the penguins dive up to 60 meters (roughly 197 feet) for fish and squid. Little Penguins had raised chicks in burrows near the island’s sandy summit for decades, the colony peaking at around 1,500 individuals. In the 1990s, when volunteers began record keeping, 700 penguins lived there.

At low tide, when the channel separating it from land is less than six inches deep, Middle Island becomes accessible to an introduced species, the European red fox, with disastrous consequences. For several years, the foxes wreaked havoc, killing dozens of penguins in unpredictable, nocturnal sprees. At the same time, human use of the fragile island increased, and burrows were trampled, crushing penguin eggs and chicks. In response, the Warrnambool City Council tried various predator-control methods (which failed) and built a 280-meter (919-foot) boardwalk to keep people off the rookery area. Even so, from 2000 to 2005, penguin numbers plummeted to fewer than 10. The colony was at the point of no return.

Enter Dave Williams. The environmental science student was working part-time on an organic egg farm, where Allan Marsh, his employer, used Maremmas for fox control. Hearing of the penguin massacres, Marsh made a perceptive remark: “All they need is a couple of [Maremma] dogs on that island.”

Williams agreed. He approached the Warrnambool City Council in 2005, asking to test the idea. After lengthy discussion, the council decided to give the dogs a four-week trial. Oddball, an experienced chicken guardian, was the first chosen for penguin duty. Six years — and six dogs — later, the experiment continues.

Initially, Williams camped on the island and supervised Oddball to determine her level of affinity with the seabirds. Things went so well that after a week, he left the dog alone at night to do her work.

“There were chicks in burrows already,” he explains. “We needed to know how they’d interact. Would the penguins accept the dog? Some birds were bolder than others. While some walked straight past the dog, others waited until the dog moved away before coming out of the sea.”

With only two breeding pairs, it was easy to gauge the success of the experiment. Chick weights were monitored to determine how the dogs affected the penguins. “If the chicks were healthy and gaining weight, that showed the parents were coming back to feed them. Weights showed they were progressing normally.”

Williams visited once a day to bring food and water for Oddball and to check on her health. Oddball got along with the penguins, but after three weeks, she ran away — back to Marsh’s farm. Another experienced chickenguardian dog, Missy, replaced her, but it wasn’t long before she also left the island for her farm home. By the time the trial ended after four weeks, the penguin chicks had fledged (grown up) and no penguins had died from fox predation. Another trial was planned for the following year.

In anticipation, puppies Electra and Neve were acquired at eight weeks of age and spent six months bonding to chickens at Marsh’s farm. Human contact was minimized and the young dogs settled in well. Williams, now a council employee, brought his dog Esta to demonstrate her calm demeanor around the penguins, and he was able to reduce the time he spent with the dogs. Then, disaster struck.

Some 10 penguins were found dead from internal bleeding. Almost certainly, they were killed in play by Electra and Neve. “It’s common with juvenile Maremmas,” says Williams. “With a sheep or a goat, the dog doesn’t really hurt the animal. When it’s a onekilogram penguin, they can’t stand up to that sort of puppy stuff.” Under public pressure, the council relieved them of their duties and Williams’ dog Esta took over patrols.

These problems were part of the learning process. As Williams reflects, “No one had done anything vaguely like it before. It’s an evolving project. We were constantly having discussions about how we could do things better.”

The fol lowing year, two new pups — dubbed Eudy and Tula (after the penguin species’ Latin name, Eudyptula minor) — joined the guarding effort. They’re now almost two years old and proving their worth. As with the first group of dogs, no penguins have been lost to fox attacks on their watch. Middle Island’s colony of Little Penguins now numbers 205.

Little Penguins have a sharply defined routine. In summer, the breeding season, they spend their days at sea, hunting fish. Returning at sunset to feed their chicks, they noisily socialize until dawn the next day. After breeding, they go into a molt for three weeks, replacing all their feathers. Particularly vulnerable at this time, they can starve as they cannot swim to hunt for food. In winter, they may stay at sea several days before building nests prior to mating in the early spring, when the cycle starts again.

