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Editor: Mimi
Lozano
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Victoria is the 99th Rose
Bowl Queen, the 4th Latina in the last ten years. 2017 is the 128 Rose
Parade and the 103rd Rose Bowl Game. This annual event takes place in Pasadena,
CA. Officially Victoria is supposed to be called the Queen of the Tournament of Roses. Click The photo is from the cover of a special parade edition, by the Pasadena Star-News and the Southern California News Group. |
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January 2017 Submitters or attributed to . . . .
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Letters to the Editor |
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Estimada Sra. Lozano, |
Dear Sra. Mimi - Thank You very much for the review, as
well as including the additional information.
I have already received some feed back from readers. I can see
that your Somos Primos newsletter is an important item covering a wide,
wide range of significant, newsworthy information for you the
Hispano/Latino reader - please keep up this outstanding work and
literary contributions.
P.O. 490 |
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| Quotes and Thoughts to Consider | |
| "The more numerous the laws, the more corrupt the government." Roman Empire Senator and Historian Tacitus | |
| "Our prayers may be awkward. Our attempts may be feeble. But since the power of prayer is in the One who hears it and not in the one who says it, our prayers do make a difference." -Max Lucado | |
| "Your success and happiness lies in you. Resolve to keep happy, and your joy and you, shall form an invincible host against difficulties." —Helen Keller | |
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2017 Rose Queen Victoria
Castellanos and her court |
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| Selection: The competition is a month-long
process. After a first-round introduction, about 250 young women
return for an interview. that group is culled to 75, then to 25
finalists. Seven are selected to be in the Royal Court. They
all send a weekend together in Newport Beach, being watched by the
committee to see who emerges as the leader. That one is named
queen. Open to women ages 17-21 who live and attend school within
the Pasadena City College district boundaries. |
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Jessica Simpson Lyrics |
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Volunteers at Phoenix Decorating Co.'s facility in Pasadena work on the United Sikh Mission's Roe Parade float, which depicts the Golden Temple in Amritsar,India, the religion's holiest site. |
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In fall 2014, Newport Beach resident Minu Kaur Singh began scouring Google for information about designing and building floats. It was the first opportunity the Sikh community had to showcase its culture and religion in the Rose Parade, and Singh needed a quick tutorial. Given the 2015 theme “Inspiring Stories,” Singh and her team created a float that featured a replica of the Stockton gurdwara, the first Sikh temple to be built in the United States, in 1912. Last Rose Parade, the float was an explosion of color, music and dance, as it showed how the community celebrates the harvest festival of Baisakhi, with sweets, street carnivals and spritely Bhangra dancers. On Monday, the group’s third time in the parade, the Sikh American float will showcase the most sacred symbol for Sikhs worldwide – the Golden Temple in Amritsar, India. But the float also is a way to counter acts of hate increasingly being directed at Sikhs in California. Members of the community have been victims of hate crimes, bullying and other negative expressions since 9/11. Sikh men are often targets of hate crimes because of their appearance – they wear turbans and long beards and are mistakenly identified as Muslims. The number of incidents against Sikhs has increased noticeably over the last few months, said Los Angeles resident Bhajneet Singh. “Since the election, we’ve heard reports of incidents where people have been beaten, especially the elderly, which is disheartening,” he said. “We’ve had reports of verbal abuse.” The Sikh community Rose Parade float was born from a desire to stem this tide of bullying and intimidation, Bhajneet Singh said. “We don’t want to wait for bad things to happen to us,” he said. “We want to participate in this event that is so quintessentially American to let people know that we’ve been here for a long time. We dance, sing and celebrate just like everyone. The only difference is our turban and facial hair.” Minu Kaur Singh said the Golden Temple on the float ties in beautifully with the parade’s 2017 theme: “Echoes of Success.” “When we say success, it’s not just about material things,” she said. “For Sikhs, ours is a collective success.” Sikhs end their daily prayers with the Punjabi phrase “sarbhat da bhala,” a prayer for the “welfare of all.” So, she said, the temple is a symbol of the Sikhs’ collective success and well-being. The original Golden Temple was built in 1601 and is regarded as the abode of God’s spiritual attribute. It is also home to the Akal Takht, or “the throne of the timeless one,” viewed as the seat of God’s temporal authority. The temple was built as a place of worship for men and women from all walks of life, even all religions. The four entrances to the temple, representing the four directions, symbolize the openness of the Sikhs to all people and religions. The four doors will be prominently featured in the Rose Parade replica, with each door bearing a word that is integral to the principles of Sikhism – love, freedom, service and justice, Minu Kaur Singh said. Over several days leading up to the parade, hundreds of volunteers have worked in shifts to help glue on powdered yellow straw flowers, gold clovers, flax seeds and turmeric to the replica to get that iconic golden sheen just right. Bhajneet Singh said the Sikh community floats to date have been met with “smiles and awesomeness.” “People take pictures of us, the float,” he said. “They ask us questions and we answer them. It’s been overwhelmingly positive.” The float excites Sikhs throughout Southern California, said Christine Udhwani, an Ontario resident who attends the Riverside Gurdwara in Jurupa Valley. Udhwani said she is delighted by her community’s decision to prominently feature the Golden Temple, which she has visited several times. “For me, it’s the most peaceful place in the world,” she said. Udhwani particularly recalls the “langar,” or community kitchen, at the Golden Temple, which serves hot meals daily to between 50,000 and 100,000 people. The community kitchen is an integral part of all Sikh temples. “It’s our way of giving back to the community,” Udhwani said. “We prepare the food ourselves, we sit on the floor and eat together. This humbling act makes us all equal regardless of caste, race or economic status.” Hate incidents against Sikhs are happening because of fear and misunderstanding, she said. “We look different, but that’s nothing to be afraid of,” Udhwani said. “We have the same values as our American neighbors.” Contact the writer: 714-796-7909 or dbharath@ocregister.com Editor Mimi: Much of my early years
visiting family, was traveling between our home in Los Angeles to visit
our Chapa families in Stockton. I had frequently seen men with
turbans, but had not seriously questioned or wondered about who they
were. SEE: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sikh_philosophy |
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The 2016 Diverse Women in Media Forum presented by Starz, PBS and CBS Diversity took place Tuesday, December 6 at the Pacific Design Center in West Hollywood. It was NALIP’s honor to host the Forum, which undoubtedly made an impact and succeeded in bringing talented diverse women together to connect, network and empower each other. Let’s take a look at the highlights of a successful and inspiring evening!
The Diverse Women in Media Forum opened with the “Executive
Decisions: A Conversation with Leading Women”. It truly was held by
leading women starting with, Bela Bajaria, VP of Content for Netflix,
Samie Falvey, CCO of Verizon/AwesomenessTV, Christina Davis, EVP of Drama
Series Development at CBS Entertainment, Aisha Summers, Director of Drama
Development & Programming at Fox Broadcasting Company, Gina Reyes,
Creative Executive at Fox Entertainment Group and moderated by Julie Ann
Crommett, Entertainment Industry Educator in Chief at Google. These
influential women engaged in conversation and gave an exclusive look on
being leaders and having the power to incorporate narratives of inclusion.
Following the first session was the energetic and truly inspiring “Producers’ Insights: Creating Hits as Women Producers”. It featured incredible producers including, Effie Brown (Duly Noted Inc.), Laura Walker (AG Capital), Michelle Knudsen (MXN Entertainment), Silvia Olivas (Elena of Avalor), Sandra Condito (Straight Up Films), Gloria Calderon (One Day at a Time) and moderated by CAA’s Talitha Watkins. These pioneering industry professionals discussed topics spanning from: what it means to be a “Producer” to the challenges and opportunities in today’s evolving and thriving television landscape.
NALIP wants to send a special thank you to the Diverse Women in Media Forum Committee and Sponsors for making the Forum possible. |
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Dazzling jewelry that gives back by Kathleen Ricards San Francisco Chronicle, December 22, 2016
Trisha Ashworth readily admits that she does not need
any more jewelry — which may seem a bit odd coming from someone who
runs a jewelry business. But Ashworth, who was raised in the Montclair
district of Oakland and now lives in Chicago, and her friend Amy
Nobile, who’s based in New York City, had more than just bracelets
and earrings in mind when they launched Ash + Ames in 2014.
It started when the two — who wrote a series of
books on motherhood and marriage, including “I Was a Really Good Mom
Before I Had Kids” and “I’d Trade My Husband for a Housekeeper”
— were looking for the next chapter in their lives. That led them to
Haiti, where they found female artisans creating bracelets out of cow
horn and wood from a tree called guayacan. They fell in love with both
the designs and the people, which sparked an idea: to simultaneously
help empower female artisans around the world and women in the United
States, such as the moms they had interviewed for their books. Many of
those moms, like Ashworth and Nobile, were now looking to reinvent
themselves. (Or maybe just earn a little extra cash.) |
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Lft-Rt: Trisha Ashworth and Amy Nobile |
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The result is a direct-selling business model with a
charitable aim. The jewelry is handmade by women in places such as
Haiti, Sri Lanka and Turkey and sold online and through direct-sales
representatives the company calls “ambassadors.” Ambassadors (five
of whom live in the Bay Area) have the option of donating 10 percent
of their sales to any charity of their choosing. Sales from the
Haitian-made pieces go directly to communities in Haiti, after
deducting commission amounts to the ambassadors.
“What’s so beautiful about this business model is
it really does give women the opportunity to be able to sell jewelry
that they believe in, that’s purposeful, that’s meaningful,
that’s not just another piece of jewelry,” said Ashworth, sitting
at a cafe in Oakland’s Rockridge neighborhood. “It has so much
storytelling behind it.”
Ashworth and Nobile collaborate with the artisans to
create one-of-a-kind designs that have a classic yet modern feel.
(About 30 percent of the pieces are Ashworth and Nobile’s own
designs, made in New York City.) One of the challenges the two women
faced was how to take the raw materials the artisans work with, such
as wood and beads, and turn them into more elegant jewelry. They give
one example of Lula Mena, a designer and artisan from El Salvador, who
makes jewelry out of white seeds she calls “seeds of joy.”
“We figured out a way to hollow out the seeds and
string them together with pavé diamonds, and they became a
best-seller,” said Nobile.
Many of the pieces, such as hand-hammered hoops and a
gold spiral ring (both $210) are understated and refined enough to
wear everyday. But the most interesting designs are the boldest, such
as a 14-karat gold-filled cage choker ($460) and a gold chain
bib-style necklace ($975). Celebrities such as Beyoncé, Serena
Williams and Jessica Alba have been spotted wearing Ash + Ames. But
these pieces aren’t out of reach — they also have a more
moderately priced line for teens, and the pair are working to make
their jewelry even more affordable. The sleek guayacan wood pieces
made in Haiti — including a choker, two cuffs and a ring (from $95
to $160) — are particularly worth snatching up.
And you can
feel good while doing so. Ashworth and Nobile hand-deliver the money
back to Haiti. They’ve helped educate children and build houses. And
they’re the first startup to be part of the U.N.’s Ethical Fashion
Initiative.
“We are the
only brand that is marrying social retail with this storytelling and
give-back in this way,” Nobile said. “And that’s why we’re so
excited. We’re trailblazing in that way. And we’re finding a big
appetite for it.”
— Kathleen Richards
Shop Ash + Ames: www.ashandames.com
Click here: Dazzling jewelry that gives back - San Francisco Chronicle Editor Mimi: With great pleasure, I share
these young
mothers success in a business venture recognized by the United Nation as
the UNs first startup in their Ethical Fashion Initiative.
This is quite an
accomplishment. Proudly, Trisha is the daughter of my first cousin
Val Valdez Gibbons. Hooray . . . |
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Dear Mrs. Lozano Holtzman, People know that Hillsdale educates college students here on our campus. We’ve been doing it since 1844. They also know that our online courses on topics like the Constitution and free market economics have reached millions of people, most of whom are past their college years. But many have asked me: What can we do for our children? They ask this because the most formative years of life are the earliest, and because K-12 education in America has become a dismal failure under the increased influence of state and federal bureaucrats and the increased power of teachers unions. Now I have an answer to that question. And I’d like you to join me to help lead a revolution in American K-12 education. Warm regards, Larry P. Arnn President, Hillsdale College [Editor Mimi: I have gone online for the free Constitution classes, extremely informative presentations. They are well done by a variety of professors speaking on points of their expertise. Strongly recommend to teachers for classroom adjunct resources, plus for family discussions. Find out more below: |
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| Hillsdale College How we can make American K-12 education excellent again American public schools are failing under the increased influence of state and federal bureaucrats and the increased power of teachers unions. Charter schools provide a way to reform the failing status quo. And since they are still public schools, they are open to all children, do not charge tuition, and do not have special entrance requirements. |
Hillsdale, as you know, has
been in the business of college education since 1844. More recently we’ve
become involved in K-12 education, helping to establish classical K-12
charter schools nationwide. Hillsdale’s Barney Charter School Initiative offers young Americans the excellent education they deserve, one grounded in the classical liberal arts, and one that includes a proper attention to American civics. This Initiative has been a big success—there are already 16 Hillsdale-affiliated classical K-12 charter schools operating nationwide. And starting next year our country will have a Secretary of Education who champions charter schools rather than opposing them. |
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| That’s why we must push this
initiative forward right now—to expand our efforts to more states
and provide more models of the very best kind of K-12 schools for
young Americans. Your gift to support Hillsdale’s Barney Charter School Initiative will help found additional K-12 schools nationwide that provide models of what young Americans deserve. Hillsdale’s Barney Charter School Initiative: (1) Provides help and guidance in founding classical charter schools to groups of parents and citizens who care deeply about education in their communities; (2) Designs school curricula that are grounded in the liberal arts and sciences and that include instruction in American history and civics; and (3) Provide ongoing guidance and training for the teachers and principals at these schools.
I attach a link to a recording of a special teletownhall event we held
earlier this week. In this audio clip, I explain Hillsdale’s Barney
Charter School Initiative, which provides an essential alternative to
our failing public K-12 schools.
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33 E. College St. Hillsdale, MI 49242 | Phone: (517) 437-7341 | Fax: (517) 437-3923 |
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Very Questionable uses of Donations |
Organizations who deserve your support. | |||
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AMERICAN RED CROSS President and CEO Marsha J. Evans' salary for the year was $651,957 plus expenses MARCH OF DIMES It is called the March of Dimes because only a dime for every 1 dollar is given to the needy. THE UNITED WAY President Brian Gallagher receives a $375,000 base salary along with numerous expense benefits. UNICEF CEO Caryl M. Stern receives $1,200,000 per year (100k per month) plus all expenses including a Rolls Royce. Less than 5 cents of your donated dollar goes to the cause. GOODWILL CEO and owner Mark Curran profits $2.3 million a year. You donate to his business and then he sells the items for PROFIT. He pays nothing for his products and pays his workers minimum wage! $0.00 goes to help anyone! |
All donations to Veteran groups go
to help veterans and families and youth!
American Legion National Commander receives a $0.00 zero salary. Veterans of Foreign Wars National Commander receives $0.00 zero salary. Disabled American Veterans National Commander receives a $0.00 zero salary. Military Order of Purple Hearts Commander receives $0.00 zero salary. Vietnam Veterans Assn National Commander receives $0.00 zero salary. Make a Wish: For children's last wishes. 100% goes to funding trips or special wishes for a dying child. St. Jude Research Hospital 100% goes towards funding and helping Children with Cancer who have no insurance and cannot afford to pay. Ronald McDonald Houses All monies go to running the houses for parents who have critically ill Children in the hospital. 100% goes to housing, and feeding the families. Lions Club International 100% of donations go to help the blind, buy hearing aides, support medical missions around the the world. Their latest undertaking is measles vaccinations. COMPARE GOODWILL WITH SALVATION ARMY Salvation Army Commissioner, Todd Bassett receives a small salary of only $13,000 per year (plus housing) for managing this $2 billion dollar organization. 96 % percent of donated dollars go to the cause. |
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| Sent
by Joseph Parr jlskcd2005@aol.com |
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I
recently discovered ElderAction and think you should know about it. Jim
and Caroline James, the founders, are on a mission of great importance
for seniors. http://www.roberttell.com/single-post/2016/10/06/What-is-ElderAction Caroline James wrote to me and included the following: Another way I like to show support to the senior community is to write brand new research-based articles for sites like yours. If you’d like me to write one for you (no charge!), please let me know! Thanks!
Caroline James Below
are articles which Caroline sent along: Aging in Place with a Little Help from Roommates, Neighbors and Teenagers 5 Winter Hazards & How Seniors Can Avoid Them Wheelchair and Handicap Ramp Cost Guide Symptoms Seniors Can’t Afford to Ignore Preparing Your Home for a Loved One with Alzheimer’s: A Caregiver’s Guide 10 Great Volunteer Jobs for Retirees What You Need to Know About Volunteering During Retirement 4 Tips for Connecting with Your Young Adult Children Over the Holidays Parental Instinct: Identifying and Stopping Opioid Abuse in Adult Children How to Bond with Estranged Adult Children
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Isidro Aguirre de los Garcias states: View NBC News Reporter Michele Pedraza's insightful report on Chicano/Latino civil rights activist, Gus C. Garcia from San Antonio de Bexar. Isidro Roberto Aguirre de los Garcias, the author of Dawn of the Golden Matador, the Life & Times of Gus C. Garcia is also the Screenplay writer for: Gus, the Golden Matador, now in production. http://www.kgns.tv/home/headlines/Movie-Based-on-Laredo-Civil-Rights-Activist-in-Production-382512631.html Click here: Movie Based on Laredo Civil Rights Activist in Production Dear Readers, Herein is what Wikipedia states re: Gus. C. Garcia. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustavo_C._Garcia |
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Garcia worked with fellow attorney Carlos Cadena in the landmark case Hernandez v. Texas (1954), arguing before the US Supreme Court for the end of a practice of systematic exclusion of Hispanics from jury service in Jackson County, Texas. Even though Mexican-Americans composed more than 10% of the county's population, no person of Mexican ancestry had served on a jury there and in 70 other Texas counties in over 25 years. The high court, led by Chief Justice Earl Warren, ruled that United States citizens could not be excluded from jury duty based on national origin, because such exclusion denied the accused a jury of his peers. |
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| Early life Garcia was born in Laredo, Texas, to Alfredo and Maria Teresa (Arguindegui) Garcia and was reared in San Antonio. He attended public and Catholic schools, and was the first valedictorian of Thomas Jefferson High School, when he graduated in 1932. He received a scholarship to study at the University of Texas, where he earned a B.A. in 1936 and a LL.B. in 1938. Career He was admitted to the Texas Bar in 1938, and worked as an assistant for the district attorney of Bexar County, Texas John Schook in 1938, and city attorney Victor Keller in 1941. In 1941 he was drafted into the United States Army. He became a first lieutenant in the United States Army, and was stationed in Japan with the judge advocate corps. |
Garcia participated in the founding of the UN in San Francisco in 1945. On February 1, 1947, he joined the office of the Mexican Consulate General in San Antonio, Texas. In April 1947, Garcia filed suit against Cuero, Texas school authorities to force closure of the segregated schools for Mexicans there. After the Mendez v. Westminster ISD case ended de jure segregation of Mexican- descent children in California, Garcia filed a similar suit in Texas, aided by R. C. Eckhardt of Austin and A. L. Wirin of the American Civil Liberties Union of Southern California. Delgado v. Bastrop ISD (1948) made the segregation of children of Mexican descent in Texas illegal. |
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| Garcia served as legal advisor
to the League of United Latin American Citizens In 1939–40. He was
elected to the San Antonio Independent School District Board of
Education in April 1948, but later resigned. He helped revise the LULAC
Constitution to permit non-Mexican Americans to become members in 1949.
In that year, he also served as lawyer to the family of Felix Longoria,
and helped contract negotiations for the rights of workers in the United
States-Mexico Bracero Program. On May 8, 1950, Garcia and George I.
Sanchez appeared before the State Board of Education to seek
desegregation enforcement. Garcia was legal advisor to the American G.I.
Forum from 1951 to 1952. He helped pass an anti-discrimination bill in
Texas. Garcia served on the first board of directors of the American
Council of Spanish Speaking People, and the Texas Council on Human
Relations, and helped the School Improvement League, the League of Loyal
Americans, the Mexican Chamber of Commerce, and the Pan American
Optimist Club. In 1952, the University of Texas Alba Club named him
"Latin of the Year." On January 19, 1953, he and attorney Carlos Cadena of San Antonio filed a writ of certiorari with the United States Supreme Court requesting review of the Hernandez case, because the trial was decided by an all-white in Edna, Texas. |
Garcia became legal counsel for the League of United Latin American Citizens
(LULAC), and the American GI Forum. He assisted in Hernandez v. Texas in 1954, the first case by Mexican Americans to be heard by the U.S. Supreme Court. The legal expenses made it necessary for Carlos Cadena to make appeals on Mexican radio stations asking the community for donations. Due to this appeal, Chico Vasquez and Bill Aken (adopted son of Mexican actress Lupe Mayorga) formed the Mexican rock and roll band 'Los Nomadas' in East Los Angeles, California and played at dances, shows, and concerts to help raise money for the cause. When Garcia appeared before the Supreme Court on January 11, 1954, Chief Justice Earl Warren gave him sixteen extra minutes to present his argument. The Supreme Court voted unanimously in favor of Hernandez. In 1955, Garcia stayed in a hospital several times, probably due to alcohol abuse. Invitations to LULAC and G.I. Forum meetings and conventions declined by 1956. Garcia passed several bad checks in 1960 and 1961, leading James Tafolla, Jr., and other San Antonio lawyers to seek his disbarment. His law license was suspended from August 1961, to August 1963. |
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| Personal Life Garcia married three times and had two children with his second wife. After the Hernandez case had been won Garcia began to drink heavily and suffer from mental illness. During this time he was in and out of mental institutions until he eventually died of liver failure at age 48. Garcia was penniless and nearly friendless. He was buried in Fort Sam Houston National Cemetary. Legacy In 1964, the League of United Latin American Citizens established the Gus C. Garcia Memorial Fund. A middle school in San Antonio is named after him. In 1983, the Gus Garcia Memorial Foundation was established in San Antonio to sponsor programs, and media events to recognize his contribution. In 2008, A recreational center in Austin, Texas was also named in his honor, nicknamed "The Rec". |
References Buitron Jr., Richard (2004). "Another community: Identity among working class Mexican Americans, 1935–41". The quest for Tejano identity in San Antonio, Texas, 1913–2000. Latino communities: Emerging voices – political, social, cultural and legal issues. New York: Routledge. pp. 43–44. ISBN 0-415-94950-5. ISBN OCLC 54778399. External links · Gustavo C. Garcia from the Handbook of Texas Online · Hernández v. the State of Texas from the Handbook of Texas Online · A Class Apart – From a small-town Texas murder emerged a landmark civil rights case. The little-known story of the Mexican American lawyers who took Hernandez v. Texas to the Supreme Court, challenging Jim Crow-style discrimination. Aired February 23, 2009. Sent by Walter Herbeck tejanos2010@gmail.com |
In a message dated 12/8/2016 hflores@STMARYTX.EDU writes: Thanks Isidro. I had the privilege of speaking with Gus Garcia about two years before his passing. My family knew him well and I heard many stories about him as a person. He led such a difficult life, brilliant man, tortured soul. Henry Flores, PhD Distinguished University Research Professor Institute of Public Administration and Public Service and Director, Masters in Public Administration (MPA) Professor of International Relations and Political Science St. Mary's University San Antonio, TX |
| Editor Mimi:
Although I had
never met Gus Garcia, through my friendship with Wanda Garcia, Dr.
Hector Garcia's daughter, I had heard about the importance that
Gus Garcia played in the Civil Rights struggle. Dr. Flores's comment of
Gus Garcia touched me. It made me sad. It reminded me of my
father. Catalino
Garcia Lozano, born in San Antonio.