Teaching a dog to guard birds who are not there all day — or all week — was always going to be hard. And as Oddball and Missy demonstrated, teaching a dog to stay on an island when she can trot off it at low tide proved even harder. The dogs’ training involved gradual exposure to the penguins at different times of day, for longer and longer periods. Esta, who was trustworthy with the birds, guided Eudy and Tula’s interactions.

“Esta’s reaction to the penguins showed the puppies that they were not to be feared. There are Short-tailed Shearwaters breeding out there too, so we exposed the puppies to all those phases and the different seasons. They got a picture of what’s normal on the island,” Williams says.

Dave Williams left Warrnambool for a wildlife officer job in nearby Portland, where he supervises another Maremma program for guarding Australasian Gannets, a large seabird. His successor is Paul Hartrick, who now heads a three-person team with responsibility for the Middle Island Maremmas.

The dogs aren’t obedience trained. For one thing, according to Williams, “the more obedient they are, the less they think for themselves.” This independence is vital, as the dogs are alone for long periods. For another, obedience could be harmful. Says Hartrick, “[Unfortunately] people are going over there. The last thing we want is for the dogs to respond to ‘sit,’ ‘stay’ or ‘come’ — to people trying to get them to come off the island. If they show undesirable behaviors, we use loud, abrupt vocal noises. It distracts them and they switch off from what they were thinking about.”

Another problem was evident from the start: Eudy and Tula occasionally left the island, possibly chasing foxes. An electric fence with solar-powered perimeter wire is now in place, and the dogs wear collars that emit warning beeps.

During the summer months, Eudy and Tula have two days off per week, which they spend at a bush block (a plot of undeveloped land covered with native vegetation) stocked with chickens. They’ve been there full-time since the end of summer and will go back to work on the island when penguin breeding commences. In the future, “the girls” will work year-round, and after six to eight years of guardian duty, will then help train their replacements. Hartrick believes the project could have benefits for other animals as well. “Dogs like this can be used for other native fauna that could use a helping hand.”

When I met Hartrick in February 2011, we visited Stingray Bay, from which Middle Island rises, sheer, stark and rocky. The tide was low and we took off our shoes and sloshed across the shallow channel. Together, we ascended the access stairway. Aware of a presence above us, I looked up: there were Eudy and Tula, doing their job, not letting me out of their sight.

Debbie Lustig is a freelance writer based in Melbourne, Australia. She is a volunteer guide at a local penguin colony and enjoys training Timmy, her Corgi/Jack Russell cross.
Photographs by Dave Williams



Hum . . .   Something to think about  . . .  We humans are all a funny bunch . . .
God bless Humanity, we need it!!

================================== ==================================
 
With Brexit and Britain out of the EU, why should Europe continue to speak English and continue being "linguistically manipulated" by non-members who don’t wont to be part of the organization anyway!?
 
The European Commission has just announced an agreement whereby English will be the official language of the European Union rather than German, which was the other possibility.
 
As part of the negotiations, the British Government conceded that English spelling had some room for improvement and has accepted a 5-year phase-in plan that would become known as "Euro-English."
 
In the first year, "s" will replace the soft "c." Sertainly, this will make the sivil servants jump with joy.  The hard "c" will be dropped in favour of "k."  This should klear up konfusion, and keyboards kan have one less letter.
 
There will be growing publik enthusiasm in the sekond year when the troublesome "ph" will be replaced with "f."  This will make words like fotograf 20% shorter.
 

 


In the 3rd year, publik akseptanse of the new spelling kan be expekted to reach the stage where more komplikated changes are possible.
 
Governments will enkourage the removal of double letters which have always ben a deterent to akurate speling.
 
Also, al wil agre that the horibl mes of the silent "e" in the languag is disgrasful and it should go away.
 