I would describe him, as Isidro described Gus Garcia. "He led such a difficult life, brilliant man,
tortured soul." Alcohol ruined my father's life. He died at
45, cirrhosis the liver. |
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Although the case was about discriminatory state jury selection and trial practices, it has been cited for many other civil rights precedents in the intervening 50 years. Even so, it has not been given the prominence it deserves, in part because it lives in the shadow of the more compelling Brown v. Board case. There had been earlier efforts to diversify juries, reaching back at least to the trial of Gregorio Cortez in 1901 and continuing with efforts by the legendary Oscar Zeta Acosta in Los Angeles in the 1960s. Even as recently as 2005 there has been clear evidence that Latino participation in the Texas jury system is still substantially unrepresentative of the growing population. But in a brief and shining moment in 1954, Mexican-American lawyers prevailed in a system that accorded their community no legal status and no respect. Through sheer tenacity, brilliance, and some luck, they showed that it is possible to tilt against windmills and slay the dragon. Edited and with an introduction by University of Houston law scholar Michael A. Olivas, Colored Men and Hombres Aquí is the first full-length book on this case. This volume contains the papers presented at the “Hernández at 50” conference which took place in 2004 at the University of Houston Law Center and also contains source materials, trial briefs, and a chronology of the case. See more at: https://artepublicopress.com/product/colored-men-and-hombres-aqui-hernandez-v-texas-and-the-emergence- of-mexican-american-lawyering/#sthash.2LVaLdo6.dpuf Sent by Rick Leal GGR1031@aol.com |
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Rivard Report
Newsletter:
Arts and Culture
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| Some of the most prominent Latinos in San Antonio, the
United States, and the world have taken their place on Mi Tierra Café y
Panaderia‘s iconic “American Dream” mural, a work of art that has
become synonymous with honor y respeto throughout the city. The sprawling art piece in the restaurant’s large back dining room was implemented about 25 years ago by Mexican artist Jesus Diaz Garza, said Jorge Cortez of La Familia Cortez, the family that owns Mi Tierra and three other local eateries. It began as an homage to the Mexican laborers and farmers who sold their goods at El Mercado, or Market Square, the historic commerce hub where Mi Tierra is still located today. |
 Over the years, the painting evolved to include the likenesses of the
Cortez’s matriarch and patriarch, Cruz and Pedro Cortez, their children,
and some of the family’s third generation as well. It now features more
than 100 influential Latinos who have left their marks on the community,
whether through politics, the arts, or community service.“When I do something I do it big, so this (mural) had to be big for my father, Pedro, and my mother, Cruz,” said Jorge, who still plays a role in the family’s business operations today and curates the mural along with long time friend and local artist Jesse Treviño. |
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Portraitist and muralist Robert Ytuarte touches up his mural. |
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Generally speaking, the mural portrays all those who exemplify hard work, passion, and resilience, Jorge said. Robert Ytuarte, a Southside native and established portraitist, has been adding people to Diaz Garza’s original work on the mural one after the other over the past 16 or so years. Ytuarte has, over time, become like family to the Cortezes, Jorge said. He has his breakfast at Mi Tierra every day and works closely with Jorge and the rest of the family to determine where the new portraits will go and what each will look like. The restaurant’s board of directors ultimately gives the final okay on who will be featured on the so-called “Wall of Fame.” When it’s time to paint, Ytuarte closes off a section near the mural, mixes his paints, and gets to work, sometimes amid feasting families eyeing the artist in his prime, trying to catch a peek at the newest addition to the wall. Ytuarte tries to complete each portrait during the “non-busy hours” at Mi Tierra, but the restaurant’s popularity often draws large crowds that spill over into the back mural room at any given time of day. The hustle and bustle means that the portraits take longer to complete than they normally would – about a week and half, as opposed to a few days, Ytuarte said. |
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One of the last portraits Ytuarte completed was of local
attorney Frank Herrera, along with HUD Secretary Julían Castro, Rep.
Joaquín Castro (D-Texas), and former Rep. Charlie Gonzalez, son of the
late Henry B. Gonzalez who also is featured on the mural. Portrait
unveilings of some of the more well-known dignitaries such as Herrera, the
Castros, and Gonzalez are often marked with a special celebration or small
gathering of the honored person and their friends and family, Ytuarte
said. Speckled among the faces of household names such as former mayor Henry Cisneros, musician Flaco Jimenez, former Sen. Leticia Van de Putte, and late Tejano singer Selena Quintanilla, are a number of individuals who aren’t as widely known to the general public. Some of the Cortez family’s attorneys and accountants, some Mi Tierra staffers, and other close friends are featured. Bexar County Commissioner Paul Elizondo (Pct. 2) also made it onto the wall, along with Humberto Saldaña, the local architect who designed the UTSA Downtown Campus. If you look closely, you’ll even notice Ytuarte on the wall. |
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A self portrait of Robert Ytuarte is found in the corner of the back room along with other prominent artists. |
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La Familia Cortez is revamping the Mi Tierra website to include a special feature that will give viewers insight into each of the faces portrayed on the mural. Once it’s completed, you will be able to hover your mouse over each person on the mural and read their name and biography. Ytuarte will begin work on the newest portrait in the coming month or two, but the subject’s identity won’t be officially revealed until the painting is completed. Jorge said he and Ytuarte plan to soon incorporate another mural near the front of the restaurant, this one “dominated by the female Latina community.” Jorge Cortez has served Mi Tierra for 65 years. Photo by Scott Ball. Scott Ball / Rivard Report Jorge Cortez has served Mi Tierra for 65 years. It’s all part of Mi Tierra’s mission to not only serve high-quality food, Jorge said, but also celebrate and promote the unique culture that Pedro Cortez brought to San Antonio from his home in Guadalajara, Mexico. His story as an immigrant, like so many others of various nationalities, is one not to be forgotten, Jorge said. “There’s something special about brown cultura, and there’s something even more special in the American story, the immigrant story,” he said, and that’s what the mural portrays along with Latino traditions and culture. “And that has not been lost.” |
La Familia Cortez is revamping the Mi Tierra website to include a special feature that will give viewers insight into each of the faces portrayed on the mural. Once it’s completed, you will be able to hover your mouse over each person on the mural and read their name and biography. |
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Ytuarte will begin work on the newest
portrait in the coming month or two, but the subject’s identity won’t
be officially revealed until the painting is completed. Jorge
said he and Ytuarte plan to soon incorporate another mural near the
front of the restaurant, this one “dominated by the female Latina
community.” Jorge Cortez has served Mi Tierra for 65 years. It’s all part of Mi Tierra’s mission to not only serve high-quality food, Jorge said, but also celebrate and promote the unique culture that Pedro Cortez brought to San Antonio from his home in Guadalajara, Mexico. His story as an immigrant, like so many others of various nationalities, is one not to be forgotten, Jorge said. “There’s something special about brown cultura, and there’s something even more special in the American story, the immigrant story,” he said, and that’s what the mural portrays along with Latino traditions and culture. “And that has not been lost.” Jorge Cortez has served Mi Tierra for 65 years. Photo by Scott Ball. |
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https://therivardreport.com/mi-tierras-american-dream-mural-pays-homage-to-great-latinos/ Sent by Mercy Bautista Olvera |
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Editor Mimi: I found it fascinating that
the artist's name is Ytuarte.
Taken apart . . Y tu arte? And your art? Isn't that something . . . history shows he has art in his genes. Click here: Ytuarte Name Meaning & Ytuarte Family History at Ancestry.com Spanish surnames developed basically - - based on location, occupation, appearance, character. What do you have in your genes? Go to www.ancestry.com/learn/facts/ for last name meanings and origins of your surname. .
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(File photo: RGG/Steve Taylor)
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Border Life –
On This Day in History By
José Antonio López December
11, 2016
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The
reason is that on this day in 1811, Lt. Colonel José Bernardo Gutiérrez
de Lara undertook a long and dangerous trip to Washington, D.C.
seeking help in his quest for the first Texas independence, a goal he
ultimately achieved in 1813.
In
my view, given the event’s historical significance, it should
inspire Rio Grande Valley and South Texas residents to know that one
of their own actually successfully led the first Texas Revolution.
Equally important, these long-ignored details support their claim of
Texas history ownership, a privilege denied to generations of their
elders who have been made to feel as foreigners in the land settled by
their pioneer ancestors. About the Author: José “Joe” Antonio López was born and raised in Laredo, Texas, and is a USAF Veteran. He now lives in Universal City, Texas. He is the author of four books. His latest book is “Preserving Early Texas History (Essays of an Eighth-Generation South Texan)”. It is available through Amazon.com. Lopez is also the founder of the Tejano Learning Center, LLC, and www.tejanosunidos.org, a Web site dedicated to Spanish Mexican people and events in U.S. history that are mostly overlooked in mainstream history books.
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or "Are
We All Immigrants?" by Judge
Edward F. Butler, Sr. June
18, 2016
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A
few days ago on the evening news there was a report about demonstrators
taking to the streets to demand immigration reform.
Many in the crowd were carrying the Mexican flag.
Others were burning the U.S. flag.
One or more of the demonstrators was carrying a poster that
contained the message that "WE ARE ALL IMMIGRANTS."
I suspect what this demonstrator meant was "We are all
immigrants or are descended from immigrants".
Nevertheless, that statement is still incorrect. This
placard begged the question about whom among us are immigrants?
I had never viewed any of my know ancestors as
"immigrants", so today I consulted my dictionaries about
immigrants and how they and their descendants differ from the early
colonists and their offspring. Here
are the definitions I found: "Immigrant"
- "1. A person who
migrates to another country, usually for permanent residence".[1]
Those settling in Jamestowne in 1607 and in Plymouth in 1620 were
traveling to land owned, or at least claimed, by Great Britain, so they
were not migrating to "another country".
Those who traveled from Spain or the Canary Islands to New Spain
were not immigrants. They
too were colonists. "Immigrate"
- "1. To come to a
country of which one is not a native, usually for permanent residence.[2]
The above English and Spanish colonists were technically natives
of these new Spanish and English colonies. "Immigration"
- "The coming into a country of foreigners for purposes of
permanent residence".[3]
The English and Spanish colonies were not traveling to a
"country of foreigners", but rather were moving to a colony
established by their respective countrymen. "Colonist"
- "1. An inhabitant of
a colony. . . 3. An
inhabitant of the 13 British colonies that became the United States of
America".[4]
I would add to that definition, the inhabitants of that part of
New Spain within the current borders of California, Arizona, New Mexico,
Utah, Colorado, Texas and Louisiana, before 1790.[5] "Colony"
- "A dependent political community, consisting of a number of
citizens of the same country, who have emigrated therefrom to people
another, and remain subject to the mother country.[6]
A settlement in a foreign country possessed and cultivated either
wholly or partially, by immigrants and their descendants, who have a
political connection with and subordination to the mother country,
whence they immigrated".[7]
Clearly those who founded the British and Spanish colonies were
from the same country, and remained as a part of the mother country. "Founder"
- "A person who founds or establishes".[8] "Patriot"
- "A person who loves, supports, and defends his or her country and
its interests with devotion".[9] "Patriots
Day"
- " The anniversary of the battles of Lexington and Concord
(1775)....[10] "The Founding
Fathers of the United States of America"
- "They
were
political leaders and statesmen who participated in the American
Revolution by
signing the United
States Declaration of Independence,
taking part in the American
Revolutionary War,
and establishing the United
States Constitution.
Within the large group known as the "Founding Fathers", there
are two key subsets: the Signers of the Declaration of Independence (who
signed the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776) and the
Framers of the Constitution (who were delegates to the Constitutional
Convention and
took part in framing or drafting the proposed Constitution of the United
States in 1789). A further subset is the group that signed the Articles
of Confederation.
Spanish soldiers like General Bernardo de Galvez, and Spanish militiamen
who fought and defeated the British in battles in North America and
elsewhere would also be considered "Founding Fathers of the United
States of America." Many
of them are listed as patriot ancestors of many current members of both
the Sons of the American Revolution and the Daughters of the American
Revolution. "Some
historians define the "Founding Fathers" to mean a larger
group, including not only the Signers of the Declaration of Independence
and the Framers of the U.S. Constitution but also all those who, whether
as politicians, jurists, statesmen, soldiers, diplomats, or ordinary
citizens, took part in winning American independence and creating the
United States of America".[11] From
the above definitions I conclude that any of our ancestors who were
native Americans can be eliminated from the term "immigrants,"
even though
his ancestor may have migrated from the Orient thousands of years ago.
Large
numbers of Spanish colonists, soldiers and priests began arriving in New
Spain during the 16th Century, which is now California, Arizona, New
Mexico, Utah, Colorado, Louisiana, Florida, Texas and Mexico before the
British colonial period. Spanish
"colonists" continued to arrive throughout the British
colonial period and during the American Revolutionary War.
Many Spanish soldiers and militiamen fought the British in North
America and around the world. They
were just as responsible for American independence as the Minuteman in
Virginia or New England. Spain
originally laid claim to all the land west of the Mississippi River,
"north to the arctic snows".
That land was officially granted to Spain by the Treaty ending
the French and Indian Wars in 1763.
Many Spanish settled in New Orleans, which was at that time part
of Spanish Florida. The
British with force, removed many French settlers from Arcadia to the
coastal region of Louisiana. Those
people's descendants are today referred to as "Cajuns".
These
Spaniards and Arcadians from New Spain and Spanish Florida fought
against the marauding Indians and the French during the American
Colonial period and also fought against the British during the American
Revolutionary War, along with Spanish soldiers and sailors stationed in
Cuba, Mexico, Canary Islands, Mexico and Puerto Rico.
The Spanish Militia included Spanish, Canary Islanders, Native
Americans, Germans, Negros, Creoles and Cajuns.
Their descendants are certainly patriots and not immigrants. It
was they who established the Spanish colonial government; cleared the
land; ordained the churches;
offered religious guidance to the new settlers; and created industry and
commerce. By definition,
these colonists and their current day descendants were not
"immigrants". Most
of the Spanish and French residents of the territory purchased from
France in 1803 under the "Louisiana Purchase" became citizens,
and should not be considered as immigrants since they had established
residence in what is now the United States well before 1790.
In 1846, when the Empire of Texas signed a treaty with the United
States to become a state, all the residents - most of whom were Hispanic
- became citizens, and are considered founders of Texas.
It is interesting to look at the list of those who died at the
Alamo. About 2/3 of the
Alamo defenders had Hispanic names. All
of those who traveled from Great Britain between 1607-1789 were also
"colonists". It
was both the Spanish and English colonists who carved out of the land
civilized colonies where people could live, work, worship and
congregate. Each group
became the first "citizen soldiers" fighting the marauding
Indians and the other nations who sought to displace them.
The Spanish established a Spanish colonial government in the
south and southwest and the British established British colonial
governments in the east. Both
cleared the land; ordained
the churches; offered religious guidance to the new settlers; and
created industry and commerce. By
definition, these colonists throughout the continent were not
"immigrants", and we should not refer to their current day
descendants as "immigrants". During
the colonial period of the United States groups from other countries
also settled here. Huguenots
from France and Holland settled in Niue Amsterdam (current New York),
claiming religious freedom. Some
Swedes settled in Delaware. Germans
settled in large numbers in Pennsylvania.
English, Irish, Scottish and Welch citizens continued to arrive,
colonizing their areas. Following
the termination of the French and Indian War in 1762, dissatisfaction
began to fester with the British Crown and with Parliament, while
colonial leaders began to work toward a more independent self
governance. Committees of
Safety sprang up throughout the colonies.
In Boston the Tea Party exemplified their outrage with taxes
assessed by the Parliament. Ben
Franklin's attempts to establish a colonial militia were immediately
quashed. The British
attacked founders at Lexington and Concord, followed by the Battle of
Bunker Hill. Petitions
submitted to the Crown fell on deaf ears.
Founders of the United States of America certainly include those
who demanded independence; who supported the Declaration of Independence
in 1776; and those who defied the British.
Those who during the period from 1763 to 1783, were activists
before the Declaration of Independence was signed; those who
participated in the defeat of the British at Yorktown; and those who
continued to fight the British Indian allies until the peace treaty was
signed in September 1783; and those who participated in the preparation
of the U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights in 1789, should be referred
to as "founders", and their descendants are not
"immigrants". Many
of our American Indian, British, Spanish, German, French, Dutch, and
Swedish ancestors fought in the American Revolutionary War; signed an
Oath of Allegiance; provided
labor and/or materials to the war effort; or supported the revolution by
serving as a state or local officer.
Those who remained loyal to the cause from 1776 to the signing of
the US Constitution and Bill of Rights on September
25, 1789 were clearly "Patriots of the United States" and
should not be referred to as "immigrants".
I would extend that date to April 30, 1790, when George
Washington was inaugurated as our first President. Just over a month
earlier, the original United
States Naturalization Law of March 26, 1790[12]
provided the first rules to be followed by the United
States in
the granting of national citizenship.
This law limited naturalization to
immigrants who were "free white persons" of "good
character. It also provided
for citizenship for the children of U.S. citizens born abroad, but
specified that the right of citizenship did "not descend to persons
whose fathers have never been resident in the United States". It
specified that such children "shall be considered as natural
born citizens." Many
of our Negro brothers and sisters descend from either freemen or slaves
who were colonists, founders and patriots.
Their ancestors worked to build this country from colonial days
through the American Revolution. The
Sons of the American Revolution has discovered the identities of over
20,000 Negro patriots during the American Revolution.
That number would be much larger had better records been kept
during colonial times. Those
who were imported as slaves in the early to mid 1800s, would properly be
counted among the immigrants. Some
historians might argue that the War of 1812 was merely a continuation of
the American Revolutionary War, and that those who fought in that war
from 1812-1815 should also be called Patriots.
Interestingly, about 25% of all men between 16-45 during that war
served as soldiers during the war. Historians
tell us that during the American Revolutionary War, about 1/3 were
patriots; 1/3 were Loyalists, and 1/3 were uncommitted.
At the end of the war, many loyalists either returned to England
or moved to Canada. Most of
the remaining loyalists and undecided signed an oath of allegiance.
They and their descendants conducted their lives as loyal
citizens of the United States. Periodically
since that date, the United States, by law and international treaty has
adopted measures to control immigration and naturalization of aliens.
We now have limitations on the total number of immigrants that
our country can effectively assimilate each year, and quotas from many
countries. I
would estimate that 60%-75% of the Anglo Saxon and Spanish populations
of the United States can trace their ancestry back to the colonists,
founders or patriots, and should not be referred to as
"immigrants." Naturally,
there have been immigrants from England, Ireland, Scotland, and Wales as
well as France, Spain, Germany, The Netherlands and Sweden who arrived
in the United States after the American Revolutionary War.
Although there were a few French who fought on our behalf, who
remained here after the war, many migrated from Quebec or France later.
Although many Germans moved to Pennsylvania before 1776 and
fought with the colonists, a large number of Germans coming to the US,
came to settle in Texas in the mid 1800s.
These late comers, may correctly be referred to as
"immigrants". Any
ancestor arriving at Ellis Island would be considered as an
"immigrant". From
the above, clearly those of our ancestors who were here before 1790, and
many would argue before 1815 were not considered as immigrants.
So, does the mantra "We are all immigrants" apply to
all of our ancestors who arrived after 1790, or 1815?
To one extent that statement is true.
How do we differentiate among that large group of arrivals? Those
from Great Britain and Spain were easily assimilated.
Many already had family here.
Those immigrating from other countries had to abide by the then
existing laws on immigration and naturalization.
Many of these newcomers were patriotic and large numbers fought
in the War of 1812, Spanish-American War, War with Mexico, Civil War,
World Wars I and II, Korea, Vietnam, Grenada, Panama Canal, Bosnia, Iraq
and Afghanistan. Other
newcomers were patriotic citizens who contributed by serving as elected
officials, statesmen, jurists, professionals, authors, artists,
educators and religious leaders. The
great majority of these immigrants paid their taxes, served on juries,
and acted as responsible citizens. So,
what groups in the United States are descended from Immigrants?
By definition, "colonists" are not immigrants, nor are
their descendants. Clearly,
those of us who have ancestors who were "founders" are not
immigrants; and those who descend from the "patriots" of our
nation are not immigrants. The
residents of the large area purchased from France in the Louisiana
Purchase, and those who became citizens in Texas in 1846 should not be
considered immigrants, because Texas was admitted to the union by
treaty. A
large number of immigrants came here in a legal fashion.
We now have laws controlling immigration into the United States.
To immigrate, one must apply and obtain permission.
A legal immigrant must show that he is capable of supporting
himself or herself and that their family intended to remain in the
United States. They paid
their taxes to provide for public education, health, defense, and the
construction and maintenance of our roads.
They purchased hospitalization insurance to cover their families. Illegal
immigrants have jumped the line. Many
of those from Latin America and the Orient have no intention of
remaining here. In towns all
along the Texas border there are boarding houses for expectant mothers
from Latin America, who spend the last month of their pregnancy in the
U.S. so their child will be born here.
Their purpose is to have pregnant Hispanic mothers deliver their
child in the US so that the child can become an American Citizen, and
entitle them to Aid to Dependent Children, the WIC program, food stamps,
Medicaid and other social programs for US citizens.[13]If
we don't already have laws to prevent this flagrant abuse, Congress
needs to act immediately. The
Border authorities should be manned with enough personnel to close these
facilities down. Among
the immigrants from Christian and Jewish Europe and Latin America and
those from the Orient, other than Muslims, there has been widespread
assimilation. They have
enlisted and fought in World Wars I and II, Korea, Vietnam, and the more
recently in the war against terrorism.
They have learned to speak English and have accepted our laws and
customs, and have become a part of our community.
Many of those migrating from Muslim areas have refused to become
assimilated. They continue
to speak their native tongues; wear their traditional dress; and live in
enclaves. Many even demand
that the United States adopt Sharia Law.
In parts of London, the police have abdicated their right to
enforce the law - and allow the Mullahs to practice Sharia Law.
Recently, we have seen where families have murdered their own
daughters as "honor killings." Once
an illegal alien's child becomes a citizen, the mother then qualifies
for a green card, and after a year, the remainder of the family can
legally migrate with green cards of their own.
Many come here to work, so they can send money back to Latin
America or the Orient to support their families.
Many in this latter group pay no income taxes, and in fact those
with low incomes get a sizeable rebate check from the government because
of our tax laws. Crime
rates among illegal aliens is greater than among citizens.
Many are involved in the Mexican Cartels and Chinese Tongs that
operate in the U.S. Our
jails along the Mexican Border are filled with illegal aliens who have
committed major crimes. Government
figures for years have revealed that it costs about $40,000 to $50,000
per year to incarcerate a prisoner. Those
coming across our borders illegally are incorrect in stating that
"We are all immigrants". Most
of us descend from those brave souls who carved a nitch from the
wilderness and created the most powerful nation in the world.
A large number of us have ancestors who were legal immigrants,
who fulfilled their obligations to become good citizens.
Our
porous borders allow terrorists to come into our country; to bring
weapons with them; and plan
terrorist attacks. Lack of
border enforcement allows criminals access to import hard drugs and
weapons; and to commit crimes. Clearly,
the immigration laws into our country should be enforced.
State law enforcement agencies should be encouraged by the
federal government to assist. Our
borders should be made secure. To
make our country more secure, we should suspend immigration from all
countries where Muslim Terrorists are currently at war, and severely
limit immigrants from other Moslem countries with a history of
terrorists activities, until such time as local Muslim Clerics condemn
terrorism and/or stop advocating terrorism against the
United States, and until we get a handle on immigration.
Also, care should be taken to exclude the Muslim terrorists from
Indonesia, the south of Buddhist Thailand, and the Muslim terrorists on
the southern Philippine islands - a Christian nation.
We need to establish a system to monitor all foreigners entering
the US on visas to insure they are not involved in terrorism.
All visas should be monitored, and when the visa expires, we
should have the mechanism in place to enforce them and send the alien
back home. As
to the 12 million illegal aliens from Mexico and Latin America who are
already living and working here, separate arrangements need to be made,
especially as to those who came here illegally with their parents while
minors, and who have no criminal record. The
clear implication from those posters that state "We Are All
Immigrants" is that there is little or no difference between legal
immigrants and illegal immigrants. The
United States has a positive history with regard to immigrants.
Even after controlling the number of legal immigrants from each
foreign nation, we still allow more immigrants than any other nation.
Those immigrating from non-Muslim countries have assimilated
into our culture and have accepted our laws and customs.
Muslims want to continue their customs - many of which, like
"honor killings" and other otherwise illegal Sharia laws, and
treat their women like second class citizens.
Many illegal aliens from Latin America and the Orient are
involved in illegal cartels which run illegal shipment of drugs,
prostitution, and weapons. Others
from Latin America are just looking for work.
They are Christians who have strong family ties and are otherwise
law abiding. How many
Islamic terrorists have been smuggled across or under the U.S. border
with Mexico? If only one
that is too many! We need to
control our borders and our immigration system. Many
American history books include the exploits of our heroes in the 13
original colonies. More
recently, starting with the extensive research Charles Robert Churchill,
then president of the Louisiana SAR in his book entitled Bernardo
de Galvez, Services To The American Revolution in 1925, many
Hispanic researchers have published books listing thousands of Spanish
Patriots of the American Revolution, whose descendants live in the U.S. A
large number of heritage and lineage societies in the United States are
composed of those who have documented their lineal descent from founders
and patriots, including: Order
of the Founders of North America 1492-1692 Society
of Colonial Wars Colonial
Dames Colonial
Dames of the XVII Century Order
of the Founders and Patriots of America Jamestowne
Society Mayflower
Descendants Sons
and Daughters of the Founding Fathers of Virginia First
Families of Virginia First
Families of Maryland Sons
of the American Revolution Daughters
of the American Revolution Children
of the American Revolution Sons
of the Revolution The
members of all of the above organizations have provided acceptable
documentary proof of their lineal descent from one of our nation's
founders and/or patriots. Along
with our military, veterans, law enforcement, and certain government
agencies, they provide the first line of defense against attacks on the
U.S. Constitution and Bill of Rights.
You may ask why I would include descendants of our founders and
patriots. The
descendants of our founders and patriots make up the genetic fabric of
our nation. We are the
recipients of our founding ancestors' legacy of a democratic republic.
We are not xenophobic. We
have no "intense fear or dislike of foreign people, their customs
and culture . . . ." Rather,
we are students of history who have a duty to our ancestors to keep our
nation's military and economy strong.
Activists
seek to do away with our borders. Many
advocate for "Open Borders."
Unfortunately, thanks to the National Education Association (NEA),
for many years our school students have not been taught about the
Declaration of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, the Bill of Rights
and the writing of our Founding Fathers.
Instead, the NEA focuses upon our nation's social revolution.
If anything is taught about our colonial experience and the
struggles for independence, it pales in comparison to what is taught
about Malcolm X, Che Guevara and Martin Luther King.
For years many of us have been arguing that students can't be
expected to understand our Constitution and Bill of Rights without
having exposure to the events leading up to the American Revolution.
As a result, many Americans have lost touch with our nation's
roots. Dr.
Donna Campbell, Texas State Senator from New Braunfels, TX has
introduced Senate Bill 665 into the Texas state Senate.
This bill would require all Texas 10th grade students to receive
a semester of instruction about the events leading up to the Declaration
of Independence, the U.S. Constitution, the Bill of Rights and the
writing of our Founding Fathers.
This should go a long way in educating our youth.
Many of the groups on the preceding page have already endorsed
the passage of that proposed legislation. We
descendants are for enforcement of our laws.
We recognize that our blood cells contain a family DNA that has
been shared down through the generations for hundreds of years. From
that common thread of DNA we derive our looks, intelligence, and family
traits - like the ministry, law, and military service.
Our ancestors married into nearby families in the schools,
churches, clubs and business communities with a shared tradition and
similar DNA. Our ancestors
kept rebundling our DNA. Most
of the descendants of our founders and patriots have researched and read
about their respective ancestors, and the events occurring during their
lives. From this research,
we have gleaned a fairly complete record of their lives - where they
lived, a description of their land, their occupation, with whom they
traveled, fought and died, to whom they willed their property, taxes
paid, their civil and criminal courts, and local histories.
Many of our ancestors wrote a family history, or were covered in
the histories recorded by others. Many
served this nation as members of its armed forces, elected officials,
law enforcement or judiciary. Some
wrote history books and lectured at colleges and universities.
Finally,
let us discuss refugees. Our
nation has most often accepted those fleeing from probable death by evil
dictators. One major
exception was in 1939, when President Franklin D. Roosevelt turning away
a cruise ship of Jews seeking asylum in Florida who were running away
from the ravages of Nazi Germany. Generally,
the international law of asylum states that a person fleeing a
non-democratic regime, may seek asylum in the first "safe"
country whose border they cross. Yet
our government continues to welcome refugees from Central America who
first crossed into Mexico. It
is Mexico where their claims of asylum should be registered - not in the
United States. These
refugees together with the legal immigrants and 11-12 million illegal
aliens constitute a sizeable number of people who not inhabit our
nation. As one drives up the
I-95 corridor it is clear that our population is exploding.
In Texas water is a great problem.
Through development of new housing and business properties to
support these new homes, there is less land to absorb the water so that
when it rains, instead of that water seeping into our aquifers where we
get our well water, we
experience floods, many with a loss of life.
Other periods find Texas in a drought.
Our aquifers must support our ever growing population - yet they
continue to decline in depth. At
this rate, how long will it be before our wells run dry? Don't
we need to stop immigration for long enough to design a proper method of
vetting those seeking immigration or refugee status?
We also need some time to update our infrastructure.
Bridges are collapsing or about to collapse in dozens of areas in
the country. The water
supply in Detroit and other areas needs to be corrected.
Have you driven on our expressways lately. Clearly,
we need to widen our expressways and repair our tunnels.
With a constant flow of new immigrants adding to the use of our
infrastructure, it appears to almost a never ending task. In
summary, we are connected to our national history and revere those who
fought for our nation. We
have a vested interest in insuring that our path does not veer from that
set for us by our founding fathers.
Clearly, we are not all descended from immigrants - not even a
majority. Undoubtedly, we
must support our elected officials in establishing and enforcing
reasonable rules for legal immigration into our country.
Also, we must insist that our elected officials enforce the
immigration on our books. Sanctuary
cities must go! So, the next time you hear or read about an immigration activists or politician saying "We are a nation of immigrants", you will understand that this is a false premise. Instead, we are mostly a nation of the descendants of colonists and founders, who have allowed immigrants with some limitations. [1]
Webster's New Unabridged Dictionary, Random House Value Publishing,
Inc., 1996. [2]
Ibid. [3]
Black's Law Dictionary, Rev. 4th ed., .
West Pub. Co.(1968), St. Paul, MN. [4]
Webster's, Ibid. [5]
Both the Sons of the American Revolution and the Daughters of
the American Revolution recognize the Spanish patriots who assisted
the colonists during the American Revolutionary War. [6]
Black's, Ibid. [7]
Blacks, Ibid. [8]
Webster's, Ibid. [9]
Webster's, Ibid. [10]
Webster's, Ibid [13]
For years boarding houses in Brownsville, TX and other border
cities provide accommodations for expectant mothers who come across
the border in their 8th month. Once
the baby is born, the mother automatically gets a green card.
The baby qualifies for all sorts of benefits for U.S.
Citizens, such as Medicaid, food stamps, WIC, etc.
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| Heritage Discovery Center & Rancho Del
Sueno La Herencia: Latinos in Heritage Conservation First Annual International Rio Grande Festival |
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2016 Thank you and
Tribute This letter is to inform and thank the generous
and benevolent individuals that have supported the existence of our
rare, unique, historic and Noble horses of the HDC/RDS.
Since 1990 with the Wilbur-Cruce horses and before with Mustano
and our public land western heritage Mustangs I have shared my life with
these equine survivors and their unconditional love. For others that have shared this opportunity I
applaud you in your efforts to keep this part of our history alive. For
those who have helped to make our efforts possible I can only say that you are the saviors for us all…
the world as we know it would parish without your love. I once thought that ‘I’ could make a difference, but without a collaborative effort nothing can endure. Thank you for that collective participation because without your contributions these horses would have perished, lost to us all forever. I cannot share the wisdom, intimacy and love these horses have bestowed on me but I do want to share information about them so that you may better know their importance to us. As remnants of the past, these horses help us complete our footprint here today and for future generations to better understand their own histories. In
Dr. Cothran’s findings, he states that “the
WC [Wilbur-Cruce] horses show the greatest genetic resemblance to ‘Old
Spanish’ breeds & North African Barb. “These
horses based upon the analysis I have just done are probably the best or
near best representative of the old Spanish type that was brought to the
New World. “It
is not normal for DNA results to show these earlier types … These
horses are like a ‘genetic time capsule’.” Examples
of DNA findings: Francisco’s
Goya – Caspian, Garrano,
Mangalarga Marchador Esperanza
– Mangalarga Marchador, Mangalarga, Garrano Delecia
– Caspian,
Turkoman, Akhal Teke ·
All
three are from Francisco (W-C foundation stallion) and Antonia (W-C
foundation mare) ·
For
more information about the Wilbur-Cruce horses DNA and history please
Call Robin at 559
868-8681. Go
to our web site
www.ranchodelsueno.com “They
are one of very few known ‘rancher’ strain of pure Spanish horses
that persists in the southwest. The Cruce horses are of great interest
because they are a nonferal strain . . . truly unique. “The
Cruce population is a most significant discovery of a type of horse thought
to be gone forever.”
Dr. Phil Sponenberg My deepest gratitude to those
with the love, wisdom and gifts that have helped us provide and preserve
the future of these iconic equine survivors of our past, from
extinction. As this year closes there has been recognition in the news of those individuals that left us…we have also lost some of our ‘dearly beloved’ friends and partners…In closing I leave you with this… Silent Nicker And
now the moment of silence…the loss and loneliness that only you feel.
While the rest of life continues, you are
lost/disheartened/forlorn/anguished/overcome and exist only in
silence…absence of presence that no one else realizes… you are
frozen…empty…alone… You
hear over and over that soft beckoning of your noble friend who depended
on you…longed for your sight and
touch/contact/closeness/intimacy…who was reassured and comforted by
your presence that they would be safe and loved… You
hear again and again the joyful call for you to hurry to their side and
recognize their love for you…their sweet breath and velvet nostril,
quivering with anticipation of your togetherness.
The liquid expression of love in their eyes, endearing and
kind…wanting only you, your approval and recognition…to share your
time and touch. A
love so pure that the uniqueness of this sharing of heart and soul seems
timeless and limitless…known only to the two of you.
You were the center of their world, and they were yours… Now
the longing for this expression of life is only yours…they can no
longer share/participate/interact/communicate in the depth of common
bonding and kindred spirit that you shared…now they are but a vision
in your memory and an emptiness in your being… And,
that silent nicker is for you alone… To my special equine loves/friends/partners that I was so blessed to have shared my life with…and who helped me learn unconditional love… From my heart, I wish you the best New Year, full
of Love & Joy to All… Robin and Equines of HDC/RDS |
Amelita - Black Mare...always showed us he way to love and kindness.
Blanca - Survivor from horrific abuse and most wonderful Mother ever loved children also.
“The Cruce population is a most significant discovery of a type of horse thought to be gone forever.” Dr. Phil Sponenberg
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| As a young organization, we recognize the fundamental need to expand our presence into all regions of the country as we build a national platform that reflects our true diversity and identities as Latin@s. Reunión 2016 deepened the power of our intergenerational dialogue by bringing trailblazing civil rights activists and scholars in Mexican American and Latin@ Studies - some of the founders of the movement - together with the first generation of Latin@s trained in heritage conservation and public history. Though we are newly established, our roots and convictions are strong. We know that the coming years will present new challenges. LHC is an all-volunteer organization, and we hope that you will deepen your involvement with our work and with Latin@ preservation efforts in your own communities. Together, we are here to affirm our historic presence in this country and to assert our voices and central place - past, present, and future - in the making of its history. En paz y solidaridad, Laura Dominguez and Desiree Smith |
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Reunión 2016 Roundup Over fifty people attended LHC's second national convening, Reunión 2016, held in Houston, Texas on November 18-19th following the National Trust for Historic Preservation's PastForward 2016 conference. Reunión 2016 took place at Talento Bilingüe de Houston and attracted Latino heritage conservation professionals, students, scholars, and activists from around the region and around the country who came together to share their work and discuss strategies for safeguarding the nation's Latino historic sites and neighborhoods. |
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Following an opening dance performance by the
Pancho Claus Dancers presented by Talento Bilingüe,
public historian, Dr. Sarah Zenaida Gould, kicked off the
day-and-a-half event with a slide presentation and overview that
located us in the heart of Houston's Mexican American historic sites
and places. With Reunión 2016, LHC sought to grow its national
network and help amplify critical, groundbreaking
community-based preservation work.
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Marta V. Martinez from Rhode Island Latino Arts presented on a mobile, place-based oral history project in Rhode Island that incorporates art and café; and Graciela Sanchez of Esperanza Peace and Justice Center and the Westside Preservation Alliance shared the impactful work that her organization is doing to document and preserve San Antonio's Mexican American, Mexican, and Latino historic working class neighborhoods. Other featured speakers included Dr. Antonia Castañeda, Dr. Nicolas Kanellos, Adán Medrano, Jesús Najar, Dr. Ray Rast, Mika Selly, Albert Valtierra and Dr. Tomás Ybarra-Frausto, whose presentations and discussions centered on local and national priorities, tangible and intangible Latino heritage, and alternative methods of documentation. |
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Members
of LHC also participated in the National Trust for Historic
Preservation's annual conference, PastForward 2016, which took place
immediately prior to Reunión 2016.
LHC representatives and National Trust staff led a discussion about Latino preservation efforts during a daylong seminar called The Future of Diversity and Inclusion in Preservation, which built on previous gatherings held around the country and on the conversations at PastForward 2015 to plan for the next 50 years in preservation.
Reunión 2016 could not have been possible without
the financial and in-kind support from a number of sponsors, whom LHC
would like to thank for their generous contributions: Talento Bilingüe
de Houston, Hispanic Access Foundation, Humanities Texas, Southwest
Airlines, and the Western National Parks Association.
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La Herencia A Quarterly Publication of Latinos in Heritage Conservation |
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Eight of the 1,177 men who lost their lives on the USS Arizona during the attack on Pearl Harbor were from Arizona. At the USS Arizona Mall Memorial dedication, a bell salvaged from the ship and permanently housed at the Student Union Memorial Center was rung for each.
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| A Memorial Unlike Others: Memorials
like this one are imbued with symbolism. But for the UA's newest
memorial, its form also creates an echoing effect with the campus on
which it lives. The memorial's orientation aligns with the UA's oldest building, Old Main. There is a direct, line-eye connection from the memorial's flagpole to the bell tower in the Student Union Memorial Center, which was designed with the battleship in mind. That tower enshrines one of two bells salvaged from the ship after it was bombed. If the USS Arizona were to be superimposed over the memorial, the memorial's flagpole would be located on the Arizona’s bridge, where many senior officers died. The rounded opening at the flagpole, formed by the curved walls on the east side of the memorial walkway, was intentionally produced, partially to account for such precision but also to help account for the large number of medallions, said Chuck Albanese, retired dean and professor of the UA College of Architecture, Planning and Landscape Architecture. Albanese worked with Tucsonans David Carter and Bill Westcott to conceptualize and raise $175,000 in private donations to fund the project. |
Even the dark red rubberized
track material lining the UA Mall, creating a full-scale outline of the
ship's deck, speaks to the UA and its tradition of red brick. "When you tell people these stories, they say there are too many coincidences," Albanese said, adding that he had several "wow" moments during the design and development of the project. "It's not so much a memorial — it's a quiet statement." The memorial also occupies an important, centralized space on campus. Situated at the nexus connecting the north and south ends of campus, as well as its east and west corridors, the memorial serves as a transit junction for people moving to and from work, classes and meetings. It is also at a central meeting space and a place for exercise and entertainment. The UA has other meaningful ties to the USS Arizona. In the years that followed the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Naval Training School moved into Old Main at the UA. And UA alumnus Wilber L. "Bill" Bowers reportedly saved one of the bells from being melted and recycled. That is the bell now located in the Student Union's tower. |
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Welcome to Navy Live blog coverage of the National
Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day Commemoration – cohosted by the
National Park Service and the U.S. Navy. The 75th commemoration
of the Japanese attacks on Pearl Harbor and other U.S. military
facilities on Oahu is an opportunity for us to honor the courage,
service and sacrifice of the …
Dec. 7, 2016, is the 75th anniversary of Imperial
Japan’s attack on Oahu that launched the United States into World
War II. Rear Adm. John Fuller speaks to nearly two hundred veterans
of that war, including several dozen Pearl Harbor survivors, at the
Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day ceremony at Kilo Pier on Joint Base
Pearl …
By Rear Adm. Fritz Roegge Commander, Submarine Force
U.S. Pacific Fleet “When I assumed command of the Pacific Fleet on
31 December 1941, our submarines were already operating against the
enemy, the only units of the fleet that could come to grips with the
Japanese for months to come. It was to the submarine force …
The 75th commemoration of the Japanese attacks on
Pearl Harbor and other U.S. military facilities on Oahu is an
opportunity for us to honor the courage, service and sacrifice of
the U.S. military personnel present during the attacks. Chief
Aviation Ordnanceman John Finn was one of them. While under heavy
machine gun fire, Finn manned …
"This memorial is a fitting contribution to the UA's tradition of remembering the USS Arizona and is a wonderful addition to the UA Mall and the life of our campus," UA President Ann Weaver Hart said during the ceremony. |
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December 13th, 1841 -- Texas Navy
supports Yucatán rebellion against Mexico
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December 13th, 1841 -- Texas Navy supports Yucatán rebellion against Mexico |
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| On this day in 1841, a flotilla of the Texas Navy under the command of Edwin Ward Moore left Galveston to support the province of Yucatán in its rebellion against Mexico. Texas and Yucatán had formalized an alliance in September by which the latter agreed to pay Texas $8,000 a month for the upkeep of the Texas fleet. President Lamar approved of this arrangement and ordered the fleet to leave for
Yucatán. Moore sailed with the Austin, the San Bernard, and the San Antonio for Sisal,
Yucatán, on December 13. |
Sam Houston, who was inaugurated as president of the Republic of Texas on the same day, had a different approach to foreign policy and promptly ordered the fleet to return. These orders did not reach Moore until March 1842, and he returned in May to Texas. During the cruise the fleet captured the Mexican merchant vessel Progreso on February 6 and the Doric, the Dolorita (or
Doritas), and the Dos Amigos in April. |
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| http://tshaonline.us7.list-manage1.com/track/click?u=9ac611cecaa72c69cecc26cb8&id=2c091f441d&e=3967c4da92 Source: Texas State Historical Association |
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| By the time Mariano Guadalupe Vallejo passed away January 18, 1890, what had
been happening in making California an American State was clear .. His wife and two of
his many children had died by then. Among vital goals he assisted in accomplishing was
1849 voter approval of a self-governing state followed by an almost forty year effort to
make government effective through functioning counties. In addition, Vallejo was burdened with Indian Affairs responsibilities amidst the
Gold Rush population explosion flooding their homelands, He chaired a local governments committee of the new State Government. Some counties were accepted only to be subdivided into mor~_11_original Fresno County was subdivided to help create Merced, Mariposa and Tulare Counties. A San Francisco land commission operated 14 scattered months beginning in January 1852. Before it closed down March 3,1855, it had heard 812 costly suits against the United States of America. as required of those trying to protect their land. It was the only option Mexican . land-grant holders had. John Hittle, an attorney for the rancheros, said, "Whether done through direct violence or legislation, the seizure of ranchos from Californios was a species of robbery." Those who defended their property rights in court faced exorbitant trial costs. Vallejo was chairing a local governments committee when California's newborn Statehood was approved by its inhabitants on November 13, 1849. He proposed the State be divided into 27 counties. As it happened, it was divided into many more. A hot day in 1857, Vallejo and one of his older children sat chatting on the shaded veranda of their Sonoma home. Long ago in 1833, Mexico's California Governor Jose Figueroa named Vallejo military commander of the Northern District. He became the "Indian Agent" as well. Following changes toward an American regime in 1850, he chaired the Committee that was sorting California into counties with their own courts and judges. The need for enforceable local law was clear. The 27 were subsequently divided into 58, after Vallejo died. The last was Imperial County on the California side of Colorado River just before it enters Mexico. New States had been regularly formed by enabling acts of Congress .. In January 1850, California's first Senators and Representatives to Congress left for Washington, D.C. After their arrival they laid before both houses certified copies of the new California State Constitution as ratified by Californians and a concise history of the State. The end came in the Great Compromise on September 9, 1850. Because of California's insistent Slave Free status, an agreement for Western return of runaway slaves was the price exacted for Southern votes. Editor Mimi: It is interesting to ponder what might have happened if California had been divided into two or three states, as had been debated. Instead California were divided appropriately by geographic areas into US states, according to economically conducive activity in those areas. The Central valley would not be experiencing the drought imposed by outsider politicians not representing their needs. After writing these thoughts, I happened on an interesting opinion piece in the Los Angeles Times 12/25 with this data:
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Robert D. Wood, Historian, Archivist, Marianists
April 2, 1927 - December 6, 2016 Alejandra Garcia Williams, Mexico Foreign Service, Consul General 1966 to December 19, 2016 |
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Robert D. Wood
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It is with a sad and heavy heart that I
convey the sad news that Brother Robert D. Wood, S.M.
passed away yesterday, December 6, 2016, around noon time.
I received the news from my good friend and mentor
Dr. Félix D. Almaraz Jr. In 1991, he was appointed
university archivist at St. Mary's University and with
that responsibility came the extra duties of the Spanish
Archives of Laredo. Two years later, St. Mary's University
published his first work entitled, Indexes
to the Laredo Archives. And, in 2004, under
the direction of Dr. Roberto R. Calderón, the University
of North Texas Press published his second work entitled, Life
in Laredo: A Documentary History from the Laredo Archives, as
the second book of the Al Filo: Mexican American Studies
Series. Now, I feel very fortunate and blessed to
have had lunch with him and the rest of the brothers and
my former teachers a few years ago at the Residence Hall
on the campus of St. Mary's University. Sometimes,
the Marianist community will wait days before final rites
to allow family members to arrive in San Antonio. May
his soul rest in peace.
~Gilberto Quezada
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Bro. Robert D. Wood, S.M. died in the service of the Blessed Virgin on December 6, 2016 at the age of 89 and with 71 years of vowed life. He was born in St. Louis on April 2, 1927, the son of Douglas Wood and Helen Keefe, and was the first graduate of Eugene Coyle High School in Kirkwood, MO, to enter the Marianists on August 15, 1945. He professed his perpetual vows on July 17, 1949. He received a B.S. in Education from the University of Dayton in 1948, and M.A. in History from the Catholic University of America in 1965, and a Ph. D. in History from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru in 1967 and was a member of Phi Alpha Theta. He taught in Marianist high schools in Chicago and St. Louis; in St. Boniface, Canada where he was on a five-person committee to make the English exam for the whole Province of Manitoba; in Yokohama, Japan; in Lima, Peru; and in Apaseo el Grande in Mexico. He also taught in two universities: the Santa Maria Catholic University in Arequipa where he was Secretary General and Dean of Humanities and established an Institute of Pre-Columbian Studies which became a faculty of archeology, and was made Professor Emeritus. In San Antonio he spent 29 years at St. Mary's University teaching history and anthropology, and serving for 19 of those years as archivist and curator of Special Collections for which he received an award from the San Antonio Historical Society. He was one of the founders of the Society of Mary in Mexico, in Coatzacoalcos. He served for several years as the Secretary General of the Society of Mary in Rome. In his various assignments in addition to teaching he moderated and edited school papers and yearbooks, organized the Marian sodality, built three Lourdes grottos, started an award-winning drum and bugle corps, directed choral groups, and a guitar ensemble, coached a champion track and field team, directed plays, ran a bookstore, and in three places organized the school library. He did archeological work in Peru, Belize, and Rome. He was also a musician and composer, including three operettas. He was fluent in Spanish and translated numerus documents and several books, and interpreted at six General Chapters of the Society of Mary. He had over a dozen books published in addition to the seven booklets of documents from the Laredo archives for which he twice received the Webb County Heritage Award, and over 40 articles in various periodicals. He also received the San Antonio Conservation Society Book Award. Bro. Wood is survived by his sister, Mary Jean Wood, M.D. and several cousins. In lieu of flowers, donations may be made to the Brother Robert Wood Scholarship Fund at St. Mary's University. Condolences may be sent to the family at www.theangelusfuneralhome.com. Arrangements by: Published in Express-News on Dec. 11, 2016 https://plus.google.com/share?url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/sanantonio/obituary. aspx?n=robert-d-wood&pid=183049557&fhid=8911 http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/sanantonio/obituary-print.aspx?n=robert-d-wood&pid=183049557 Sent by Gilberto Quezada jgilbertoquezada@yahoo.com |
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Alejandra García Williams |
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The Consulate of Mexico informs about
the unfortunate passing of Ambassador Alejandra García Williams, a
talented and committed diplomat, occurred on December 19th in
Sacramento, California.
The Consulate staff shares the deep
sorrow that afflicts her family and friends, to whom we express our
sincere condolences, hoping for a prompt recovery for this terrible
loss.
Sincerely,
Marco Antonio Fraire
Consul in Charge
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El
Consulado de México comunica el lamentable fallecimiento de la
Embajadora Alejandra García Williams, comprometida y talentosa
diplomática, ocurrido ayer, 19 de diciembre, en la ciudad de
Sacramento, California.
El personal de esta
Representación se une a la profunda pena que embarga a sus familiares
y amigos, a quienes expresamos las más sentidas condolencias al
tiempo que hacemos votos por una pronta resignación.