By the 4th yer people wil be reseptiv to steps such as replasing "th" with "z" and "w" with "v."
 
During ze fifz yer, ze unesesary "o" kan be dropd from vords kontaining "ou" and after ziz fifz yer, ve vil hav a reil sensibl riten styl.
 
Zer vil be no mor trubl or difikultis and evrivun vil find it ezi tu understand ech oza.  Ze drem of a united urop vil finali kum tru.
 
Und efter ze fifz yer, ve vil al be speking German like zey vunted in ze forst plas.
 

 

  Dear Primos and Friends:

I have a happy report to share.  May 10th, the Westminster City Council approved the building of a monument to recognize and honor all those families in the Mendez vs Westminster School District case.  The Mendez vs. Westminster, et al case was the lead case nationally for school desegregation.   This successful effort by Mexican-American families in Orange County  pre-dated the Brown vs Topeka, Kansas by seven years. 

Yvonne Duncan Gonzalez, California State LULAC officer reported that the meeting was well attended and it went very well. Among community advocates, was a teacher from Golden West College, with students,  as well as Cypress City College students.  Mary Alice Sedillo , Anaheim LULAC member spoke of the legacy of the case. 

The Mayor and Sergio Contreras (Past Mayor and current Council Member)  were commended by the city manager.  The Westminster City staff was directed to find a location for the placement of the statue.   There is no estimated cost yet.  I will keep everyone informed.

For information on the case, please do a site search on the Somos Primos homepage: 
Click here: Mendez vs Westminster - Google Search

Below is the Table of Contents for June, a little late in posting . . . SO much going on. 
Thank you all for sharing positive Latino activity in your area. 

God bless America,  Mimi

  06/03/2017 08:29 AM
TABLE OF CONTENTS


UNITED STATES
With Gratitude on Memorial Day by Gilberto Quezada 
The Challenge Coin sent by Erasmo "Doc" Riojos
Memorial Day: Remembering Our Past and Those Who Shaped It by Felipe de Ortego y Gasca
April 28th Jovita Carranza appointed by President Trump as the 44th treasurer of the United States
LULAC Congratulates Jovita Carranza for her Nomination as U.S. Treasurer
Rotary lunch honoring students serves up hope by Steve Lopez
America's Hispanics Emerging as a Force in Philanthropy by Sarah Murray
2017 LULAC National Convention & Exposition July 4-8  San Antonio, Texas
2017 NCLR National Council of La Raza, Annual Conference July 8-11 Phoenix, Arizona
Latino Media Market 
The FBI released 27 new photos of the Pentagon on 9/11
United States Constitution, free online course
America's 11 Most Endangered Historic Places
Joe López:  Copper and Tin Equals Bronze  
Marijuana May Boost, Rather Than Dull, the Elderly Brain

The Hispanic Legacy in the United States, words of Dr. Refugio I. Rochin

Spanish Presence in the Americas' Roots
The Arrival of Horses in North America  
Get to know Bernardo de Galvez
1803 Battle of San Diego Bay at U.S. Naval Base in Point Loma
On May 22, the Hon. Judge Edward Butler spoke to the Boerne Literary Society, on the topic: 
"Without the Assistance of Spain in the American Revolutionary War, we would still be flying the British Flag."


Heritage Projects
Latino Role Models & Success, Role Model PODCAST Series  by Armando F. Sanchez
AARP Arizona Hispanic Connection: Radio dedicated to educate, celebrate, and connect, West Coast

The Michael Calderin Radio Show, East Coast

Historic Tidbits

Glowwounds of the US Civil War 
May 13, 1846: President Polk declares war on Mexico
Treaties of Velasco 
First Families: The Awakening Journey
Children of the Greatest Generation, A Short Memoir


Hispanic Leaders
Margie C. Talaugon. Community Organizer 
Juan José Gastélum Salcidor, Mexican Senator and Masonic, 33 Degree
Mel Jurado, California LULAC State Director