Atentamente,
Marco Antonio Fraire
Cónsul Encargado
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| Alejandra Garcia Williams, the
former Mexican Consul in Orange County, died Monday, December 19
from cancer. She was 50 years old, by Roxana Kopetman, staff
writer (Photo courtesy of Francis Bertrand) “She was always a person that was very giving to her job, and she was someone that was always fighting for the rights of the Mexican community – that was her main concern,” said Arturo Sanchez, spokesman for the Mexican Consulate in Santa Ana. “And also promoting Mexico everywhere she was.” García Williams served close to 25 years in Mexico’s foreign service, including five in the Mexican Consulate in Santa Ana, where she was typically seen with her Chihuahua, Miel (honey). Last year, García Williams left Orange County to head to Sacramento when she was promoted to consul general. Prior to those posts, she served as acting consul general and later deputy consul general in San Francisco. In France, she headed the Office of Internal Politics, Human Rights and Legal Affairs at the Mexican Embassy from 2000 to 2006. Across her different assignments, she participated in international conferences and worked on human rights and immigration issues. In Orange County, García Williams viewed her office as a place that some 900,000 people – either born in Mexico or of Mexican descent – could turn to for more than documents. At the Santa Ana office, Mexicans could learn about local laws, how to report a crime and how to prepare to get a driver’s license. "The consul is the home of Mexicans here," she said in 2010. "This is so they can better participate in civic matters and to avoid infractions that may later become bigger problems." When Mexican consulates in the U.S. last year began offering certified copies of Mexican birth certificates, Mexico’s secretary of foreign affairs chose the Santa Ana office as the site to announce the new service. “She had tremendous impact,” said close friend Silvia Ichar, owner of the Orange County Spanish-language magazine Para Todos. The Mexican consul, known for her wit and humor, was “so humane, so caring,” Ichar said. An example from Ichar: “A very humble young guy who was lost in drugs showed up at the consulate. She helped him to become clean and then promoted his paintings. The consulate would be the place where people would go for any matter. “And she would find the soul of the individual to help them blossom. It’s really a huge loss for everybody who knew her and for her country. We are blessed to have had her,” Ichar said. García Williams is survived by her husband, Remi Lacombe, and her daughter, Anne-Sophie. A Mass will be celebrated at noon on Thursday at Saint Ignatius Loyola Parish in Sacramento, with pending services to follow in Mexico and in Orange County. Contact the writer: 714-796-7829 or rkopetman@ocregister.com |
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Dr. Enrique
G. Murillo named Education Leader of the Year by
Unidos Por La Musica LULAC and LICI Hosted Inaugural Latino Tech Summit in Silicon Valley Outside Scholarships Information Book: Student Success Modeling: Elementary School to College, edited by Raymond V. Padilla An Awesomely New Beginning in AISD by Angela Valenzuela, Ph.D. |
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CSUSB
LEAD FOUNDER AND DIRECTOR
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SAN
BERNARDINO, Calif. – Enrique Murillo, a professor of education at Cal
State San Bernardino and executive director of the Latino Education and
Advocacy Days Summit, has been named Education Leader of the Year by
Unidos Por La Musica, a non-profit organization dedicated to promoting
economic self-sufficiency and upward mobility to low-income community
residents through education and the power of music. Murillo,
who also founded LEAD, which is housed in the university’s College of
Education, will be honored at the group’s Christmas Ball Gala on Dec.
8 at the Ontario Convention Center. The
UPLM annually recognizes an individual who has demonstrated an excellent
commitment to advancing education in the inland region. Recently LEAD
and the UPLM partnered on the Summer Fiesta Music & Resource Fair in
Ontario, attracting more than 2,500 people.
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“Unidos
Por La Musica values our partnership with LEAD organization to further
educate our communities. We admire and respect the tremendous commitment
Dr. Murillo has demonstrated in the education for our Latino community,”
said UPLM president and CEO Oscar Ayon. Launched in 2009, the annual LEAD Summit focuses on educational issues affecting Latinos at the national, regional and local levels by bringing together teachers, educators, researchers, scholars, administrators, independent writers and artists, policy and program specialists, students, parents, families, civic leaders, activists and advocates. |
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For more information on Unidos Para La Musica, visit its website at http://www.unidosporlamusica.org, and also view “Unidos Por La Musica Summer Fiesta 2016,” a video of its summer festival at https://youtu.be/m5--s9GF_mk. For
more information on Latino Education and Advocacy Days, visit http://lead.csusb.edu.
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LULAC and LICI Hosted Inaugural Latino Tech Summit in Silicon Valley |
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| In early December, over 600 students, young professionals, and tech industry leaders participated in the first Latino Tech Summit held by the League of United Latin American Citizens (LULAC), in partnership with the Latino Institute for Corporate Inclusion (LICI). The goal of the tech summit was to bring together technology-based corporations interested in diversifying their workforce and investing in Latino talent. | ||
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| “The tech industry relies on a few universities, such as Stanford and MIT, which has produced a steady stream of mostly white candidates,” said LULAC National Executive Director Brent Wilkes. “Per diversity reports from Google, Microsoft, Facebook and Twitter, 56 percent of employees in tech jobs are white, 37 percent Asian, 3 percent Hispanic and 1 percent black. The technology summit was designed to share effective strategies to recruit, retain and develop Latino talent. As part of that effort, the Latino Tech Summit provided workshops and forums so that young qualified people heard from the country’s leading tech executives regarding information and communication technology, as well as career opportunities in design and technology-related start-ups.” | As part of its mission, LULAC helps ensure that the Latino community has access to a range of resources and information that help enrich their lives and advance professional opportunity. Latinos are increasingly pursuing degrees in STEM that facilitate the development of the necessary skills to work in the tech industry, and it's important that these diverse candidates are seriously considered for positions in U.S. tech companies. LULAC will ensure that future tech summits continue to share effective strategies to recruit, retain, and develop Latino talent so that the tech industry workforce reflects the diversity of the consumers who use their products. | |
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| At the tech expo, representatives from tech companies were available to discuss job and internship opportunities with students from the San Jose community. | Panel topics focused on important issues in the tech industry, including technology use in nonprofits, entrepreneurship and start-ups, and diversity and inclusion in the tech industry workforce. |
LULAC National Office, 1133 19th Street NW, Suite 1000 Washington DC 20036, (202) 833-6130, (202) 833-6135 FAX |
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He defines student success simply as progress through a program of study, such that the student and others expect him or her to complete it and be promoted to the next level or graduate. Rather than focusing on the reasons for failure or drop out, his approach focuses on understanding the factors that account for student success and that enable many students, some of them under the most challenging circumstances, to complete all program requirements and graduate. The models provide schools and colleges with an analytical tool to uncover the reasons for student success so that they can develop strategies and practices that will enable more students to emulate their successful peers. They address the characteristics of the students―such as motivation and engagement, the ability to surmount barriers, and persistence―and similarly surface the characteristics of teachers, the educational institution, its resources, and the contexts in which they interact. The process provides administrators with a clear and appropriate strategy for action at the level of each individual unit or subpopulation. Recognizing the need to develop general models of student success that also can be applied locally to specific situations and contexts, the book presents Padilla’s Expertise Model of Student Success (EMSS) that can be applied to general populations, as well as the Local Student Success Model (LSSM) that can be used to drive local institutional strategies to improve student success. The book demonstrates how the models have been applied in settings as diverse as a minority high school, a community college, and an Hispanic Serving Institution, and for such purposes as comparing a high-performing and a non high-performing elementary school. Contributors: * Kimberly S. Barker is an assistant professor at Texas A&M University-Kingsville, System Center San Antonio. She is currently working in the College of Education, Department of Curriculum and Instruction. * Mary J. Miller is the Instructional Compliance Director for the Edgewood Independent School District in San Antonio, Texas. Prior to this appointment, she served as an elementary school principal for ten years. * George E. Norton is the Assistant Vice President of Student Affairs for Admissions, Orientation & Transition Services at The University of Texas at San Antonio. * Ralph Mario Wirth is an administrator and director of educational planning at The San Antonio School for Inquiry and Creativity, as well as lead researcher for the Democratic Schools Research Institute, Inc. |
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Today represents an awesomely new beginning for our district with our leadership making the wise decision to pilot an Ethnic Studies course in the Austin Independent School District (AISD) at six high schools beginning in the 2017-18 year as follows: Anderson, Akins, Austin, LBJ Early College, Reagan Early College, and Travis High Schools. By Fall 2018, the district plans to implement it at all high school campuses district-wide. Here's how the district officially describes it: The course will be a weighted credit under Special Topics in Social Studies. The course is divided into parts 1A and 1B. Students can earn 0.5 credit for each part. Students must take course 1A to take course 1B. An Ethnic Studies course uses critical historical inquiry to examine the languages, family structures, spiritual traditions, economic and social issues, political aspirations, and values of diverse groups within the United States. The course has the potential to reduce drop-out rates and provide a more inclusive and engaging academic experience for students, especially those who are at-risk. An Ethnic Studies course can also influence college enrollment as increasing numbers of students experience academic success derived from an authentic connection to the curriculum. You can read more about yesterday's December 12, 2016 AISD Board Session item on Ethnic Studies here. There is, of course, voluminous scholarship in
Ethnic Studies that easily tracks back to the Civil Rights Movement
and the establishment in the late 1960s and early 1970s of centers and
departments in African American studies, Asian American studies,
Native American studies, and Mexican American Studies, together with
significant support from the Ford Foundation. That said, I'm happy to
share a few recent published,
peer-reviewed articles that I recommend that you read: |
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ISLAMISTS ATTACK CHRISTMAS, BUT EUROPEANS ABOLISH IT |
A statue of the Virgin Mary was ordered taken away by a court in the French municipality of Publier. Senator Nathalie Goulet slammed the judges as “ayatollahs of secularism”. A German school in Turkey just banned Christmas celebrations: the school, Istanbul Lisesi, funded by the German government, decided that Christmas traditions and carol-singing would no longer be allowed. A Woolworth’s store in Germany scrapped Christmas decorations telling customers that the shop “is now Muslim”. Muslims are also reclaiming “the mosque of Cordoba”. Authorities in the southern Spanish city recently dealt a blow to the Catholic Church’s claim of ownership of the cathedral. Now Islamists want it back. The final result of Europe’s self-destructive secularism could seriously be a Caliphate. “Everything is Christian”, Jean-Paul Sartre wrote after the war. Two thousand years of Christianity have left a deep mark on the French language, landscape and culture. But not according to France’s Minister of Education, Najat Vallaud-Belkacem. She just announced that instead of saying “Merry Christmas”, state officials should use “Happy Holidays” — clearly a deliberate intent to erase from discourse and the public space any reference to the Christian culture in which France is rooted. Jean-François Chemain called it the “eradication of any Christian sign in the public landscape”. A year ago, the controversy was ignited in the French town of Ploermel, where a court decided that the statue of Pope John Paul II, erected in a square, had to be removed for violating “secularism”… Europe is already mutilating her own [History and] traditions “to avoid offending Muslims”. We have become our own biggest enemy. Source: Liberty Headlines . . http://www.libertyheadlines.com/islamists-attack-christmas-europeans-abolish/ |
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Los Pastores, the Shepherds Play Identidad Criolla e Identidad Mestiza vs. Identidad Latina Español o Castellano? |
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| Hello Mimi, I would like to share with you the following letter addressed to our good friend, Dr. Félix D. Almaráz, Jr, and the press release on the production of "Los Pastores," on Saturday evening, December 17, 2017, at Mission San José. ~ Gilberto Good Afternoon Dr. Almaraz, Mission San Jose welcomes “Los Pastores: The
Shepherds Play (A Christmas Story)” on December 17, 2016SAN ANTONIO
(Dec. 12, 2016) – The community is invited to a FREE production
of “Los Pastores: The Shepherds Play” at Mission San Jose, 701 E.
Pyron, on Saturday, Dec. 17, 2016 from 7 to 9 p.m. The event
presented by Mission San José Parish, is being underwritten through
funds raised as part of the 2016 World Heritage Festival. “Los
Pastores” is the “shepherd’s story” that dates to the Spanish
Colonial era. The Franciscan friars originally used “Los Pastores”
as an interactive method of teaching the indigenous people about the
Nativity story. The script used for this performance dates to the 1930s
and this year marks the 69th year of a public production of “Los
Pastores” at Mission San José. Reputedly, the oldest continually
running production of “Los Pastores” in San Antonio is the one done
by the Guadalupe Players on the grounds of Mission San José. The story
is told from the shepherds’ point of view and depicts their journey to
Bethlehem and the battles between good and evil, both internally and
externally, that they encounter on their journey.
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Identidad Criolla e Identidad Mestiza vs. Identidad Latina
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El término
"Latino" debería pertenecer a una etnia Europea,
proveniente de países cuya lengua parte de las lenguas romances
siendo Portugal, España, Italia, Francia y Rumania., Debería aplicar
como Germano ,Nordico, Báltico, Anglosajón,.. Latino.
En cambio se le da a la mayoría de mestizos de América. Porque el término "Latino" no se toma como apropiación cultural? La única respuesta que se me ocurre es por el rechazo de la mayoría de mestizos hacia sus otras raíces y la problemática de identidad de ser una raza mixta, así como los niveles de esta donde unos se pueden ver más "latinos" que otros. |
Algún
término más correcto sería Indio-latino, pero también tendría
alguna connotación negativa, de la misma manera que resulta incómodo
decirle negro a un negro.
Es hora de definiciones. La cultura global esta fallando y añoramos identidad real ante las limitaciones de esta.
Publicado
en Identidad Criollas
hora
de definir correctamente lo que somos!
Enviado por Dr. Carlos Campos y Escalante
campce@gmail.com
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Español o Castellano? ¿La forma correcta de llamar a nuestro idioma es español o
castellano? |
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Español.- Para designar la lengua común de España y de muchas naciones de América, y que también se habla como propia en otras partes del
mundo, son válidos los términos castellano y español. La polémica sobre cuál de estas denominaciones resulta más apropiada está hoy
superada. El término español resulta más recomendable por carecer de ambigüedad, ya que se refiere de modo unívoco a la lengua que hablan hoy cerca de cuatrocientos millones de personas.
Asimismo, es la denominación que se utiliza internacionalmente (Spanish,
espagnol, Spanisch, spagnolo, etc.). Aun siendo también sinónimo de español, resulta preferible reservar el término castellano para referirse al dialecto románico nacido en el Reino de Castilla durante la Edad Media, o al dialecto del español que se habla actualmente en esta región. |
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Memories of the Texas Book Festival, November 11, 2000 by J. Gilberto
Quezada Fourth Quarter: Reflections of a Cranky Old Man by Carlos E. Cortes Nuestra America Magazine is now publish for free Get Your Copy of LATINA Style History of the publication of the original two-volume Handbook of Texas in 1952 |
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| As I commenced the septuagenarian stage of my halcyon years, several memorable and unforgettable events come to light. These fond memories bring back old and new friendships, special occasions, and most important, singular experiences. It was sixteen years ago this past November that I was invited to be a featured author at the Texas Book Festival in Austin, Texas. While growing up in Laredo's poorest neighborhood--El Barrio
Azteca, during the 1940s and 1950s, I never dreamed that one day, I would be included in this august literary gathering. And, most important, years later as a public school administrator, the idea that I would, one day, be in the same room with renowned authors, from Texas and from throughout the United States, whose books I had read, never entered my imagination. |
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After the publication of my political biography, Border Boss: Manuel B. Bravo and Zapata County, by Texas A&M University Press in the spring of 1999, it garnered three prestigious accolades: the Texas Institute of Letters Award, the American Association for State and Local History Award, and the Webb County Heritage Foundation Award. Moreover, the book was a bestseller and talks were underway for the publication of a paperback edition. |
In the meantime, I was enjoying the publicity of the several book-signings, and especially, all the positive reviews that were published in the following sources: CHOICE, San Antonio Express & News, Texas Books in Review, The Journal of American History, New Mexico Historical Review, Laredo Morning Times, Journal of the West, Western Historical Quarterly, Amarillo Globe-News, Dallas Morning News, Journal of Southern History, La Vista de la Frontera--Newsletter of the Center for Big Bend Studies, Texas Oral History Association Newsletter, Austin American-Statesman, Zapata County News, Mexia Daily News, LareDOS, Southside Reporter, La Prensa, and LULAC News. I told Jo Emma that all the hard work, persistence, and personal sacrifices that we made during the eight year period that it took for me to do the research and the writing had definitely paid off, and I did all this while working full-time as a public school administrator. She stood by me all this time, with her unwavering support and patience. We never lost faith in Divine Providence. One Sunday afternoon when Jo Emma and I returned to San Antonio from our two-week summer vacation in Zapata, and I was looking forward to another school year, we found in the stack of hold mail, and to our total surprise, the letter of invitation, dated June 23, 2000, from Laura Bush, First Lady of Texas/Honorary Chairman and Mary Margaret Farabee, Chairman. In part, the letter stated, "We are pleased to invite you to be a featured author at this year's Texas Book Festival November 10-12 at the State Capitol in Austin...." During the ensuing months, I received several letters from Cyndi Hughes, the Festival's director, with further instructions and information. Needless to say, I was very anxious and excited and definitely looking forward to this highly important literary event in my life. Because all the proceeds from the book signings were going as grants to the state's public libraries, I received no honorarium and I had to pay my own way, and so, I made reservations at the Austin Marriott at the Capitol, which was located just a few blocks away. By the way, I found out that in the prior year, both the Laredo Public Library and the Zapata County Public Library received these grants, along with 323 other state public libraries. A few weeks before the event, I received a pink color announcement indicating that I was assigned to a panel discussion titled, "Bio-Diversity: Writing Down Lives," along with three other panelists: Dr. Félix D. Almaraz, Jr., (Cisneros 2000: Faces of the Borderlands and Knight Without Armor: Carlos Eduardo Castaneda, 1896-1958), Anne Row Seaman (Swagger: The Unauthorized Biography of an American Evangelist), and Dr. Ron Tyler (Alfred Jacob Miller, Artist as Explorer: First Views of the American Frontier). The moderator assigned to the panel was Bill Crawford, and the panel would run for one hour and fifteen minutes, allowing each of us a fifteen minute presentation and another fifteen minutes for questions from the audience. Our panel discussion was scheduled for Saturday afternoon at 3:15. Furthermore, I was informed that I would be joining such notable authors as Stephen Ambrose, Ted
Koppel, Liz Smith, Liz Carpenter, Betty Friedan, John Phillip Santos, Sandra Brown, Jay Brandon, Joseph Califano Jr.,
T.R. Fehrenbach, Pat Mora, Robert Flynn, John Graves, Bill Croneman, David
McComb, María Hinojosa, Diana Kennedy, Tony Hillerman, and many others, for a total of 121. Now, both my blood pressure and distress level skyrocketed. After the event was over, I wanted to burn some of the adrenalin that was overflowing throughout my body so I walked along Colorado Street up to 13th Street (west of the Capitol), browsing the Exhibitors tents. On the way back, I stopped by the Poetry tent on 11th Street (south of the Capitol) and listened to some mini slam poetry. I had a quick bite to eat at the Capitol Grill before attending a panel discussion in the auditorium, located on Level E1of the Capitol Extension. The title was, "Page Turners: How Authors Keep Readers Up All Night," and the moderator, Richard Holland, did an excellent job in keeping the lively discussion moving among the four panelists: Sandra Brown, Robert Flynn, Stephen
Harrigan, and Lawrence Wright.
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Dr. Carlos E. Cortes
Professor Emeritus
Department of History
University of Calif., Riverside
900 University Avenue
Riverside, CA 92521
Phone: (951)-827-1487
Fax: (951)-827-5299
E-mail: carlos.cortes@ucr.edu
Website: www.carlosecortes.com
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Carlos Cortes is a retired history professor who travels the world with his wife, Laurel, while lecturing on cruise ships, reviewing
television scripts, giving talks and workshops on diversity, and performing his one-person autobiographical play, "A Conversation with Alana: One boy's Multicultural Rite of Passage. |
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MEMORIES I’m
so old I remember
Where I was when I heard
When
Where I first saw
When
I
wouldn’t exactly call them "the good old days"
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Nuestra America
Magazine is now publish for free on our Blog and on our Face Book |
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http://nuestraamericanews.blogspot.com Also, you will be able to read its 16 pages free of charge on Face Book: Nuestra America. If you want to read it on PDF magazine format, please subscribe for an annual fee of $25.00 USD by sending your email to nuestraamericamagazine@gmail.com. The subscription is paid via www.paypal.com When sending the money through PayPal just write our email address: nuestra.america@hotmail.com
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http://nuestraamericanews.blogspot.com
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Get Your Copy of LATINA Style Magazine, Vol. 22, No. 6 Today!
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Offering
various programs for Latinas, LATINA Style Inc.
hosted the 13th National LATINA Symposium in the
nation's capital on September 8th. Check out the highlights of
the celebratory event and Distinguished Meritorious Service
Awards ceremony here.
The impact of Latinas who
help keep their nation safe through military service combined with
their intellect in STEM is palpable. Kimberly Martinez and Major
Marisol A. Chalas are two Latinas who broke down barriers despite
humble beginnings, and paved the way for the women who followed.
They are proud to defend their country and inspire future
generations. Read about them in Military
Latinas Make their Mark in STEM.
The LATINA
Style Corporate Executives of the Year program was launched
in 2009 with the mission of highlighting individual Latina
achievement in the corporate arena. The finalists listed in this
edtion have been selected and recognized based on their excellence
in business impact, corporate leadership, mentorship, and
remarkable dedication to working with our communities both locally
and nationally. Learn who they are here.
The
power of the purse has established that women are the top purchasers
of vehicles. When it comes to picking out a vehicle, women have many
different needs and desires for their car-of-choice; sometimes, it's
a truck and some women choose more than one vehicle to get things
right for their household. We took a look at vehicles for 2017 and
here are a few notes on their characteristics and features. Check
them out here.
If you have a story to share,
email us at info@latinastyle.com
|
Offering
various programs
for Latinas,
LATINA Style
Inc. hosted the
13th National
LATINA
Symposium in
the nation's
capital on
September 8th.
Check out the
highlights of the
celebratory event
and Distinguished
Meritorious
Service Awards
ceremony here.
The impact of Latinas
who help keep their
nation safe through
military service
combined with their
intellect in STEM is
palpable. Kimberly
Martinez and Major
Marisol A. Chalas are
two Latinas who broke
down barriers despite
humble beginnings, and
paved the way for the
women who followed.
They are proud to
defend their country
and inspire future
generations. Read
about them in Military
Latinas Make their
Mark in STEM.
The LATINA
Style Corporate
Executives of the
Year program was
launched in 2009
with the mission of
highlighting
individual Latina
achievement in the
corporate arena. The
finalists listed in
this edtion have
been selected and
recognized based on
their excellence in
business impact,
corporate
leadership,
mentorship, and
remarkable
dedication to
working with our
communities both
locally and
nationally. Learn
who they are here.
The
power of the purse has
established that women
are the top purchasers
of vehicles. When it
comes to picking out a
vehicle, women have
many different needs
and desires for their
car-of-choice;
sometimes, it's a
truck and some women
choose more than one
vehicle to get things
right for their
household. We took a
look at vehicles for
2017 and here are a
few notes on their
characteristics and
features. Check them
out here.
Get your copy of LATINA Style Magazine, Vol. 22, No. 6 Today |
History of the publication of the original two-volume Handbook of Texas in 1952. |
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Richard B. McCaslin, At the Heart of Texas: One Hundred Years of the
Texas State Historical Association, 1897-1997. (Austin: TSHA, 2007)
99 http://tshaonline.us7.list-manage.com/track/click?u=9ac611cecaa72c69cecc26cb8&id=236deacd0d&e=3967c4da92 The Handbook of Texas project began in 1939 as an effort led by Walter Prescott Webb, TSHA director, and University of Texas professor, to create “the most useful book that has ever been published in Texas.” Though Webb admitted that his goal might be “an impossible dream,” his leadership facilitated the funding, staffing, and publication of the original two-volume Handbook of Texas in 1952. Professor Webb could not have possibly imagined the ways in which the Handbook has grown and changed over time, but he certainly would be pleased that the public demand for scholarship remains so strong. Donate Now Letter to Viola Rodriguez Sadler which was sent to Editor Mimi: Dear Viola, From the new staff to new programs, TSHA constantly improves and expands. As demand for Texas history resources increases, we are proud to meet that need and bring Texas history to you. From your computer and mobile devices to your bookshelf to events and workshops, TSHA puts Texas history within your reach. This year we have provided new eBooks, such as Women Across Texas History and Tejanos Through Time, to further expand and showcase our Handbook of Texas content. We have even instituted a new program—the Texas Talks webinar series—to bring Texas history to the world and further amplify our reach. These are just of few of our ventures this year. With our many projects, programs, and publications, the driving principle remains constant: We must forge ahead, building a bright future for our past, by knowing our shared Texas history. Our accomplishments in 2016 are shaping the future by promoting the history of Texas. One way you can help us continue this momentum in 2017 is by investing in A Future for Our Past. In order to meet the growing demands of a rapidly-growing Texas, we need your help. With your investment, we promise to make certain one of our most precious resources is never lost to the shadows of time and thrives in an ever-changing world. Thank you for helping to promote and celebrate our Texas history. |
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| The Vet Hunters Project Lenny Pelullo in the Jungles of Vietnam by Joe Sanchez A Veteran Died Today The University of Arizona Mall Memorial Makes 'Quiet Statement' |
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 Vet
Hunters is a grass roots movement that was started by one soldier, Joe
G. Leal, who vowed to honor his fallen comrades, by serving the living
and leaving no veteran behind. Search and rescue missions in the
streets of America were initiated and ‘vet hunting,” was born.During V.H.P’s first year of inception, hundreds of veterans have been assisted all over the U.S. the development of effective outreach and what we call “vetworking,” will continue to increase in intensity until the homeless epidemic is diminished and ultimately ended.  TThe words homeless and veteran should never go together! When you think of vet hunters, think of us as being like “e-harmony” of homelessness. We connect the homeless person to resources by bringing them to where the homeless veteran’s live! Our office is the streets and anywhere a homeless veteran may call home. We take the word homeless away from veteran through action. if the veteran lives under a bridge, you will find us there doing everything possible to bring our homeless heroes, home!
We are not government funded allowing us to meet the
needs of veterans quickly. No red tape is how we operate.