American Patriots

A letter from Alfred Lugo, Documentary Producer/Playwright/ Veteran Advocate
Arsenal of Democracy: 
The National  World War II Museum in New Orleans
Government website, concerning "Diversity in World War I"  Hispanic/Latinos Excluded
The Animals That Helped Win World War I

Education
Educator Gilberto Quezada Recalls Career Highlights with the San Antonio Independent School District 
California-Mexico Studies Center  Summer 2017 Program Participants Met for the First Time

May 23rd, 1984 - - Landmark Public Education Suit Filed


Religion
Christian
Prayer in the White House Again

Culture
Latin Music USA
Curandero, a Life in Mexican Folk Healing by Dr. Eliseo Torres with Timothy L. Sawyer, Jr.
Josefina Lopez, Playwright/Screenwriter/Writer opens Casa Fina Restaurant & Cantina

Books and Print Media
Sofia and Pepe's Adventure Series by Albert Monreal Quihuis
Maria Teresa Marquez and CHICLE: The First Chicana/o Electronic Mailing List 
Mario from the Barrio by Mario R. Vazquez
Betrayal & Conquer, an American Story: Over-coming Hardship & Adversity by
Dr. Ramona Ortega 
Tejano Tiger Jose de los Santos Benavides and the Texas-Mexico Borderlands, 1823-1891 
        by
Dr. Jerry D. Thompson
Gods, Gachupines and Gringos: A People's History of Mexico by Richard Grabman
Joe Sanchez Picon Supercop and Author of four books, latest Yellow Streak
Robert James Waller and Chicano literature by Felipe de Ortego y Gasca

Surnames
Domecq 

Family History
How about dated photos, as a part of your family history?  
Searching Ancestors using Civil Registration Records
Obituarieshelp.org  
New Historic Records on FamilySearch: Week of 22 May 2017

Orange County, CA
June 10th SHHAR Hon. Judge Fredrick Aguirre: Latino Advocates for Education and Veteran Projects
June 6th,  Association of Latino Professionals For America's initiative focuses on professional Latinas 
Fountain Valley Historical Society dedicated  the Courreges Tank House 
Voces de Liberación: Latinas and Politics in Southern California Display runs through June 21
Graduation Rates Continue to Rise in Santa Ana Unified School District
San Juan Capistrano Historical Society and Los Rios Street, oldest residential Street in California
Huntington Beach April Colonial Festival 

Heritage Museum of Orange County Progress Report 
SHHAR Reference Books made available at El Modena Library


Los Angeles County, CA
June 4th: El Rocio USA 2017
June 9th: Long Beach Opera and MoLAA present: Frida Pain and Passion with Gregorio Luke
June 10th: Book signing: Dust Unto Shadow, by Linda La Roche
June 17: Immigrant Stories, Floricanto Center for the Performing Arts
What's New at the Leonis Adobe Museum?
Very Impressive - -  the Archival Box and the Vela Family Letters 

Book: The House of Aragon by Michael Perez, available on Somos Primos, 
          Los Angeles after World War II, click


California 
Plans for statue of Gen. Mariano Vallejo in Sonoma Plaza, CA proves divisive
Re-Opening of the Officer's Club in the San Francisco Presidio by Martha Vallejo-McGettigan
June 22nd -24th: Conference of California Historical Society Annual, Roseville, Placer County, CA.
Language and culture celebrated at City College, San Diego
Mission Local:   Local San Francisco news for a global neighborhood
How the attack on Pearl Harbor changed the course of California


Northwestern US
Territorio de Nutca, claimed by Spain, 1789-1795, 
    

Southwestern US
Ferrer-Dalmau pinta el descbrimiento español del Cañón del Colorado
June 23rd: New Mexico DNA Project
In Arizona, teachers can now be hired with absolutely no training in how to teach

Texas
May 15, 1755, Tomás Sánchez de la Barrera y Garza founded Laredo with his family and several
May 19th, 1836 -- Indians take captives at Fort Parker
Looking Ahead: 38th Annual Texas Hispanic Genealogical and Historical Conference
First Texas First Lady (Maria Josefa Uribe Gutiérrez de Lara)
by José Antonio López 
Tejano History Month which is May15 thru April 15, 2017. 
Texas HIstory E Books:  Take Texas HIstory with you Wherever You Go.