Email:info@vethunters.org
Office hours are: Until they all come HOME
The Vet Hunters Project is a 501 (C) 3 Non-Profit
Organization 30-0704930
Please Donate, you can help
end Veteran Homelessness
View videos . . http://vethunters.org/videos-2/ Sent by Alfred Lugo |
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Lenny Pelullo in the Jungles of Vietnam by Joe Sanchez |
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Maria Pelullo with her baby boy, Leonard Pelullo, born
Christmas Eve, December 24, 1945. Lenny was 7 months old in this
photo. |
 Left to Right: Joe Sanchez and Lenny Pelullo |
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| I remember one day when Lenny
received a Christmas package from his Mom and Dad. They lived in
Philadelphia. There were cookies and other good things to eat in
the package, plus an audio recording of Lenny's Mom, Dad, and one of his
sisters, wishing Lenny a Happ Birthday, Merry Christmas and a safe
return home. Lenny was recovering from a mild case of jungle rot on his
legs. After hearing the recording, Lenny looked at me and said,
"Joe, I'm not dying in the jungles of Vietnam.. I'm going to
make it home." I said, "I know Lenny, you and I will make it
home. Lenny was killed in action a few weeks later, along with two other soldiers during a firefight. He took a bullet to the head. |
I was able to locate his parents back in 1997. His Dad and Mom were happy to see me. As was one of his sisters. They wanted to know how Lenny had died. I gave them a little more information than what they were told in a letter written to them by our commanding officer. Lenny and the two soldier died defending an outpost perimeter, where the VC had tried to enter at one AM. Lenny was wrong. He lost his life in the jungles of Vietnam, serving his country. I've never forgotten Lenny, nor Alan Weismaner, who prior to Lenny, lost his life on November 19, 1966, when he was shot in the head during a firefight woolith the NVA. I wrote about Alan in my book, "True Blue: A Tale, in my book, "True Blue: "A Tale of the Enemy Within. | |
| Lenny's parents have since died. God bless their souls, as well as Lenny and Alan Weisman. I am proud to have served with them. Merry Christmas, Happy Hanukkah, Happy New Year, and God Bless to all. http://www.vvmf.org/Wall-of-Faces/40045/LEONARD-S-PELULLO http://www.virtualwall.org/dw/WeismanAN01a.htmv Joe Sanchez bluewall@mpinet.net
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A Veteran Died Today |
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He
was getting old and paunchy
And his hair was falling fast, And he sat around the Legion, Telling stories of the past.
Of
a
war
that
he
once
fought
in
And the deeds that he had done, In his exploits with his buddies; They were heroes, every one.
And
'tho
sometimes
to
his
neighbors
His tales became a joke, All his buddies listened quietly For they knew where of he spoke.
But
we'll
hear
his
tales
no
longer,
For ol' Joe has passed away, And the world's a little poorer For a Veteran died today.
He
won't
be
mourned
by
many,
Just his children and his wife. For he lived an ordinary, Very quiet sort of life.
He
held
a
job
and
raised
a
family,
Going quietly on his way; And the world won't note his passing, 'Tho a Veteran died today.
When
politicians
leave
this
earth,
Their bodies lie in state, While thousands note their passing, And proclaim that they were great.
Papers
tell
of
their
life
stories
From the time that they were young, But the passing of a Veteran Goes unnoticed, and unsung.
Is
the
greatest
contribution
To the welfare of our land, Some jerk who breaks his promise And cons his fellow man?
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Or
the
ordinary
fellow
Who in times of war and strife, Goes off to serve his country And offers up his life?
The
politician's
stipend
And the style in which he lives, Are often disproportionate, To the service that he gives.
While
the
ordinary
Veteran,
Who offered up his all, Is paid off with a medal And perhaps a pension, small.
It
is not
the
politicians
With their compromise and ploys, Who won for us the freedom That our country now enjoys.
Should
you find
yourself
in
danger,
With your enemies at hand, Would you really want some cop-out, With his ever-waffling stand? His home, his country, his kin, Just a common Veteran, Who would fight until the end.
He
was just a common Veteran,
And his ranks are growing thin, But his presence should remind us We may need his likes again.
For
when countries are in conflict,
We find the Veteran's part, Is to clean up all the troubles That the politicians start.
If
we cannot do him honour
While he's here to hear the praise, Then at least let's give him homage At the ending of his days.
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Perhaps
just a simple headline "OUR
COUNTRY IS IN MOURNING, |
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The USS Arizona Mall Memorial traces a full-scale outline of the ship's deck and includes a brick plaza with 1,177 inscribed bronze medallions honoring the ship's sailors and Marines who died in the Dec. 7, 1941, bombing of Pearl Harbor. (Photo: La Monica Everett-Haynes/UANews) The USS Arizona Mall Memorial traces a full-scale outline of the ship's deck and includes a brick plaza with 1,177 inscribed bronze medallions honoring the ship's sailors and Marines who died in the Dec. 7, 1941, bombing of Pearl Harbor. (Photo: La Monica Everett-Haynes/UANews) The newest memorial on campus, with its overt and subtle elements, speaks to UA tradition, design and the continuing effort to preserve the memory of 1,177 sailors and Marines killed on the USS Arizona during the 1941 bombing of Pearl Harbor. La Monica Everett-Haynes, University Communications, Dec. 5, 2016 Resources for the Media: |
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| Lt. John William Finn took
charge of a machine gun and began returning fire after the first attack
by Japanese airplanes on Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941.Nearby, Francis C.
Flaherty, an ensign of the U.S. Naval Reserve, saw that the USS Oklahoma
was going to capsize. He chose to remain in a gun turret to help others
escape. Stationed on the USS Nevada, sailor Edwin Joseph Hill led a group of men to safety, then swam back in an attempt to dislodge the anchors. The University of Arizona's USS Arizona Mall Memorial — dedicated during a ceremony on Sunday that drew an overflow crowd, including direct descendants of USS Arizona sailors and Marines — honors the sacrifices of those men, and others killed during the bombing of Pearl Harbor."You think of those who served and perished, and the 335 who survived — it was a typical day, if you think about it … and they didn’t know the world was about to change," U.S. Rep. Martha McSally, R-Ariz., said during the dedication, held also to commemorate the 75th anniversary of the surprise strike by Japan. |
After the bombing, many
survivors were immediately reassigned for what would become World War
II. Some would not know for weeks, months and even until the end of the
war that their friends, colleagues and brothers had died at Pearl
Harbor, McSally said. "These are just some of the stories of how they got up that morning — like we got up this morning," said McSally, a retired U.S. Air Force colonel. "We are to continue with their legacy and honor them, and there is no more fitting a way to do that than this memorial at the University of Arizona. So as we are going to class or work or running down the Mall, we may stop and look at the names and remember their service, sacrifice and courage. May we continue with their legacy. Freedom is only one generation away from being lost." Panels at the memorial carry bronze medallions displaying the name, rank and home state of each of the 1,177 sailors and Marines who died on the ship. All told, more than 2,400 Americans died at Pearl Harbor and an additional 1,282 were wounded. |
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| After the bombing, many survivors were immediately reassigned for what would become World War II. Some would not know for weeks, months and even until the end of the war that their friends, colleagues and brothers had died at Pearl Harbor, McSally said. "These are just some of the stories of how they got up that morning — like we got up this morning," said McSally, a retired U.S. Air Force colonel. "We are to continue with their legacy and honor them, and there is no more fitting a way to do that than this memorial at the University of Arizona. So as we are going to class or work or running down the Mall, we may stop and look at the names and remember their service, sacrifice and courage. |
May we continue with their legacy. Freedom is only one generation away from being lost. "Panels at the memorial carry bronze medallions displaying the name, rank and home state of each of the 1,177 sailors and Marines who died on the ship. All told, more than 2,400 Americans died at Pearl Harbor and an additional 1,282 were wounded. "The sacrifices made by America's sailors and Marines, both past and present, can never truly be measured, but they certainly can be appreciated," said U.S. Navy Rear Adm. Stephen C. Evans, commander of the Naval Service Training Command, who also spoke during the ceremony. "Their histories can be retold and their memories kept alive." |
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Eight of the 1,177 men who lost their lives on the USS Arizona during the attack on Pearl Harbor were from Arizona. At the USS Arizona Mall Memorial dedication, a bell salvaged from the ship and permanently housed at the Student Union Memorial Center was rung for each.
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| A Memorial Unlike Others: Memorials like this one are imbued with symbolism. But for the UA's newest memorial, its form also creates an echoing effect with the campus on which it lives. The memorial's orientation aligns with the UA's oldest building, Old Main. There is a direct, line-eye connection from the memorial's flagpole to the bell tower in the Student Union Memorial Center, which was designed with the battleship in mind. That tower enshrines one of two bells salvaged from the ship after it was bombed. If the USS Arizona were to be superimposed over the memorial, the memorial's flagpole would be located on the Arizona’s bridge, where many senior officers died. The rounded opening at the flagpole, formed by the curved walls on the east side of the memorial walkway, was intentionally produced, partially to account for such precision but also to help account for the large number of medallions, said Chuck Albanese, retired dean and professor of the UA College of Architecture, Planning and Landscape Architecture. Albanese worked with Tucsonans David Carter and Bill Westcott to conceptualize and raise $175,000 in private donations to fund the project. |
Even the dark red rubberized track material lining the UA Mall, creating a full-scale outline of the ship's deck, speaks to the UA and its tradition of red brick. "When you tell people these stories, they say there are too many coincidences," Albanese said, adding that he had several "wow" moments during the design and development of the project. "It's not so much a memorial — it's a quiet statement." The memorial also occupies an important, centralized space on campus. Situated at the nexus connecting the north and south ends of campus, as well as its east and west corridors, the memorial serves as a transit junction for people moving to and from work, classes and meetings. It is also at a central meeting space and a place for exercise and entertainment. The UA has other meaningful ties to the USS Arizona. In the years that followed the attack on Pearl Harbor, the Naval Training School moved into Old Main at the UA. And UA alumnus Wilber L. "Bill" Bowers reportedly saved one of the bells from being melted and recycled. That is the bell now located in the Student Union's tower. |
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Welcome to Navy Live blog coverage of the National
Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day Commemoration – cohosted by the
National Park Service and the U.S. Navy. The 75th commemoration
of the Japanese attacks on Pearl Harbor and other U.S. military
facilities on Oahu is an opportunity for us to honor the courage,
service and sacrifice of the …
Dec. 7, 2016, is the 75th anniversary of Imperial
Japan’s attack on Oahu that launched the United States into World
War II. Rear Adm. John Fuller speaks to nearly two hundred veterans
of that war, including several dozen Pearl Harbor survivors, at the
Pearl Harbor Remembrance Day ceremony at Kilo Pier on Joint Base
Pearl …
By Rear Adm. Fritz Roegge Commander, Submarine Force
U.S. Pacific Fleet “When I assumed command of the Pacific Fleet on
31 December 1941, our submarines were already operating against the
enemy, the only units of the fleet that could come to grips with the
Japanese for months to come. It was to the submarine force …
The 75th commemoration of the Japanese attacks on
Pearl Harbor and other U.S. military facilities on Oahu is an
opportunity for us to honor the courage, service and sacrifice of
the U.S. military personnel present during the attacks. Chief
Aviation Ordnanceman John Finn was one of them. While under heavy
machine gun fire, Finn manned …
"This memorial is a fitting contribution to the UA's tradition of remembering the USS Arizona and is a wonderful addition to the UA Mall and the life of our campus," UA President Ann Weaver Hart said during the ceremony. |
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FOUR VILLARREAL FAMILY SIBLINGS INDUCTED
INTO THE CANARY ISLAND DESCENDANTS ASSOCIATION |
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L-R: Jesse O.
Villarreal, Sr.; Santos S. Villarreal, Sr.; Janie Villarreal Mora;
Teresa Villarreal Rodríguez |
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It is my personal wish that, like these four Villarreal family
siblings, many readers of SOMOS PRIMOS might wish to do their own
genealogical and historical homework. They,
too, will be very pleased to learn who many of their ancestors were
and what they did.
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The ebook is availabe for puchase at https://www.amazon.com/ , http://www.barnesandnoble.com/ ,or, https://www.smashwords.com/. The hardback book is available for purchase at Ecwid Store. Joel Reyes canoa101@aol.com |
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Do You Have Your Great-Great-Great-Grandfather’s Nose?November 9, 2016 By Guest Blogger
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Do You Have Your Great-Great-Great-Grandfather’s Nose? by Diahan Southard November 9, 2016 By Guest Blogger DNA gave you the gift of your mother’s eyes or your father’s hair, your grandmother’s freckles or your grandfather’s nose. It’s fun and sometimes easy to see strong family traits connect the generations. While these family attributes help you identify with the relatives you know personally or through photographs, the results of a DNA test for family history dig much further into the past. Read on to learn the basics about using DNA testing in your family history research. Who Should Have a DNA Test Completed? DNA testing provides a tangible connection to the past, which helps family history appeal to people that otherwise might not consider their heritage. So, in a best-case scenario, everyone would be tested. But, let’s be realistic; it is just not cost-effective to test every family member, so who should be at the top of your list? Understanding just a little bit about DNA and how is inherited provides some clues about how to move forward. As you may recall from your high school biology course, each of us receives half of our DNA from our mother and half from our father. So, what happens to the other half? The part you didn’t get? It is lost. Yes, lost! Some of that information might be recorded in your siblings’ DNA if you have brothers and sisters, but the truth is that much of our DNA record is lost with each new generation. Knowing that brings us to the conclusion that you need to test the oldest generation first. In short, anyone who is alive today, whose parents are not still alive needs to be tested (if their parents are alive, test them instead). Don’t forget about aunts and uncles. Great Aunt Hilda may be spry but it would be best to test her soon, especially if she is the last of her generation. What Test Should I Take? There are three different kinds of tests available for genetic genealogists. The Y chromosome test. This test provides a DNA profile useful for tracing a direct male line. Only men can use this test. It can help you trace your direct paternal line ancestry back 10 or more generations and help sort out related lines among a common surname. It can also help a male adoptee (whether in this generation or any past generation) identify a possible surname for his biological father. The mtDNA test. This test provides a DNA profile useful for tracing a direct female line. This moderately helpful test is most effective when you have a specific genealogical scenario in mind that you are trying to prove or disprove. (See scenario #2 at the end of this article for an example.) Anyone can take this test. The Autosomal DNA test. This test traces all of your ancestral lines, but it is generally helpful back only 5 or 6 generations. Anyone can take this test. In general, each individual needs his or her own autosomal DNA test. You can then represent each surname in your pedigree chart by testing a direct male descendant of each ancestor with a Y chromosome test. This would be yourself, if you are male, or your dad or brother if you are female. This represents your own surname line. But then you can test your mom’s brother to capture her surname line, and your dad’s mom’s brother to represent her line, and so on. The possibilities are nearly endless! Where Can I Order a DNA Test? For YDNA and mtDNA testing, the choice is easy. Family Tree DNA is the only company offering YDNA and mtDNA testing for genetic genealogy. For the mtDNA test, you want to take the full sequence test. For the YDNA test, the 67 marker test is ideal, but the 37 marker test will suffice. You can always upgrade later if needed. In the autosomal DNA testing category, you have three options for ordering tests: Family Tree DNA, AncestryDNA, and 23andMe. Each testing company has its own pros and cons. To help you make a decision, there is a comparison chart with information for each company. It should be noted that 23andMe focuses more on health purposes of genetic testing than on genetic testing for genealogy purposes. Because of this, 23andMe offers two levels of testing: one that includes health reports and one that provides ancestry reports only. What it really comes down to is deciding which company is going to best serve your needs: a DNA match that will lead to a genealogical discovery. Of course, there is no way to predict whether you will find a DNA match, but using the largest database is probably gives you a better chance of that happening. Right now AncestryDNA has the largest database. When Should I Order the DNA Test? I love finding a good deal, and deals in DNA test kits can be found at both Family Tree DNA and AncestryDNA. Look for sales around the holidays, mid-April near DNA day, and Father’s and Mother’s Day, to name a few. You can always find deals if you attend a genealogy conference and purchase your test there. Why Should I Include DNA Testing As Part of My Genealogical Research? In case you haven’t been convinced yet, here are a few scenarios that demonstrate how useful DNA testing can be in your family history research. Scenario 1 Ancestor dead end: Adam Shaw, born in 1854 in Virginia. Traditional Research Summary: You have found several other Shaws in nearby counties, but you haven’t been able to determine if they are connected to Adam or who Adam’s parents are. Suggested DNA testing route: Find a direct male descendant of Adam to take the 37 marker YDNA test. This will be a living man with the Shaw surname. Possible outcome of testing: You see that your YDNA test matches other Shaws who have tested, including a descendant of a man named Robert Shaw of Virginia. Next Steps: Work with these YDNA matches to see how your lines may connect. Actively recruit direct male descendants of the other Shaw lines that you think you might be connected to and have them take the YDNA test. Scenario 2 Ancestor dead end: Sarah, born in 1874 in Macon County, Georgia. Traditional Research Summary: Sarah married Marvin Belle. Marvin is mentioned in the will of Harold Reynolds, who was his neighbor. You suspect from other research that Sarah was actually the daughter of Harold Reynolds, but you can’t find any documentary evidence. Harold and his wife Margaret had four daughters that you can document. Suggested DNA testing route: Find a direct maternal descendant of both Sarah and at least one of Harold Reynolds’s daughters, and ask them to take the mtDNA full sequence test. Possible outcome of testing: Sarah’s mtDNA does not match the descendant of Harold Reynolds. This might mean that Sarah is not a daughter of Harold, or that if she is, she was not the daughter of his wife, Margaret. Next Steps: You can try testing a descendant of a different daughter of Harold and Margaret, or you can try testing two descendants of Sarah and two descendants of Harold and Margaret (on any line) on the autosomal DNA test to see if you can identify a relationship. Scenario 3 Ancestor dead end: Josephine Randolf, born 1886? in Canada Traditional Research Summary: Josephine is your maternal grandfather’s mother. You and your cousin Mark, also a descendant of Josephine, have been searching in vain for years to find out anything about Josephine’s parentage. Suggested DNA testing route: Have both you and Mark take the autosomal DNA test. Any DNA shared between you and Mark will have come from Josephine and her husband, thus allowing you to target matches who may be related to this line. Possible outcome of testing: You and Mark find four DNA matches who are predicted to be your fourth cousins and who have ancestors in the area of Canada where Josephine lived. Next Steps: You can work with these fourth-cousin matches to try to identify a common ancestor between them that might lead to clues as to who Josephine’s parents were. While there will always be more to learn and discover in the world of DNA testing, you should have what you need now to get started putting your DNA to work for you. |
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FAMILY HISTORY RESEARCH |
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Grandma Mimi's Attitudes towards Money and
Possessions |
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The
community and high school was a mix of Portuguese and Italian farmers,
most living in the areas surrounding the town, plus an Anglo
community, mostly living in what would be considered the city. The
town had one high school, one theater, three churches, a
grocery store and small stores, such as sport shop, hardware,
clothing, and several sandwich shops.
I was working at a sandwich shop called Smithys as a “soda
jerk” taking orders and delivering orders to the tables, during
lunch, after games and on Saturdays, closed Sundays. In addition
to the high school crowd and town people, Smithys was also a Grey
Hound Bus stop. Another
incident also in high school.
I had spent the evening practicing a solo at the home
of my accompanist for an upcoming high school talent show. It
was late and her father kindly offered to drive me home. The
streets were dark with few lights and few sidewalks.
I was very grateful for his offer. As
we walked out the front door, her father asked, “Which Cadillac
would you like me to drive, last years or this years?” The
two cars looked exactly alike to me, dark navy and same outline.
I really did not know why it mattered. I answered with a
question, “Which one are you most comfortable driving?
That would be fine with me.” It was
many years later that I realized, my accompanist's father had
expected me to be excited about driving in the latest newest
Cadillac, and was genuinely surprised that it did not matter to
me. Dear ones, this is not to imply that money is not important. I respect money. I am careful how I use it. Money surely makes life smoother, adds dimensions, better health, more opportunities. But my
efforts have never been shaped or determined by the potential
associated with financial gain, instead, involvement and
dedication has to be based on purpose. . . an
accomplishment, sewing a dress, getting a degree, fixing a car,
writing a poem, painting a portrait. Hopefully you will enjoy the "The Best Things In Life Are Free." Below are the lyrics, links to the sheet music, and with special thanks to Joe Sanchez, who sent three Youtube renditions by well known artists of the 40-50s, Frank Sinatra, Bing Crosby and Kate Smith.
The moon belongs to everyone
The best things in life are free The stars belong to everyone They cling there for you and me
The flowers in spring
The robins that sings The sunbeams that shine They're yours, their mine
And love can come to everyone
the best things in life are free
Colossians 3: 27: And whatsoever ye do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord, Jesus Christ, giving thanks to God and the Father by him. |
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FAMILY HISTORY need not be the great novel of the century.
It is predominantly for the use and benefit of the family of
"here and now" and the family that is "yet to
come". It is to let them know about the family that came before
and the family of here and now. Family history should be as accurate as possible as to the facts known. "Family stories" or legends should be labeled as such until proven otherwise.
Writing is an extension of speaking. A family history can be written
as a narrative with the "writer/speaker" as the narrator,
or it can be from the point of facts only: “... this is what
happened, when it happened and where ... “Not all ancestors left a
wealth of documents, journals
or diaries but all is not lost. The histories of an area can
help fill the blank
spaces.
There are many resources for learning the history of an
area. County histories were
quite prevalent in the late 1800s and early 1900s. They are again becoming a popular pursuit of
various genealogical/historical
societies and individuals. One caution: Many of those early histories were printed by subscription. If you
subscribed, you had an article on your life included in the history
(usually very complimentary). Use the history of an area to flesh out the bare bones of
family history: Who settled the area ... what
group of people? When was the area settled and when did YOUR
ancestors arrive? Where did they come from ... what was the ethnic background of the area?
What was the predominant financial basis of the community:
Agriculture, mining or manufacturing? Why did they come? People relocated for three major reasons: Politics, finances or religion. People usually moved in groups or to join other
family members, friends or others of the same political and/or
religious persuasions. Many
histories are from oral interviews which is a useful history collecting tool for family histories, too. Do not lose the valuable resource of your
older family member's memories. If taping an interview, try to have
it one-on-one to avoid the
confusion of several people answering
or excessive back-ground noise.
Write down some
questions to illicit
specific responses.
DO NOT tape without permission, but DO save the tapes for the family archives. The same questions of an in-person
interview
can be asked
in a letter, allowing a person to respond through a letter or a tape recording. Similar questions can be asked of an historical organization. The Historiograph (developed by Carlton Smith) provides many historical facts that will fill the void in world history. It is a useful tool in placing an ancestor into a historical time-frame. The Historiograph is now available on a computer program. I do not know if it is still available in paper form. Arrange your historical notes from your research on the computer or word processor before typing the history. For the non-computer
user, put your facts on cards that can be arranged
into a workable
system as to family lines or chronologically ... whatever system works
for you is always a good system.
When writing
the family history, decide on a reasonable starting point as to known
ancestors in a known place and time. Be as factual as possible ... don't invent information. Not all male ancestors were tall
dark and handsome
men; and the ladies were not all small, delicate, blond (auburn/red
hair) and beautiful. Familial characteristics are inherited. Use books on the lives of people of that time period and place to
develop a possible life styl e for the time and pl ace of your
ancestors. Books, such as the "Little House" books written by Laura Ingalls Wilder are
detailed descriptions of her life at various places during the settling of the mid-west.
Another source of early American life are the books by Eric Sloane who
details living in the early American colonies through the use
of tools, housing, production of life's necessities and the various agriculture and
manufacture processes.
All of his books are beautifully and accurately illustrated. Still
other resources are
magazine publications dedicated
to specific historical time periods, areas, and wars, such as, Early American Life, Civil War, etc. Even the Arizona Highways has
useful historical articles on the life and times of the cowboys and
Indians, the outlaw, the
miner, the freighter and the school teacher of early times in that
area. City Directories are invaluable in piecing together historical facts as to a place and time. The term
"City Directory"
can be a misnomer. Some directories were for an entire area of business influence. Joining historical
societies for the area of your research can be most informative and productive. The
member
receives specific services,
but Inay receive additional help as a
The most important advice is that you do begin. It is necessary to start somewhere and
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(SALT LAKE CITY, UT 1 January 2017)--Maybe your New Year’s resolution is to write your personal history to share with your family and leave for future generations. The task, however, can seem daunting. Where do you start? FamilySearch can help with its #52Stories project. Each week in 2017, FamilySearch, the world’s largest genealogical organization, will publish topic questions designed to trigger your memories. You just need to focus on the topic and write a response. It doesn’t matter if you write a few paragraphs, a single page, or several pages. You can write in a journal or in a document on your computer, or you can make a video or audio recording. When 2017 concludes, you will have 52 stories about your life to enhance your personal history. “This 2017 personal history challenge, called the #52Stories project, is an expanded version of a similar, very successful challenge offered by FamilySearch four years ago,” said Wendy Smedley, FamilySearch project manager for social media. “This year, however, instead of having a list of only 52 questions, the writer can choose his or her 52 questions from a list of 144 questions.” You don’t have to look far for a great series of memory triggers. The #52Stories Project has divided the year into 12 themes, from “Goals & Achievements” to “Education & School” to “Holidays & Traditions,” providing 12 different questions for each theme. That’s a total of 144 questions, giving you plenty of options to choose from as you build your library of #52stories. The questions are available for download in fun, colorful themed pages, and you’ll also see a different question highlighted each week on Instagram (@FamilySearch) and the FamilySearch Facebook Page. January’s theme is goals and achievements. Sample questions include:
Your 52 stories, or your ancestors’ stories, can also be shared for free in a FamilySearch Memories profile, preserving these stories for future posterity. FamilySearch will not make these stories public while the person is living but will make them available for future generations after the person is deceased. New York Times bestselling author Bruce Feiler and faith leaders such as President Spencer W. Kimball of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints have emphasized that recording and sharing glimpses of your life and your ancestors’ lives is an invaluable aspect of building strong families. Family stories are a great gift that helps build individual identity in children and children’s children. These stories allow you to preserve and share the story of your life and your ancestors’ lives, your triumphs over adversity, your recovery after a fall, your progress when all seemed bleak, and your rejoicing when you finally achieved your goals. Find or share this news release online in the FamilySearch Media Room.
FamilySearch, 50 East North Temple St, Salt Lake
City, Utah 84150 United States
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| SALT LAKE CITY, UT—FamilySearch added new historic records this week for Brazil, England, Ireland, Namibia, Peru, and the United States. Significant records were added to the Ireland (Valuation Office Books 1831-1856) and Freedmen's Bureau (1865-1872) collections. Search these new records, free at FamilySearch. org. | ||
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| Searchable historic records
are made available on FamilySearch.org through the help of thousands of
volunteers from around the world. These volunteers transcribe (index)
information from digital copies of handwritten records to make them
easily searchable online. More volunteers are needed (particularly those
who can read foreign languages) to keep pace with the large number of
digital images being published online at FamilySearch.org. Learn more
about volunteering to help provide free access to the world's historic
genealogical records: FamilySearch.org/indexing. |
FamilySearch is the largest
genealogy organization in the world. FamilySearch is a nonprofit,
volunteer-driven organization sponsored by The Church of Jesus Christ of
Latter-day Saints. Millions of people use FamilySearch records,
resources, and services to learn more about their family history. To
help in this great pursuit, FamilySearch and its predecessors have been
actively gathering, preserving, and sharing genealogical records
worldwide for over 100 years. Patrons, access FamilySearch services and
resources for free at FamilySearch.org or through more than 4,921 family
history centers in 129 countries, including the main Family History
Library in Salt Lake City, Utah. |
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FamilySearch, 50 East North Temple St, Salt Lake City, Utah 84150 United States |
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December
22: SALT LAKE CITY, UT—
New historic church records were published online this
week from Bolivia, Ecuador, and England, along with cemetery,
census, civil registration, and probate records from Africa, South
America, and France. Explore the complete interactive list of new
records at FamilySearch. |
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SHHAR, January 14: Richard McFarlane DNA : "Now that I have the DNA test what do I do with it? Santa Ana high school students earn a Seal of Bi-literacy Zeke Hernandez, new Rancho Santiago Community College District Latino Trustee Centered on the Center Art, Opening reception, January 28 |
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| Come join us at the January 14, 2017 monthly meeting of the Society Of Hispanic Historical & Ancestral Research (SHHAR) featuring speaker Dick McFarlane who will make a presentation on DNA : "Now that I have the DNA test what do I do with it? Richard (Dick) McFarlane is a former Director of the Orange County Family Search Library of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter- Saints Church, located in Orange, California. He holds a BA in Industrial Psychology from the University of Utah and a Masters in Human Resources and Organizational Development from the University of San Francisco. His professional career included 24 years with Pacific Bell and AT &T, ten years in the United States Marine Corps and eight as human resources consultant. Dick has had a lifelong interest in genealogy with a special interest in DNA to expand research opportunities and has contributed significant research to his family tree. He is married to the former Kathleen Young of Orange. The free presentation will take place at the Orange Family History Center, 674 S. Yorba St., Orange. Volunteers will provide research assistance from 9 -10 a.m., and McFarlane will speak from 10:15 -11:30 a.m. For information, contact Letty Rodella at lettyr@sbcglobal.net. Sent by Tom Saenz saenztomas@sbcglobal.net |
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Last week, 1,013 seniors earned the mark
that shows language proficiency. A
record number of Santa Ana high school students graduated last week
with a Seal of Bi-literacy, a glowing badge of their fluency in
English and at least one other language. J During graduation
ceremonies held Tuesday through Thursday, 1,013 seniors received
state-issued seals affixed on their diplomas - an increase of124
students from the previous year, according to the Santa Ana Unified
School District. "It's a very prestigious seal that they
have bestowed, a very proud moment," said school district
spokeswoman Deidra Powell. To earn the seal, seniors were required to be
"proficient" or "advanced" in English; have a GPA
of 2.0 or better; take a foreign language Advanced Placement exam and
an SAT II foreign language subject test; and study a foreign language
for four years or take a school district-approved foreign language
exam. Proficiency in Spanish was the most common,
followed by French. The district also offers Vietnamese and German
classes. SAUSD, the largest school district in Orange County and the
seventh largest in California, has a student body that is 96 percent
Latino. About 60 percent of students are English learners, with
Spanish, Vietnamese and Khmer the most common languages spoken at
home. The school district embraces students' ability to be
bi-literate, Powell said. "They speak different languages at home
with their families, and then when they come to school, they speak
English, so it's using both languages all the time," she said.
"We encourage that. We think it's an asset." |
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CONGRATULATION TO ZEKE HERNANDEZ, NEW TRUSTEE FOR |
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LULAC
Members
and
Community
Friends
were
invited
to
the
Swearing
In
Ceremony
for
the
Returning
Trustees
and
Zeke
Hernandez
as
a
new
Trustee
of
the
Rancho
Santiago
Community
College
District.
Oaths
of
Office
were
administered
Dec 12, 2016 by:
~
OC
District
Attorney
Tony
Rackauckas
to
Trustee
Claudia
Alvarez
~
Orange
City
Mayor
Teresa
"Tita"
Smith
to
Trustee
Arianna
Barrios
~
SAUSD
Board
President
John
Palacio
to
Trustee
Zeke
Hernandez
~
OC
Superior
Court
Judge
Salvador
Sarmiento
to
Trustee
Nelida
Mendoza
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There was a reception after the Swearing In Ceremony and this
will be followed by the
Board reconvening , then selecting Board
officers and committee assignments - continuing with the Board
business agenda.
Zeke
dedicated the program and his term
of office to our Good Lord, Our Lady of Guadalupe and our dear
friend Amin David (his birthday is
December 12).
To
contact
Zeke
you
may
call
Anita
Lucarelli,
Board
Executive
Assistant
at
714-480-7450
..
or
Zeke
Hernandez
at
714-581-1549
(cell).
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Centered
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Cathedral City celebrates anniversary with giant balloons and jazz
by Chris Foster, Visit the Getty Center's Family Room |
(Photo: Murray Ross/Special to The Desert Sun) |
Cathedral City |
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Cathedral City just celebrated its 35th anniversary with a big gala dinner and jazz concert. "What?" you ask. "Cathedral City is only 35 years old?" Well, actually its history dates back nearly 100 years, but more on that later. This year's anniversary celebration coincided with Cathedral City's annual Hot Air Balloon Festival, making the gala all the more fun and festive. The evening's activities were held on the plaza space just in front of the Civic Center. The buildings, fountains and trees were all twinkling and awash in ever changing colors. A big stage with live music anchored one end of the plaza while a reception space with cocktail tables and floral arrangements was at the other end. In the middle was a beautifully decorated dinner setting. Adding to the dramatic backdrop were dozens of multi-colored hot air balloons firing up their burners against the night sky and creating an ethereal spectacle on the grassy lawn adjacent to the reception and dinner plaza. The 200 paying guests at the reception were a virtual "who's who" of prominent Cathedral City government, business and non-profit leaders, both current and past. It was a unique opportunity for everyone to reconnect with old friends and meet new ones. Jazz music by Yve Evans played in the background as hors d'oeuvres were passed.
The Unveiling
A surprise performance
Did you know? In case you're still wondering why Cathedral City is only 35 years old, here's some interesting information: Its first subdivision was developed in 1925. The subdivision was named "Cathedral City" after the name explorers in 1850 gave it in reference to the majestic mountainous landscape. Over the years, the one subdivision became two, then many followed.
Honored during the gala were Dick Shalhoub; Leslie,Gary, and Lilo Klein, Scott Robinson, former Mayors Kathy DeRosa and George Stettler, Former Councilmembers Sarah DiGrandi and Robert Gomer, Chamber of Commerce President Todd Hooks, past Chamber Presidents Roger Culbertson, Allen Olsen, Larry Davis, Andy Jessup, George Stettler, and Valerie Ward. |
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| Visit the
Getty Center's Family Room Open Daily except Mondays Location: Getty Center, Museum Courtyard, by the East Pavilion Admission: Free; no reservations required. |
 Decorate a book page in the drawings and manuscripts cove (top); join the cast of a 19th-century painting in the paintings cove (middle); explore lenses and mirrors in the photographs cove (bottom).Learn and play with your kids in the Getty Center's Family Room. Featuring five activity coves and treasure-hunt walls that surround the room, it's bursting with cool things to see and do. Draw, Build, Play Decorate a giant illuminated manuscript with your own designs. Build a tube sculpture, take your place in a parade scene in a painting, or play with camera lenses and a wall of mirrors. Tired? Relax and read on a luxurious bed just like an 18th-century French aristocrat. Hunt for Art Treasure Gaze through nearly 70 peepholes on the treasure-hunt walls to see interesting details from works of art in the Getty Museum's collection. You and your kids will enjoy roaming the galleries afterward to find the art you've spied through the peepholes. Information in the Family Room is offered in English and Spanish. Go online and See Tips for Families for more information on family visits to the Getty Center and the Getty Villa. How to Get Here: The Getty Center is located at 1200 Getty Center Drive in Los Angeles, California, approximately 12 miles northwest of downtown Los Angeles. See Hours, Directions, Parking for maps and driving directions. |
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January 4: Campito Kids by Antonio deLoera-Brust
January 28: Researching Your Hispanic Ancestors, a Mini-Seminar by Letty Rodella Carmen Flores Recreation Center, Oakland Carmen Flores brought Gilda Gonzalez CEO: Spanish Speaking Unity Council into Political Arena Heritage Museum of OC Receives Cal Grant to continue their Bilingual Constitution Project Juan Caldera Gains Colton Sports Hall of Fame entertainment entrepreneur one hundred years ago Rosalia Salinas: (Part 1)The Education of an Educator by Maria E. Garcia Rosalia Salinas: (Part 2) Bilingual Education Advocate, Educator, Leader by Maria E. Garcia |
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January 4th, 2017 |
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Artist Ana Guadalupe Aviles shares a little bit about
the painting:
I had extensive conversations with family members, as I wanted to make sure I capture the spirit of the family. I wanted to capture the strong, loving, happy essence of the family. This is a picture of Carmen when she was younger
(Mia's favorite picture). Purple was Carmen Flores favorite color
(purple reboso). The three flowers (Hibiscus,
Orchid and Tulip) represents Twinkie, Nancy and Mia (the three
daughters). And of course the two well known Timbaleros of the
Fruitvale community in the background, on percussions.
The Carmen Flores Recreation Center is located in the heart of Oakland’s
Fruitvale district. Diverse recreational programs are offered at low
cost for tiny tots, youth, teens, adults and seniors. The center and
park feature an industrial sized kitchen, multipurpose room, fully
equipped computer lab and an artificial multipurpose field. Current
renovations to the park include full basketball court, new entry way,
a track, lighting, and landscaping which was completed in Fall 2011.
We have a team of bilingual staff and a friendly atmosphere. Our
programs are designed to expose our community to new activities that
help participants find their passion in life. Oakland is our
playground, so Come Out and Play the OPR Way! Carmen Flores Recreation Center at Josie de la Cruz
Park
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Altared Plans: Fruitvale's traditional Day of the Dead has a new look this year. |
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Something for the living, as well: Gilda Gonzalez |
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Hello all,
See
the message below. We applied and received the Cal Humanities
Quick Grant for our Bilingual Constitution program we are doing
with the Santa Ana Unified School District. It will be a fun
engaging series of programs for our community.
Best,
Kevin
Cabrera
Executive Director
Heritage Museum of
Orange County
3101 W Harvard St
Santa Ana, CA 92704
714 540-0404 ext 224
HeritageMuseumOC.org
Our
Mission: The Heritage Museum of Orange County is a cultural and
natural history center dedicated to preserving, promoting and
restoring the heritage of Orange County and the surrounding
region through quality hands-on educational programs for
students and visitors of all ages.
From: Erin Menne [mailto:emenne@calhum.org] Sent: Thursday, December 08, 2016 5:54 PM To: Kevin Cabrera Subject: California Humanities Grant Award Notification
Grant Number: HFAQ16-34
Dear Mr. Kevin Cabrera,
Congratulations! We are pleased to inform you
that California Humanities has awarded a HFA Quick Grant grant for
"Understanding and Learning Our History: California's
Bilingual Constitution." Please find your official award
letter and grant agreement attached.
Erin Menne
Associate Program Officer
California Humanities
538 9th St., Suite 210 Oakland, CA 94607-3980
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Whereas the people of California have presented a constitution and asked admission into the Union, which constitution was submitted to Congress by the President of the United States, by message dated February thirteenth, eighteen hundred and fifty, and which, on due examination, is found to be republican in its form of government. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives in Congress assembled, that the State of California shall be one, and is hereby declared to be one, of the United States of America, and admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original States in all respects whatever. Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That until the representatives in Congress shall be appointed according to an annual enumeration of the inhabitants of the United States, the State of California shall be entitled to two representatives in Congress. Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the said State of California is admitted into the Union upon the express condition that the people of said State, through their Legislature or otherwise, shall never interfere with the primary disposal of the public lands within its limits, and shall pass no law and do no act whereby the title of the United States to, and right to dispose of, the same shall be impaired or questioned; and that they shall never lay any tax or assessment of any description whatsoever upon the public domain of the United States, and in no case shall non-resident proprietors, who are citizens of the United States, be taxed higher than residents; and that all the navigable waters within the said State shall be common highways, and forever free, as well to the inhabitants of said State as to the citizens of the United States, without any tax, impost, or duty therefor. Provided, That nothing herein contained shall be construed as recognizing or rejecting the propositions tendered by the people of California as articles of compact in the ordinance adopted by the convention which formed the constitution of that State. . The text here printed is taken from Volume 9, Statutes at Large, Page 452. An Act for the Admission of California Into the Union, Approved September 9, 1850 The following provision appears in an act approved September 28, 1850, Volume 9 Statutes at Large, Page 521. "That all the laws of the United States which are not locally inapplicable shall have the same force and effect within the said State of California as elsewhere within the United States. " County of Orange UCI / LOS AMIGOS SESQUICENTENNIAL SYMPOSIUM On the motion of Chairman Charles V. Smith, the following Resolution was adopted by the Orange County Board of Supervisors: WHEREAS, forty-eight elected delegates gathered in Monterey at a convention from September I through October 13, 1849, to draft and sign the "Birth Certificate of American California, " our Original State Constitution; and WHEREAS, California voters ratified their basic charter I2,872-8Il in elections held November 13, a century and a half ago; and WHEREAS, Las Amigos of Orange County launched project 150 in December, 1998, to call attention to the Sesquicentennial of American California's history; and WHEREAS, Project 150 is endorsed by the Orange County Human Relations Commission for raising awareness of the significant contributions that people of all walks of life have contributed throughout California's history; and WHEREAS, Project 150 has been developed by Mimi Lozano Holtzman of Westminster, Galal Kernahan of Laguna Woods and Maria del Carmen Moreno of La Habra who began a search for living descendants of California's Constitutional Forefathers; the establishment of informative web pages and the collection of Sesquicentennial Thanksgiving Affirmations of gratitude for the blessings of our State; and WHEREAS, the University of California, Irvine, in cooperation with Los Amigos of Orange County, is providing a culminating Project 150 Cross-Cultural Center Sesquicentennial Symposium of distinguished historians, Saturday, November 13,1999; NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED that the Orange County Board of Supervisors congratulate and commend all the participants from Los Amigos of Orange County, the University of California, Irvine, and community members who subscribe to the Project 150 conviction: "CALlFORNIANS BUILT THEIR STATE TOGETHER, ALWAYS HAVE, ALWAYS WILL ", and join others in making Sesquicentennial Thanksgiving Affirmations of gratitude for all that Californians have accomplished in our state's first 150 years. November 13, 1999 Charles V. Smith Chairman of the Board of Supervisors Supervisor, First District |
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| Rumors of Juan Caldera’s
friendships with the Earp family and Pancho Villa once filled the Colton
air. For certain, his vast business savvy and charitable nature brought
him into negotiations with leading administrators of the era. After one hundred years since Juan Caldera made his first contributions in Colton, he will be finally inducted into its Sports Hall of Fame in 2017. Caldera came to Colton at 15 with his family from the town of Jerez in Zacatecas, Mexico in 1907. By the time Caldera was 30, he saved enough money working at the Portland Cement Plant and at the family Caldera Market, that he could begin putting into action his master plan. Public records show Caldera buying land in South Colton to build the region’s first outdoor/indoor sports complex. It took four years but he finally completed his stadium, known as the International Stadium. Reports show he managed and owned the Colton Cubs baseball team and had it ready to compete at the independent Double-A pro level by the 1928 season. He was one of the first owners in the nation to thoroughly integrate a sports team. Articles in the Riverside Daily Press and San Bernardino Sun-Telegram describe Caldera as a businessman with the ability to negotiate across demographic lines. |
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William Caldera explained that his grandfather’s
ultimate goal was to help make a better life in Colton for those of
Mexican heritage. With that in mind, the elder Caldera also purchased
enough land to build a park and swimming pool for those of in the “Mexican
Colony” of South Colton. William Caldera and his cousin Augie Caldera
both told of an era of strictly enforced, segregated Colton. “Mexican
people were not allowed to swim in the Colton Plunge except on Friday’s,”
said Augie Caldera. |
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| While mention of Caldera’s friendship with the Earp family cannot be verified, several eyewitness accounts do place him in association with General Pancho Villa in Colton around 1920. Both Augie Caldera and William Caldera remember family members telling them that Juan Caldera hosted Villa and also visited him in Chihuahua, Mexico. “My grandfather once had the car Pancho Villa was shot and killed in but it ended up back in Mexico,” said Augie Caldera. | ||
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| Records show that Juan Caldera
and his father, Don Apolonio Caldera were Colton’s first presidents of
the newly formed Mexican Chamber of Commerce in 1928. William Caldera
said his grandfather produced the only bullfights held in America. “Along
with baseball, he promoted motorcycle races, boxing and wrestling.”
One legal notice showed that Caldera enlisted in the U.S. Army during
World War I. Colton historian Mel Salazar noted that Juan Caldera also owned dance halls, night clubs, and a gas station in Redlands. “He was way ahead of his time as a businessman,” said Salazar. “His dad helped him out at the beginning and by 1932, he was worth $100,000 which would equal about $5 million today. He was “the go to guy” in South Colton because there was no one else to represent the residents. It was during the depression and it was very bad. He was known as the Godfather, in a good way.” |
Salazar acknowledged the time
was way overdo for Juan Caldera’s HOF induction. It was Salazar who
presented Caldera’s name before the Colton City Council at its Nov. 16
meeting. Caldera and former Colton HS football coach Don Markham will be
formally enshrined in early April 2017. “What really made Caldera such
an important person was the fact that he gave back to the community,”
said Salazar. “He was always the largest donor to the Colton Welfare
Fund. If he couldn’t get what people wanted, he would build it.” William and Augie Caldera said giving has been a family tradition for 95 years. The Caldera’s upheld those rites until the very last of their families businesses was sold in September. Known as Club Trinidad in San Bernardino, it was where the Caldera’s provided all-you-can-eat free menudo every morning until the practice was stopped five years ago. |
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| “That’s what I was always told about
my grandpa,” said Augie Caldera. “He was the voice for those of
South Colton at a time when they had no voice.”
Photo/Augie Caldera Photo of one of Juan Caldera's
1930's baseball teams before a game at old Santa Fe Baseball Park
adjacent to San Bernardino train station. Caldera pictured in center
with hat. |
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Rosalia
Salinas: The Education of an Educator Part I: From Laredo Texas to San Diego
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| Rosalia describes herself as lucky. She grew up in Laredo, Texas, the daughter of hardworking parents. She says her father Octavio was the hardest working man she has ever met. Her mother Alicia, who loved music and sincerely enjoyed meeting people, had an anything is possible attitude. Ocatvio was born in Mexico and Alicia was born in Michigan to a mother who had also been born in the United States. Rosalia's mother faced tremendous economic challenges. Her maternal grandfather Celestino left Texas before 1920 and moved to Detroit Michigan in search of a better livelihood. Celestino was born in Saltillo, and while living in Texas, worked as a shoe repair man. When the word spread all over the country that the Ford Motor company was hiring, Celestino, like many other Mexicanos, moved north in search of a better life. [Read more...] |
Maria Garcia is a retired school principal and has been an activist in the Chicano movement since 1968. She is the recipient of the 2015 SOHO Cultural Heritage Award for her Neighborhood House series and was designated as one of six Women of the Year (2015) by State Senator Ben Hueso for her historical preservation of life in Logan Heights. She is an inductee in the San Diego County Women's Hall of Fame 2016. Maria is also a member of the Latino Baseball History Project Advisory Board and the San Diego City Schools Latino Advisory Board. Maria received a Society of Professional Journalists, San Diego Chapter 2016 Journalism award and hosts a weekly talk show, Vecinos on
WSRadio.com.|
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Sent by Dorinda Moreno pueblosenmovimientonorte@gmail.com |
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At one of the lowest periods in the state of California, Proposition 227 was passed in June of 1998. Proposition 227, sponsored by Ron
Unz, required that California public schools teach English Language Learners (ELL) students almost totally in English. The ultimate effect was that it eliminated bilingual education. As a result of 227, a group called Californians Together was formed. The members of Californians Together were from all over the state of California and represented various organizations. Laurie Olsen and Rosalia co-chaired that committee. One of their major duties was to review legislation that would affect ELL students.
Rosalia has served as president of CABE (California Association for Bilingual Education). It was under her leadership and with the help of many members that the first CABE conference was held in San Diego. She worked diligently to give parents a voice in
CABE. She says parents have their biggest investment in the educational process and should be listened to. In recognition of her work with parents, the parent room found at CABE Conferences has been named in her honor. Known as the Rosalia Salinas Parent Room, it moves to the various locations where the conference is held. |
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NORTHWESTERN UNITED STATES |
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ATTENTION:
HISTORICAL ANNOUNCEMENT |
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San Clemente Grant, New Mexico Where are your people from? by Eduardo Rosenstock Arechabala Alcantar Former captives settle frontier villages by Art Latham (New Mexico magazine, 1995) Presidio San Agustin del Tucson |
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1900, Guadalupe County, Texas
Antonio Candelaria, Sr. and his wife, Teresa de Jesus Veracruz and their
children: Girls on left are: eldest, Virginia (married Francisco Garibay);
2nd, Teresa (married Enrique Flores), 3rd: Juanita (married Juan Jose
Flores). Boys on right are eldest: Leonoardo (married Elena Cantu); 2nd
Pedro (married Victoria Plata) and 3rd, Antonio, Jr. (married Felipa
Plata).
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My great-grandfather Antoio Candelaria and wife
Teresita de Jesus Veracruz lived in San Marcos, Texas in
1900. He had plans to claim his inheritance in New Mexico, but
because of bad weather and his pregnant wife's condition, he kept
postponing the trip until it was too late. His wife died and he
never made the necessary trip to claim his inheritance.
Antonio Candelaria, Jr. is my grandfather.
Antonio and Pedro are brothers who married sisters: Victoria and Felipa
Plata. Genealogy is full of fabulous family history!! Not
shown, but in her mother's belly is Miquela Candelaria, who marries Luis
Saldivar. I thought other Candelaria
families might be interested in this information.