Middle America
Manuel Pérez Jr., Congressional Medal of Honor Recipient
About Anyone Can Marry - That is the Easy Part by Rudy Padilla
From Monterrey to the Highlands of Vietnam by Rudy Padilla


East Coast
Eighth, annual Battle of Bloody Mose Commemoration

Caribbean Region
Through the Eyes of Rebel Women, The Young Lords: 1969-1976
Meneito (means to wiggle) with Dance
The Jewish Conquistadors by Edward Kritzler

Indigenous
1882: Tom Torlino, a Navajo man, transforms his look 
May 18th, 1871 - Attack on wagon train precipitates decisive Indian war

American Indians are Still Getting a Raw Deal
Native Americans Walk to the Four Corners to Fight Diabetes by Judy Sarasohn,


Sephardic
The Jewish community in Greece, the oldest community in Europe
Mexico and Moral Courage:  Celebrating the 50th Anniversary of Jerusalem’s Reunification
Herencia Sefardi, Pobladores y sus descendientes del Valle del Guajuco lo que ahora es Allende N,L.

Archaeology
Humans were in America (California) 100,000 years earlier than we thought
Earliest dental fillings discovered in 13,000-year-old skeleton
New Evidence of Mysterious Homo naledi Raises Questions about How Humans Evolved

Mexico
Rarámuri runner wins Puebla ultramarathon
Goliad, Texas is the official site in the State of Texas for observing the Cinco de Mayo  
Mexico's Temporary Program for Regularization of Migrants (TPRM)
Tracing My Roots in Ganajuato, Leon, and Silaos Haciendas and Ranchos (1734-1945) by
        Mauricio Javier González 
Registros de matrimonio de don Manuel y don Josè Leonardo Salinas Fernàndez
Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Aramburu (1783 – 1824)
El bautismo de Blas Antonio, Marìa de Couto
Nacimiento de Escritor e Historiador y Cronista de Monterrey Don Josè P. Saldaña
Bautismo del niño Maximiliano Miguel Lòpez y Castillo
Arts of Colonial Mexico. May/June 2017
Señor General don Francisco Garcìa Conde.
Archivos eclesiásticos de México
Majestuosos Penachos Aztecas en la fiesta de la Santa Cruz

Central & South America
Institucio Catalana de Genealogia i Heráldica 
Todo historia y mucha genealogia... sobre todo de los dirigentes de Centro América.
La Historia que desconocíamos, San Martin, Inglaterra y el oro peruano 
New Epic Route Will Connect 17 National Parks

La Historia que desconocíamos !    

Philippines
The Expression, I love You in Tagalog, the National Language of the Philippines by Eddie AAA Calderón, Ph.D.

Spain
Book: "Spain in our Hearts Americans in Spanish Civil War 1936-1939"  by Adam Hochschild
Primeras mujeres catedráticas y doctoras de la historia de España, siglo XVI
El bombardeo de Constantinopla por galeras españolas en 1616
Sarmiento de Gamboa by José Antonio Crespo-Francés 
San Francisco de Guadalajara (España), Un verdadero tesoro cultural


International 
Our Memorial Day Celebrated in the Czech Republic - Czechoslovakia
Constantinople  - - - -  Estambul
Jihad in Denmark by Judith Bergman
Maremma Sheepdogs keep watch over Little Penguins, "On Guard" by Debbie Lustig 

Hum . . .   Something to think about 

 

                                06/03/2017 12:30 PM