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San Clemente Grant, New Mexicoby J. J. Bowden
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Ana de Sandoval y Manzanares petitioned Governor Felix Martinez asking for a grant covering the tract of land known as San Clemente, which was bounded: On the north, by the lands of Cristobal de Tapia; on the east, by the Rio Grande; on the south, by the lands and walls of the house of Tome Dominguez; and on the west, by the Rio Puerco. In support of her request, she called the governor’s attention to the fact that her father, Mateo de Sandoval y Manzanares, owned the tract prior to the expulsion of the Spaniards from New Mexico during the Pueblo Revolt of 1600, and that Governor Diego de Vargas had promised to regrant all native New Mexicans who returned with him in 1692, the lands which they had held prior to the insurrection. Continuing, she stated that after her return to New Mexico she had suffered a great many hardships and, being a poor widow burdened with many children, she felt justified in seeking a regrant of the tract, which she had inherited from her father. Martinez recognized the justness of the request and granted the tract to her on July 13, 1716 subject to the conditions that the grant would not prejudice the rights of any third person and that she settle upon the premises within six months. He also directed the Alcalde of the Villa of Albuquerque, Antonio Gutierrez, to place her in royal possession of the land. Ten days later, Gutierrez in compliance with the governor’s decree went to the grant and delivered possession of the property to Felix de la Candelaria in the name of his mother in accordance with the accustomed ceremonies prescribed by the Spanish law. Gutierrez designated the following natural objects as boundaries of the grant: On the north, by a ruin that is a little above the Pueblo of San Clemente; on the east, by the Rio Grande; on the south, by the house of Tome Dominguez; and on the west, by the Rio Puerco.[1] Ana de Sandoval y Manzanares settled upon the grant within six months and, thereafter, she or her heirs and assigns occupied and used the land and ware in peaceable possession thereof at the time the United States acquired jurisdiction over New Mexico. Ana’s heirs filed[2] the grant papers in the Surveyor General’s office on May 30, 1855 and it was placed on his docket, but, for some unknown reason, was not acted upon as was the general rule in connection with the early claims. On December 8, 1870, J. Bonifacio Chaves, for himself as one of Mariano Chaves’ heirs and also as attorney for his other heirs and the residents of the towns of Los Lunas, Los Lentes, Peralta and Valencia, petitioned[3] Surveyor General T. Rush Spencer seeking the confirmation of the grant to Ana’s legal representatives. Chaves alleged that the eastern boundary of the grant was the “old bed of the Rio Grande which was from 3/1/2 to 4 miles east of its 1872 location. He estimated that the grant contained 90,060 acres. No evidence was introduced to sustain his allegations that the grant had been timely settled and continuously occupied or connecting the claimants to the original grantee. By decision[4] dated November 18, 1871 Spencer found that the grant appeared to be genuine and complete. Continuing, he stated: The only condition it imposes is believed to have been fulfilled in the execution of the Act of Possession within the six months prescribed and required, whereby the title in the grantee became unconditional and absolute. It is a well known fact that this tract has been occupied and extensively cultivated from an early period in the history of the territory. A number of small towns have existed upon it for very many years, and it is believed that there are at least three thousand inhabitants upon the grant.… The grant in this case being held by this office to have been made by competent authority, and to he absolute and complete, the same is hereby approved to the legal representatives of Ana de Sandoval y Manzanares, as a good and valid grant under the laws, usages of Spain and Mexico, … and the case is hereby transmitted far the action of Congress in the premises. The inhabitants of the Town of Los Lunas filed an amended petition[5] on January 6, 1872 in which they advised Spencer that the petition and map which they had filed in the case was erroneous as to the tracts and boundaries of the grant in that: (1) the north boundary was too far north and thus included the Antonio Gutierrez Grant; (2) the south boundary was too far south and thus included the Nicolas Duran de Chaves Grant; and (3) the east boundary was erroneous in that it covered lands east of the river. They asserted that the grant was only four miles from north to south and sixteen miles from east to west. In closing, they requested leave to correct and amend their petition accordingly. Notwithstanding the amendment of the petition by a portion of the claimants, a preliminary survey of the grant was made by Deputy Surveyors Sawyer & White in the spring of 1878 for 89,403.40 acres.[6] Their survey included the tract of land lying east of the river known as the Bosque de Pines and the Joaquin Sedillo and Antonio Gutierrez Grants. The inhabitants of the Pueblo of Isleta protested the approval of the survey on the ground that it included all of the Antonio Gutierrez Grant under which they claimed the greater portion. Surveyor General Henry M. Atkinson disregarded the amendment and protest and approved the survey on August 7, 1878.[7] A bill providing for the confirmation of the San Clemente Grant was introduced in the House of Representatives during the first session of the 47th Congress. The bill was referred to the House’s Committee on Private Land Claims which recommended its passage on June 20, 1882.[8] A similar recommendation was made by the same Committee on a like bill on January 27, 1886.[9] Notwithstanding the Committee’s favorable reports, no action was taken thereon by Congress. Since the claim was still pending before Congress when he took office, it was one of the grants which was re-examined by Surveyor General George W. Julian pursuant to Commissioner William A. J. Sparks’ instructions[10] dated December 11, 1885. By Supplemental Opinion[11] dated November 5, 1886, Julian held that, although he believed that the grant papers were genuine, there were other considerations in the case. Continuing, he pointed out: There is no evidence of any right or title in the claimants to the tract described. They show no chain of title through which they derive any authority to ask the confirmation of the grant, and their unsupported averment of ownership cannot be received. The claim could only be confirmed by Congress to the heirs and legal representatives of the grantee, and as there are some thousands of residents end occupants of the tract they might thus be dispossessed of rights which otherwise they would be able to assert by occupancy and prescript on or under the laws of the United States. But if the title of the present claimants had been shown, I could not recommend the confirmation of the claim, because the grant was made on the express condition that the grantee should settle the land within six months. There is no evidence that this was done. The delivery of juridical possession does not prove a compliance with this condition, and it is not to be presumed in the absence of proof. For the reasons stated, I recommend the rejection of this claim by Congress. The inhabitants of the several towns named on the petition and the alleged representatives of the grantee are not without their remedy under their long continued and peaceable possession of the lands actually occupied by them; but that remedy cannot properly be sought through this office as founded on this grant and the facts shown in connection therewith. I therefore recommend the rejection of the claim by Congress. Under the Act of March 3, 1891,[12] Congress established a Court of Private Land Claims, a judicial tribunal with jurisdiction over the adjustment and, confirmation of perfect and imperfect grants issued by the governments of Spain and Mexico situated in the Southwest and which previously had not been acted upon by Congress or other lawful authority. On January 21, 1893 J. Francisco Chaves, one of the legal representatives of the original grantee, filed a petition[13] in that court seeking the confirmation of the San Clemente Grant. Since the grant papers were genuine and the grant being indisputable, the trial of the cause was directed to the ascertainment of the north boundary, the other boundaries being well established objects whose locations afforded no ground for controversy. Chavez contended that the north boundary was at or near the south extremity of the Pueblo of Isleta Grant while the government asserted that it was located at the old pueblo of San Clemente, which was situated about five hundred yards south of the church at the present settlement of Los Lentes. Chavez, in his counter argument agreed that the line should be fixed as an east west line running through the old Pueblo of San Clemente, but argued that the old pueblo was located three or four miles further north. Thus the issue finally was joined upon the location of this pueblo. The question assumed very considerable importance from the fact that the strip of land lying between the two points included some of the richest agricultural lands in the Rio Grande Valley. A large amount of oral evidence was presented by Chavez in an effort to sustain his position. A considerable amount of documentary evidence was also presented by Chavez for the purpose of connecting himself with the original grantee and for the further purpose of showing that the parties de-raigning title from the original grantee had for many years claimed and possessed land within the limits alleged by the government to be beyond the boundaries of the grant, thus raising a presumption that the government’s contention as to the northern boundary was erroneous. The government, in turn, introduced the testimony of a number of aged Indians from the Pueblo of Isleta showing that the ruins of the Pueblo of San Clemente was southeast of the church of Los Lentes at a place abundantly marked by broken pottery, skeletons and other remains indicative of the former abode of a considerable settlement of Indians. In addition, a number of archives were introduced Showing that the Joaquin Sedillo and Antonio Gutierrez Grants were located between the old ruins of San Clemente on the south and the Pueblo of Isleta on the north; thus, clearly negating the theory that the grant extended as far north as the Isleta lands. The government, in its closing argument of the case, contended that (1) the grant did not extend above the ruins of the Pueblo of San Clemente the location of which had been established by the preponderance of the evidence to be south of Los Lentes, and (2) the cause should be dismissed since the plaintiff had failed to connect himself with the grant, it having been shown on his cross-examination that the land in which he claimed an interest was entirely north of Los Lentes. The Court, in an oral opinion dated August 19, 1896, sustained the government in both of its contentions and held that upon the pleadings and proof, as they then stood, the petition should be dismissed. Thereupon, Salomon Luna, who claimed an interest in the grant by inheritance, filed a petition setting up the fact that the suit was originally instituted by Chavez, not only for his own interest but for the benefit of all others interested in the grant, and praying that he be permitted to intervene as a co-petitioner upon the understanding that the case should stand upon the proofs and arguments theretofore presented up to the Court. The Court granted the request. Luna’s interest in the grant appeared from proof of a line of ancestry running back to the original grantee. On September 4, 1896, the Court entered a decree[14] confirming the grant to the heirs and legal representatives of the original grantee but fixing the north boundary at the north limits of the settlement of Los Lentes, or about three quarters of a mile north of Los Lentes. The Court held that the words of the Act of Possession, “On the north, by a ruin that is a little above the Pueblo of San Clemente,” fixed the north boundary above that pueblo at the point where the Lands of the inhabitants of Los Lentes begins on the north. The government’s attorney, in his report[15] to the Attorney General on the results of the case, stated: While I am inclined to believe that under the proof, the north boundary as fixed by the decree of the Court is nearly a mile too far north, still the strip of land is thickly populated by a people who have for a century been cultivating end living upon the land. This confirmation will inure to their benefit and will simply preserve them in possession of rights which they have claimed and enjoyed for a century. In view of these equities end the ambiguous language of the granting papers, and in view of the further fact that the decree as entered is, * * * on the whole, a substantial victory for the government, I recommend that no appeal be taken. Once the decision became final, a contract was awarded to Deputy Surveyor John H. Walker to survey the grant. The survey was made in November 1898, and showed that the grant, as confirmed, contained 37,099.29 acres. A patent for such land was issued on November 15, 1909.[16] [1] H. Exec. Doc. No. 128, 42d Cong., 3d Sess., 31‑32 (1873). [2] The San Clemente Grant, No. F‑3 (Mss., Records of the S.G.N.M.). [3] The San Clemente Grant, No. 67 (Mss., Records of the S.G.N.M.). [4] H. R. Exec. Doc. No. 128, 42d Cong., 3d Sess. 33 (1873). [5] The San Cristobal Grant, No. 67 (Mss., Records of the S.G.N.M.). [6] Ibid. [7] Ibid. [8] H.R. Report No. 1500, 47th Cong., 1st Sess.,1 (1882). [9] H.R. Report No. 184, 49th Cong., 1st Sess., 1 (1886). [10] S. Exec. Doc. No. 113, 49th Cong., 2d Sess.,2 (1887). [11] S. Exec. Doc. No. 6, 50th Cong., 1st Sess., 2 (1887). [12] Court of Private Land Claims Act, Chap. 539, 26 Stat. 854 (1891). [13] Chavez v. United States, No. 64 (Mss., Records of the Ct. Pvt. L. Cl.). [14] 3 Journal 84 (Mss., Records of the Ct. Pvt. L. Cl.). [15] Report of the United States Attorney dated October 31, 1896 in Chavez v United States, (Mss. Records of the General Services Administration, National Archives, Washington, D.C.), Record Group 60, Year File 9865‑92. [16] The San Clemente Grant, No. 67 (MSS., Records of the S.G.N.M.).
Sent by Gloria Candelaria |
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| Hi Mimi, just a note to flesh out one of those queries that come up from time to time. Specifically, when people ask, where are your people from? Well, as of time immemorial, people come from every where, and any where. | ||
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| My family for example, on my mothers side, her family were Spanish, Basque. From my fathers side, we assume that his biological father was of Spanish heritage, and his mother was ( my grand mother) was a full blooded Yaqui Indian. ( note my
aunt Adela's picture, below). As was known at that time, the Grandees had the Ranchos
and the local Indians were the hired ranch hands.
I hope this short note finds you and yours in good health.
Henry sent this to me yesterday. This picture is of our Aunt Adela Alcantar Cervantes.. She was Enrique Alcantar's older and only Sibling. We ( Henry and I) were aquainted with up to the time that I graduated from high school. It our contention that our aunt Adela was 100 per cent Indian. W e don't know what tribe in Mexico ( Hermosillo area). I remember vaguely my grandmother ( Adela's mother). Henry remembers her better, but I do remember that she She spoke to the Indian women that lived on the other side of the hill from where we lived, in their native tongue. Our grand mother like our aunt was a small, very thin boned person, like many of the Indians of that area. As some of you might recall, from some of my earlier letters to you all, our grand mother Guadalupe, our father's mother, was married to one of the ranch hands, that was employed by the Alcantar family. |
The Alcantars of Hermosillo, were a very
successful ( Spanish?) family of that area and time. Our father Enrique-Henry, was of very fair complexion. And in fact In the summers his eyebrows turned reddish/blond. The Spanish of those by gone years were extremely race conscious, as many people of that time were, and any hanky- panky Was done on the Q-T. Well, the hired hands of the ranches were kept busy out in the range, while their women folks were used as domestics with in the ranch (compound). As many of you know, may of those old Ranchos,were self sufficient totally. They were rulers- unto themselves. Well i t came to pass that Emilio Alcantar, about 24 yrs of age and rather randy, had an affair with Lupita (Guadalupe). She conceived and our father, Enrique-Henry, was the issue. Our grand mother took her problem to a judge, an esteemed friend of the Alcantar family. Needles to say, he wasn't about to go counter to the Alcantar family. And, we can reasonable be assured that the Alcantar family, suggested to the judge, that he get rid of the problem. We understand that he told our grandmother, Guadalupe-Lupita, that it was best that she just quietly go away till the problem was forgotten, or there was a possibility that there could be a Matanza , a major killing, in that ranch. |
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| So, this kind caring judge, inveigled lip its to leave town. So, a few days later, he meets her at a designated place, she has made a
(mochilla-a bundle) of personnel
belongings and holding my aunts Adela hand proceeds out of town. The good judge, gives them a short ride out in his buggy. He drops them off a few miles out of town, points them north and tells them to stay right on that road till they get to Nogales. At that time my aunt Adela was
about 3 years old. So you can just about imagine how long it took them to get to Nogales? That is how we. Alcantars ended up in Nogales. Our grand mothers name at that time was Guadalupe Cervantes. Your friend, Eduardo Rosenstock Arechabala Alcantar edshrl7@gmail.com Sources: Henry Alcantar and Jerry Moore |
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| Here is a blessing to all of you.
Though some of us are separated by distance, we are all spiritually
connected. Some of us have come a long way. To day, let us resolve
to forgive our trespasses and strive to be more tolerant. I answered, yes. |
| I am thankful that my dear
brother Henry Will celebrate this day with his family. Henry and I were
recalling our childhood holidays a few days ago, and recall that those
days in the 1930's, were very bleak times for the Alcantar
family. Thanks to our mother, she always knew how to liven a sad situation. One particular " Thanks Giving day", we didn't have a turkey, so our mother made a meat oaf. Hamburger meat was very cheap in those days. We four boys, mom and dad sat around the table. Mom noticed our hurt looks and said what's the matter? We boys said, but that is not a turkey we said. She looked at us, walked out side, returned shortly, she had a feather in her hand, stuck it into the meat loaf, and said, there, that is now a turkey. Well, my brothers. Henry and Freddy, didn't buy it, but My brother Richard and I accepted it. ========== |
Another poignant Time for me was during
WW2. Our brother Henry was over seas, the war was very intense.
Thanksgiving day was just around the corner, there was a knock at the
door, I opened the door and there was a soldier standing there. He asked
me if this was the Alcantar home? I said yes. He turned around and yelled to a truck parked at the street, this is it guys, Unload it. The men opened the back gate of the truck, and started unloading all kinds of food stuff, including a turkey. I thanked them and they hurriedly left. I have never forgotten that day. It so imprinted in my mind, that sometimes, it seems like it happened, just a few days ago. I asked Henry a few times about this incident, and his response always has been, well I always thought about my brothers, the opportunity for me to do something for them even though I wasn't home, I could not let it pass. ============================= |
| Gerald, please read this at the dinner
table
so that all my hear and understand the kind of man your father is.
Henry has always been
a very noble person. Love and best of life to you all. Uncle Ed. |
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| Now there is Henry and I, Edward, left. Thankfully we shall be living behind good solid citizens
as a testament to our own perseverance, and our ability to assimilate into our society,
for the benefit of all. We as a family growing up, overcame many obstacles, but the journey
was very much worth the struggles. ~ Ed |
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My wife's heritage is of German and Irish. Her people
were very early Americans, late1600's. She belongs to the D.A.R..
Her maiden name is " Schliter-& Basinger. Pre- Revolution on
both Sides of her family. My mother-in-laws family were
Pennsylvania Dutch, very early non-violent people. Family originated
from King Edward the III. Her father's people were from early
Virginia stock, "the Parker's". This was the name given to
the early English people who we're in charge and responsible for the
English kings, hunting preserves. Their name was
synonymous with their work title.
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Not until about 3-4years ago while researching my
grandfathers (Ricardo Arechabala) family, Did we learn that my
ancestors were involved in the Spanish royalties shenanigans. My
wife has about 3-4 large note books just filled with interesting
historical minutiae. Some where way back, there is a family
association with George Washington's mother. It is all very
interesting, but, also very time consuming. My wife has been
interested in Genealogy for over 40 years.
Gracias por su interes, que Dios Siempre bendiga.
Eduardo Alcantar edshrl7@gmail.com
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My mother and step father Julio Andalon Garcia, were
married for 52 years. Strangely, Julio's father was killed in Mexico,
by Yaquis who raided his transportation caravan. He was
carrying commercial goods to another town in Mexico. My
grandfather, Arechabala, was killed by Yaquis at El Fuerte, Sinaloa.
He was a soldier in the Mexican Army.
I have an acquaintance who lives close to me, who is a full blooded Yaqui Indian, big guy from southern Arizona. Every time I see him, I say to my self, how strange? His people killed my grandfather, and I am sure that my grandfather, killed many of his people. Just like my mother's foster family, the Rosenstocks, German Jews who were were eliminated by the Nazis, with only one survivor, Carlos. Carlos was 1/2 German and 1/2 Mexican, yet he fought against the Germans during WW2. Carlos spoke perfect German, English, and Spanish.
My boys are very American, in thought, words and
deeds. Once in a rare moment they refer to my people as
"beaners". In appearance, to me they are very " Latino looking". They are the most wonderful, loving boys. I still hug and kiss my children. I Also tell people who question me on this, "if I could love them and hug them when they. were little, why not now, when they are so much more precious." When I was a child growing up because of the poor and meager circumstances, our mother raised us to be very close to each other. She always told us, that we were the closest thing to each other, that we must never loose that closeness, love and respect. She, raised as an orphan, from the age of three, with no maternal love from her adoptive parents, made sure that her children would not be denied. When our mother married our stepfather, Julio
Garcia, (whom she had known in Mexico, as a young girl ). "
She said to him, I have 4 sons, whom I love very much. You say
you love me and want to marry me?, then you will have to love my
children too". And by golly he did. He couldn't do enough for us.
Even to the point of on special occasion, he would pick up our dad and
have him participate in family occasions with us. Our father died in
the early 60's. Blessings to you and yours.
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Many of New Mexico's hauntingly beautiful,
pastoral villages were founded on a not-so-lovely practice: slavery.
Founded by Genizaros-Native peoples wrenched from their ancestral homes in
Indian raids and, over time, assimilated into Spanish Colonial society by
their "rescuers"-these settlements' effectively merged the
diverse cultures of New Spain's northern province. The 17th and 18th
centuries were anxious years for the region's land- based villagers-both
Native American and Hispanic-who lived under constant threat of attack
from bands of roving Indians, particularly the Comanches, Apaches, Navajos
and Utes. The unfortunate captives often turned up as
merchandise at trade fairs, also called rescates (ransoms) at Pecos and
Taos. An early explorer, Fray Francisco Atanasio Dominguez, writing about
his 14-month trek across New Mexico as commissary visitor for the Roman
Catholic Church in 1776-77, reports that at the Taos fairs, Comanches and
Utes came to trade Indians of both sexes, children and adults, "whom
they capture from other be traded; and the critical need for a labor and
military force (against Indian attack along the frontier) in Spanish
Colonial society. Ironically, the captives could not return to their
respective tribes (if they could remember where they came from) because
they were considered "children of the enemy," reports Dominguez.
Within the Spanish community the ransomed Indian captives formed a class
of servants or soldiers called Genizaros (hen ee' zah ros), and
nations." An Indian girl brought two horses and were classified as
such in records of the time. Change, he notes. A man was worth less. "They all bore Christian names from
baptism and Spanish surnames from their former mas- ters; belonging no
longer to any particular In- dian tribe, they spoke the broken Spanish
observed by (Dominguez) ," states the Dictionary of New Mexico and
Southern Colorado Spanish by Ruben Cobos. A criollo (Creole) from Mexico City,
Dominguez scorned genizaros, criticizing the frontier patois they spoke,
calling them "weak, gamblers, liars, cheats and petty thieves."
No doubt his negativism can be linked to his abhorrence of all things
provincial. The genizaro designation, based on New Mexico's simpler
version of the more complicated Spanish caste system included: Indians
kidnapped by the Plains or other hostile Indians, then bought by the the
Spanish and "Christianized" and usually forced into indentured
servitude; a few Christianized Indians who left or had been driven from
their pueblos; formerly nomadic Apaches and Comanches who settled along
the Pecos; and members of other tribes who lived at Pecos Pueblo, at the
gateway to the Eastern Plains. Later the term also was applied to the host
of Comanches and Kiowas who swarmed into the little fortified villages
along the Pecos River to settle among their genizaro kinfolk already
living there. Historians differ on the origin of the term genizaro.
Eleanor Adams and Fray Angelico Chavez, in The Missions of New Mexico
(1956), say "genizaro has been derived from the Turkish yeni, new and
cheri, troops, hence the English [anizary, a member of a body of the
Turkish infantry (the Sultan's elite guard) made up of slaves, conscripts
arid subject Christians." Historian Steven M. Horvath, however, says
the term "was applied to a child of parents of different nations,
such as Spain and France. The Spanish word gen (lineage, race, progeny),
is the root and two suffixes izo (tending to, somewhat) and aro (masculine
singular) yield genizaro. The Spanish consistently referred to Indian
tribes as nations." A genizaro's life, as captive, freed servant
or runaway, could be harsh. Many were poor, abandoned social outcasts.
Fray Damian Martinez, in a 1792 letter to fellow Franciscan Fray Juan
Agustin de Morfi, relates that ransomed Indian captives existed without
"land, cattle, or other property with which to make a living except
their bows and arrows." But as their numbers grew, they exerted such
a strong claim against the province's meager resources that, by the end of
the 18th century, the government was forced to help them. In the 1790s, a few years after establishment
of a fragile peace with the Comanches, Gov. Don Joseph Chac6n began
settling detribalized and dispossessed Indians along the Pecos River. They
returned the favor in two ways. They kept the lid on the potential powder
keg along the eastern frontier by trading with the Comanches, and they
added their image as "brave warriors" to the groups of citizen
soldiers who protected the region. While the Comanche threat never
vanished, for the second half of the 19th century it was more of a problem
to Americans pushing into the Plains from the south and east. By the end
of the 18th century, genizaro settle ments radiated out from the capital
at Santa Fe. The province's nine districts, including EI Paso, Texas, were
home to 23,648 Spaniards and mixed-bloods and 10,577 Indians. In 1794, colonists from Santa Fe, 75 percent
of them listed as Spanish; 25 percent genizaro on the land grant
application-settled San Miguel del Vado land grant near present-day Las
Vegas. Fray Angelico Chavez's research in Records of
the Archdiocese of Santa Fe, 1678-1900 claims EI Vado (the villages of San
Miguel and San Jose within the land grant) was "settled by Indians of
other pueblos, including the more progressive Pecos Indians, who entered
into a genizaro status and thus contributed to the depopulation of their
pueblo." But Kessell, in Kiva, Cross and Crown, says that statement
is too strong. By the early 19th century, other frontier vil- lages had
been founded on the lower Pecos: La Cuesta and Anton Chico, which remained
the eastern gateway to the province until the U.S. Civil War. While a few
freed genizaros lived scattered among other residents in the Spanish
towns, the Big Four of the genizaro settlements in Santa Clara (nine
families in 1776), Taos (eight families in 1759) and San Juan. Although
some historians have tried to find connections between Mexican Indians and
genizaro settlers, marriage records show that the community of Mexican
Indians (some say Tlascalans) living at Analco in Santa Fe never returned
after they fled the Pueblo Indian Revolt of 1680. Santa Fe genizaros who
later moved to San Miguel most likely were Indians Dominguez's 1776 report
were Santa Fe's Barrio Analco (42 families with 164 people in a total
population of 1,331); Abiquiu (46 families, 136 people); El Vado; and the
Plaza de los Genizaros, a mile southeast of Belen. Elsewhere, 19 genizaro
families were inter- spersed among nine plazas in Albuquerque. Others
lived near Socorro Mission in present-day Ciudad Juarez, Mexico; at Ojo
Caliente during one or more of its occupations; at Los Lentes near Isleta;
and at several pueblos, including Isleta, from New Spain's northern
frontier. In 1748, an attempt to settle genizaros near the often-abandoned
Spanish village of Santa Rosa (present-day Abiquiu) failed. However, a
solidly genizaro village, Santo Tomas, had been established by the time
Dominguez passed by in 1776. Its residents held their own community land
grant, allowing them to deal on equal terms with the government and their
Spanish neighbors. Farther south along the Rio Grande, nearer the pass to
the abandoned Salinas pueblos, less for- tunate genizaros without a
verifiable land grant in 1740 unsuccessfully claimed Spanish settlers had
usurped their lands to found Belen. A few years later, Capt. Diego Torres,
who set- tled the Belen Land Grant in 1746, claims to have brought 20 gen
{zaros to Belen, Horvath reports in 1979 in The Social and Political
Organization of the Genizaros of Plaza de Nuestra Senora de los Dolores de
Belen, New Mexico, 1740-1812. By 1750 census listed an unusually high-41
percent-genizaro population at Belen. Horvath speculates that Genizaros
not only lived there as servants, but as free men defending against
Apaches. In 1776, Dominguez notes 49 Genizaro families (209 per- sons) at
Los Jarales Plaza near Belen. By 1790, the majority of Genizaros in the
area were
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| Dear Mimi:
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Benefits
include:
Become a part of the Presidio Museum community! Become a member today! Please join us! Presidio San Agustin del Tucson
196 N.
Court Avenue
info@tucsonpresidio.com Tucson, AZ 85701, US Sent by Monica Smith Tortelita@aol.com |
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The History of Texas Laser Light Show |
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The first link is a google search, links for more information.
Click here: San Fernando Cathedral Laser Light Show, San Antonio, Texas - Google Search
Link to
see the show:
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The history of Texas is presented by a flow of visuals gliding over the face of the Cathedral. Other buildings are also part of the spectacular, amazingly well coordinated lights, sounds, music. The Cathedral has special meaning for me, who although raised in East L.A., have an affinity for all things Tejano.. Consequently, when the country record did not have me listed in their records., I was a bit concerned. Fortunately, the San Fernando Church was able to give a copy of my baptism. Hugs, Mimi |
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| On this day in 1832, San Antonio became
the first Texas town to present a list of grievances to the legislature
of Coahuila and Texas. The document known as the Bexar Remonstrance was
signed by José Ángel Navarro, alcalde of San Antonio. It sought repeal
of that part of the Law of April 6, 1830, banning immigration from the
United States. It also sought the separation of Texas from Coahuila.
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CINE AZTECA, Laredo, Texas |
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If I recall correctly, the Cine Azteca was located at 311 Lincoln Street and was situated in the heart of the historic barrio del Azteca. It is estimated that the building was constructed with an expansive high facade and a Mission Revival parapet during the 1920s and named the Teatro Nacional and was used for vaudeville Mexican shows. In the 1930s, when movies became popular, it became known as the Cine Azteca and showed Mexican movies. American movies were consequently added to the program but on a limited basis. The ticket booth was located in the center entrance. If you are standing in front of the theater, to your left was the concession stand with a big glass window. And to the sides of the entrance, the movie posters were located in glass frames showing the current features and the coming attractions.
During
the 1940s and 1950s, Mamá took the three of us to the
movies every Friday. which was the popular form
of entertainment. We
walked from our house at 402 San Pablo Avenue, down to
Lincoln, turn left, and then two and a half blocks to the
theatre.
She
paid ten cents for each of us and a quarter for her.
The projection room was located right in the middle of the
balcony.
I
got to know all the actors and actresses of the Golden Age
of Mexican movies: Pedro Infante, Dolores del Río,
Jorge Negrete, Emilio Tuero, María Félix, Fernando Fernández
"El Piche", Fernando Soler (and his
brothers Domingo, Andres, and Julian), Luis Aguilar,
Antonio López Montezuma, Yolanda Montes (Tongolele),
Joaquín Pardavé, Sara García,
David Silva, Marga López, Elsa Aguirre, Gloria Marín,
María Antonieta Pons, Libertad Lamarque, Flor Silvestre,
Emilio "El Indio"
Fernández, and many
more.
Luis
de Anda, in his role as El Charro Negro, was my favorite
action movie star.
My
hero, dressed in all black, including a big sombrero,
portrayed the good guy.
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I would like to share with you one more article by Odie Arambula, the eminent columnist from the Laredo Morning Times. The title of the article is, "Former Laredoan recalls movies at Cine Azteca," and was published Sunday, December 4, 2016, in the Laredo Morning Times. As you can see, Mr. Arambula applauds once again the achievements of Border Boss. And it has been over seventeen years since Texas A&M University Press published it. Moreover, I am humbled and highly grateful for his complimentary comments about my writing skills and the subject matter of my essays. It gives me a deep sense of satisfaction that he is sharing my life story with his reading audience from Laredo and South Texas. ~ Gilberto |
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| We enjoyed our holiday gathering tonight. We celebrated that our ad promoting our Society was published in the most recent publication of the Catholic Herald. We're looking forward to a productive 2017! |
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Left- right back: Manuel V Flores, David Browning, Tony Serrano, Anthony
Startz, Maria Azios, |
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Learn to trace your family tree! Come
visit the Meetings first Saturday of every month The Carriage House at Clayton Library 5300 Caroline St., 77004. 10:30 a.m. – Meet & Greet 11 a.m. - Meeting
Next meeting is January 7, 2017.
https://www.facebook.com/ Hispanic-Genealogical-Society-of- Houston-1381128072148748/ |
Aprenda como puede encontrar sus antepasados! Busquenos
en Hispanic Nuestras juntas son cada primer sabado del mes The Carriage House en la biblioteca de Clayton 5300 Caroline St., 77004 10:30 - Conocer y Saludar 11 a.m. - Reunión
For more information, contact: Henry Azios 713-412-4779 or quetzal3@msn.com |
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Dear
Friends,
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The
essential problem with their argument is that no one is that stupid. And
no, incorporating the gutted remains of a couple of historic buildings
within the arena structure is not going to win anyone over. Over the
last ten years, the City has proven itself to be an untrustworthy and
embarrassing custodian of our architectural patrimony, and at this point it
should simply get out of the way and let the County conduct its own
survey so that Duranguito and the rest of downtown can be properly honored
and its people can live without fear of displacement. Yesterday's tour of Barrio Duranguito was a celebration of the neighborhood's history, and it was attended by most of the media and well over 100 members of the public. State Senator José Rodriguez and County Commissioner David Stout did a fabulous job of hosting the event and the presentations that followed. |
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OUR CITY COUNCIL
REPRESENTATIVES Max Grossman, Ph.D.
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Country Living and expect the unexpected - the Learning Years 1945-1950, Rudy
Padilla Marcos de Leon, Never Quit Fighting - Part 2: Caminos written by Rudy Padilla Finding Cahokia, North America’s lost medieval city by Annalee Newitz Love and Marriages on the Route of the Camino Real |
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Ruben knew that I had a big
imagination, so in addition to the new bullets which he had bought,
he showed me a “raccoon hat” for me to wear (think of Davy
Crockett in a squirrel hat). He
did not have a raccoon skin of which to make the hat, so he
substituted the squirrel skin. Of
course it had the tail hanging down in the back.
Television was not available then, so Ruben must have
remembered the hat from a movie.
We told mom we were going out to
go squirrel hunting on the property by the woods.
This was an easy way to provide some food for the supper
table. With the leaves falling off the trees, the huge nests in
which the squirrels lived up high were fairly easy to see. We
did not take my dog along with us.
This was a time to travel in a quiet and alert mode. During the summer days, I always
loved the sweet and mournful sound of the dove and the meadow lark.
To me they sounded as though they had a story to tell.
But a autumn day in November also had its special effects, as
the crunching of leaves and the surprised little animals scurrying
about – as they were now not protected by the green vegetation of
summer. After my brother shot the first
squirrel out of the tree, he had a surprise.
In addition to the idea of a Davy Crockett hat, he had
brought along an extra leather belt.
He made a slit in one leg of the now-deceased squirrel and
then he slid the belt through the slit and then buckled the belt
around my waist. He told
me he had seen this done in a movie.
To me it was a great idea.
I felt like a real outdoorsman.
It took awhile to get used to the extra weight on my left hip
in the form of a squirrel hanging there and flopping around with
every step. It was not
long before we had 5 squirrels.
Ruben had let me knock down the last squirrel with a single
shot from his tree after he left his nest.
All of this time we were both very quiet. At this point I was really
feeling good although getting a bit tired from walking with the
squirrels hanging from a belt around my waist.
I am sure that I made a strange looking 10-year-old walking
through the woods on that winter day with a “Davy Crockett” hat
and 5 squirrels flopping around my waist and of course I had my
trusty hunting knife. We then decided to cross the
road on the adjoining property where there were always squirrels in
the tall oak trees which towered over a small creek.
As we crossed the dirt road I remembered how on that day the
sky looked a pretty pale blue with a few white clouds overhead.
Such a perfect calm day in the country, but that was to
change quickly… I remember Ruben standing in
front of the barbed wire of the fenced pasture.
He held up the middle strand of wire so I could slide beneath
and enter the other side with no problem.
It was then that the next minute of my young life passed in a
long-agonizing blur. I
had to bend over and then straighten up to get through the fence.
As soon as I straightened up, one of the squirrels in front
of my left leg suddenly regained consciousness and immediately tried
to bite me on my left hand. It was a horrific scene then,
except now it seems really amusing.
I can only imagine how I looked in that moment.
I think I can envision a 10 year-old jumping 1 foot straight
up and then flailing his arms about – while spinning to keep the
really mad squirrel away. I
believe then that the squirrel looked the size of a small lion
squealing and snapping at me with a crazed-look in his eyes. All of this time Ruben was
hollering at me to stop jumping and twirling so he could remove the
belt with the squirrels attached.
I remember jumping, whirling around, smacking at the squirrel
with my hand, and of course I was shrieking at the top of my voice. At the end of the day, I was
very worn out and tired – but tomorrow was another day! Living in
the country was great!
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It could be concurred that the
barring of Marcos De Leon and his Mexican American classmates from
attending The following were written in
1979; a year after Marcos De Leon passed away: A eulogy to Marcos de Leon, The
Man and Scholar… Last year in 1978 on May 30, a beautiful and
energetic life passed away out of this world.
During the course of his lifetime, Marcos moved people
deeply, and made them believe, not only in themselves, but also in
their abilities to be effectual in this world.
He was the catalyst in the state of I cannot begin to say enough
about this man, as I loved him not only as a father, but also as my
friend. To hundreds of
others he was also known as father and friend.
After his death, my sister, Tere and I heard many stories of
how Marcos had been companion, teacher, confessor and advisor to
many of his friends and students.
Although he had been retired prior to his death, he never
ceased to be active in his long-life commitment to bi-lingual
education (A memorial written by Leticia Josefina de Leon for
herself and her sister, Teresa Antoinette de Leon A memorial to Marcos de Leon,
author of bi-lingual education in His total immersion in a
bi-lingual philosophy can be seen in his publications, such as “Survey
of Mexican Problems,” “Wanted
a New Educational Philosophy for the Mexican-American,” and
others.
Through all these rewarding times in his professional life,
his personal life, as he put it was “in shambles” or more “non-existent”
as all his constructive energies went into what had become a mission
– bilingual education. In those last few weeks of his
life, Don Marcos, the man of letters, came home to the Argentine of
his youth. This was home
to his brothers and their families, to his grandchildren, who carry
on his search for, not only for knowledge, but his work in the
bi-lingual world at his And finally, the greatest gift
of all was what his brothers and their wives gave him. They helped
him to die with as much dignity as was in their power.
It was the last gift we gave him – Marcos De Leon padriño
of bi-lingual education… came home to Argentine and to his family
to die, on his mother’s birthday.
No matter where his ashes are, his heart is at Maple Hill
with the people he loved most (a tribute to Marcos de Leon, by his
first-born daughter, Yvonne Margot de Leon Nephew, Frank De Leon adds that
the six De Charles Erickson founded the
Hispanic Link Weekly Report and News Service over 40 years ago.
When contacted by Caminos, he spoke highly of Marcos De Leon.
He remembers Marcos as a leader in the founding of bilingual
education in the Caminos salutes the De Leon
family. They had the
ability and the intelligence to survive a childhood that was not
always safe and secure. A
strong faith and a strong will were more important than ever then.
Caminos still hears stories that have not been reported.
We are proud to bring more awareness to a family such as the
De Leon Family. We owe
them our gratitude for showing us the way many years ago.
Their story continues even today. |
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Artist's recreation of downtown Cahokia, with Monk's Mound at its center. |
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| This majestic urban
architecture towered over the swampy Mississippi River floodplains,
blotting out the region's tiny villages. Beginning in the late 900s,
word about the city spread throughout the southeast. Thousands of people
visited for feasts and rituals, lured by the promise of a new kind of
civilization. Many decided to stay. At the city's apex in 1100, the population exploded to as many as 30 thousand people. It was the largest pre-Columbian city in North America, bigger than London or Paris at the time. Its colorful wooden homes and monuments rose along the eastern side of the Mississippi, eventually spreading across the river to St. Louis. One particularly magnificent structure, known today as Monk’s Mound, marked the center of downtown. It towered 30 meters over an enormous central plaza and had three dramatic ascending levels, each covered in ceremonial buildings. Standing on the highest level, a person speaking loudly could be heard all the way across the Grand Plaza below. Flanking Monk’s Mound to the west was a circle of tall wooden poles, dubbed Woodhenge, that marked the solstices. |
Despite its greatness, the
city’s name has been lost to time. Its culture is known simply as
Mississippian. When Europeans explored Illinois in the 17th century, the
city had been abandoned for hundreds of years. At that time, the region
was inhabited by the Cahokia, a tribe from the Illinois Confederation.
Europeans decided to name the ancient city after them, despite the fact
that the Cahokia themselves claimed no connection to it. Centuries later, Cahokia's meteoric rise and fall remain a mystery. It was booming in 1050, and by 1400 its population had disappeared, leaving behind a landscape completely geo-engineered by human hands. Looking for clues about its history, archaeologists dig through the thick, wet, stubborn clay that Cahokians once used to construct their mounds. Buried beneath just a few feet of earth are millennia-old building foundations, trash pits, the cryptic remains of public rituals, and in some places, even, graves. |
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To find out what happened to Cahokia, I joined an archaeological dig there in July. It was led by two archaeologists who specialize in Cahokian history, Sarah Baires of Eastern Connecticut State University and Melissa Baltus of University of Toledo. They were assisted by Ph.D. candidate Elizabeth Watts of Indiana University, Bloomington, and a class of tireless undergraduates with the Institute for Field Research. Together, they spent the summer opening three large trenches in what they thought would be a sleepy little residential neighborhood southwest of Monk's Mound. They were wrong. The more they dug, the more obvious it became that this was no ordinary place. Do go to the website and view the video. http://arstechnica.com/features/2016/12/theres-a-1000-year-old-lost-city-beneath-the-st-louis-suburbs/ As a Christian, I accept the concept of the divine atonement of Jesus Christ for the sins of all the world. I often ponder, what were the beliefs of the myriad of societies who practiced blood sacrifices. In the lowliest of animal, it is instinctive to nourish and protect your young. What happens within groups whose action is contrary to human nature? ~ Mimi Sent by John Inclan fromgalveston@yahoo.com |
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Beginning
with a historical background, this ancient highway is known as the King’s
Highway or El Camino Real.
This
2, 500 mile rode runs from the capitol of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, present
day Mexico City, and continues to Saltillo, (Coahuila), Monterrey, (Nuevo
Leon), Laredo, San Antonio, Los Adaes (Texas), and on to Natchitoches,
Louisiana. For centuries the Native
tribes used
connecting trails for trading between Santa Fe, (New Mexico),
the Great Plains, and the Chihuahuan Desert.
First followed and marked by Spanish explorers and missionaries in
the early 1700s, El Camino Real de Los Tejas was one of several El
Camino Reals, or “royal roads,” that connected Spain’s dominion in
North America with Mexico City. The town of Los Adaes, borderland of East
Texas, was founded in 1717 by Captain Domingo Ramon, son of Governor Diego
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| The purpose of this article undertakes to bring attention to the Spanish marriages recorded at St. Francois de Natchitoches Catholic Church, Natchitoches, Louisiana. I used as reference the book, Natchitoches Church Marriages 1818-1850, by Elizabeth Shown Mills. The City of Natchitoches, Louisiana, is the oldest permanent settlement in the Louisiana Purchase. It begins as a French colonial settlement established in 1714 by Louis de St. Denis, near the Natchitoches Indian village on the Red River. The city’s early years were shaped by trade and plantation agriculture. It was given notoriety by the filming of the movie “Steel Magnolias.” St. Denis, built a garrisoned post to repel the Spanish of Texas and to promote trade with the locals. These actions soon found him at odds with the Spanish who considered his flourishing trade illicit and unlicensed. Knowing no boundaries, St. Denis, a Canadian-born adventurer, traveled to the lands of the Hasinai Indians, and from then on to Spanish outposts on the Rio Grande. On July 19, 1714, he strode into the Presidio San Juan Bautista Del Rio Grande de Norte, located in the state of Coahulia, Mexico, and, because of his so-called illicit trading, was placed under a pleasant house arrest. |
It was here that he met and romanced, Manuela, the daughter of Don Diego Sanchez Navarro y Camacho and Dona Mariana Gomez Mascorro de la Garza, the granddaughter of Don Diego Sanchez Navarro and Dona Feliciana Camacho y Botello. Widowed, Dona Feliciana married Major Diego Ramon, the former Governor of Coahuila and now, the Commander of the Presidio. In 1716, St. Denis married Manuela in the local Chapel of the Presidio San Juan Bautista. During 1716 and 1717, he participated in the founding of six missions and a presidio in East Texas. In April, 1717, St. Denis returned to San Juan Bautista with a sizable amount of merchandise, in keeping with his successful trade practices. This time, due to the end of the thirteen years’ Franco-Spanish War of the Spanish Succession which ended with the death of King Louis XIV, he was once again under suspicion. This time he was to be sent for imprisonment to Mexico City. St Denis fled and by 1719, made his way back to Natchitoches. In 1721, Spanish officials permitted Manuela to join him, and they spent their later years at the French outpost on the Red River. The 1722 census for Natchitoches lists the St. Denis’ and two children. The 1726 census indexes St. Denis, Manuela, and three children. (From the article written for Somos Primos, “Captain Louis Juchereau de St. Denis (1674-1744” by John D. Inclan).
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Listing only Spanish Surnames: Acosta, Aleman, Alvarez, Amador, Andrada, Aragon, Arocha, Arriollo,Avila, Ayala, Balboa, Barela, Bargas, Barrera, Basquez, Bustamante, Cadena, Calderon, Chirino, Conde, Cordero, Cordova, Cortez, Cortinas, Cruz, Cuellar, de Aro, de la Vega, de la Garza, de la Pena, Delgado, de los Santos Coy, del Rio, de Luna, de Soto, Diaz, Espinosa, Estrada, Fernandez, Flores, Fuentes, Garcia, Gomez, Gongora, Gonzalez, Gutierrez, Grande, Guerra, Guerrero, Hernandez, Lacoste, Losada, Leyba, Longoria, Lopez, Losoya, Mancha, Mansolo, Martinez, Medina, Menchaca, Mora, Moreno, Murquiz, Navarro, Ocon, Pacheco, Olivares, Ortis, Poche, Perez, Prado, Ramirez, Ramos, Recio, Rodriguez, Ruiz, Salinas, Salcedo, Sanchez, Sandoval, San Miguel, Santa Cruz, Santos, Sepulveda, Serda, Solis, Sosa, Soto, Trevino, Vaca, Vega, Villarreal, Ximenez. Ybaro. The book lists the de la Garza, Moras, Basquez, Padilla, and the Barbo families as the earliest Spanish families recorded in Louisiana (Copy of reference book below).
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Amsterdam Housing Projects with my dad, Joe Sanchez |
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Amsterdam Housing Projects with my dad. |
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In 1956 my family moved from the Lower East Side of Manhattan { Alphabet City } after migrating from Puerto Rico in 1951, to Lincoln Square, on Amsterdam Avenue & 62nd Street, across the Amsterdam City Housing Projects. In 1958 we were forced to relocate to the South Bronx, like many other families, due to Eminent Domain and the construction of Lincoln Center. I was 12-years-old. Those were the days, my friend, we thought they'd never end. God bless, -Joe Sanchez
Yes, Paulie, I lived across the street
from the Amsterdam Housing Projects on 62nd Street. You can see the
tenement housing where we lived. Also notice the many apartment
windows already boarded. People were forced to move so they could
build the Lincoln Center. We moved to the South Bronx, where I kept
getting street wise and learning who to hang out with and who
to stay away from.
The people doing the documentary booked me a
flight and hotel. I will be leaving from Orlando and into Kennedy. Staying
at the Milburn Hotel 242 W. 76th Street. They paid for the hotel as
well. On the 16th they will interview me on camera.
Come January 20 to 21, I am also flying to L.A.
for a culture arts film expo event in which they will
show 2 of my videos and I will have the opportunity to meet actor
Eddie Velez, who has taken an interest in my story. It will
also give me a chance to meet other people.
You know me. I never turn my back on anyone
that reaches out to me for help, especially people that have written
books and have asked me to help them promote their books.
Happy Holidays to you and family, and God
bless.
Joe Sanchez bluewall@mpinet.net
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New York City, late 1800s Sent by Yomar Villarreal Cleary |
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Who was Ulysses S. Grant, by Michael S. Perez Article: Grant's Uncivil War by Peter Cozzens Book: The Earth is Weeping: Epic Story of the Indian Wars for the American West, by Peter Cozzens |
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Ulysses
S. Grant was a great Union general in the American Civil War whose
victories in the Western Theater of the War in 1862 C.E. and 1863 C.E.
earned him a promotion to the command of all Union armies in
1864 C.E. He later would become the 18th president of the United
States from 1869 C.E.-1877 C.E. On
April 9, 1865, Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant accepted the
surrender of the Confederate General Robert E. Lee and his Army of
Northern Virginia at the Appomattox Court House in Virginia bringing
the Civil War to an end. After leading the Union forces to
victory in the American Civil War, he later became the president of
the nation. President Grant's accomplishments were many. He enforced civil rights laws and fought Ku Klux Klan violence, encouraged passage of the Fifteenth Amendment, which gave protection to African-American voting rights, signed the Civil Rights Acts of 1870 C.E. and 1875 C.E. guaranteeing equal rights to African-Americans. He used the American Army to build the Republican Party in the South, based on black voters, Northern newcomers ("Carpetbaggers") and native white supporters ("Scalawags"). Grant presided over the Panic of 1873 C.E., in which the economy fell into a deep economic recession. The foreign policy accomplishments of President Grant were many. He developed an Indian peace policy, which sought to reform western Indian agencies, negotiated reparations from the British for their part in undermining the Union blockade of Confederate ports, attempted to annex Spanish colonies , but his efforts were blocked by the Senate. At a given point in time, Grant called “wars of extermination” “demoralizing and wicked” in 1873 C.E. However, as with all great men he made mistakes. One of which involved the Lakota Indians. In July 1874, he personally approved a mission for Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer into the Black Hills, in present-day South Dakota to locate a military post. Custer also brought along two prospectors. While exploring the Black Hills Custer’s prospectors discovered what he reported as “paying quantities” of the precious metal. A newspaper correspondent for the Chicago Inter Ocean who accompanied the expedition caused a sensation over a “new El Dorado” in the American West, bringing over miners into the Black Hills. Soon congress demanded that Grant annex the land. This outcry for annexation brought Grant to a crossroads. The Black Hills belonged to the Lakota Indians of the Great Plains as they had signed a treaty with the United States guaranteeing their rights to the region. The hills represented their game reserve in times of hunger. Grant had no legal right to seize the Black Hills. Convening a secret White House meeting, he planned a war against the Lakotas. The Grant administration then launched an illegal war. It later lied to Congress and the American people about the reasons for the war. This decision ultimately led to the Army’s defeat at the Little Bighorn in 1876 C.E. Grant's decision was wrong for American and the Lakota. However, one decision does not make the man. It is the totality of one's actions that allow for a fair assessment of a person's life. The following article provides the background by which the reader can determine for themselves Grant's decision and the resulting outcomes related to this episode in his life. You be the judge.
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In July 1874, Lt. Col. George Armstrong Custer led a thousand-man expedition into the Black Hills, in present-day South Dakota. He was under orders to scout a suitable site for a military post, a mission personally approved by President Ulysses S. Grant, but he also brought along two prospectors, outfitted at his expense. Although largely unexplored by whites, the Black Hills were long rumored to be rich in gold, and Custer’s prospectors discovered what he reported as “paying quantities” of the precious metal. A correspondent for the Chicago Inter Ocean who accompanied the expedition was less restrained in his dispatch: “From the grass roots down it was ‘pay dirt.’” Taking him at his word, the nation’s press whipped up a frenzy over a “new El Dorado” in the American West. The United States was going into the second year of a crippling economic depression, and the nation desperately needed a financial lift. Within a year of Custer’s discovery, more than a thousand miners had streamed into the Black Hills. Soon Western newspapers and Western congressmen were demanding that Grant annex the land.
Most Lakotas settled on the reservation, but a few
thousand traditionalists rejected the treaty and made their home in the
Unceded Territory. Their guiding spirits were the revered war chief and
holy man Sitting Bull and the celebrated war leader Crazy Horse. These “non-treaty”
Lakotas had no quarrel with the wasichus (whites) so long as they stayed
out of the Lakota country. This the wasichus largely did, until 1874. Opposition to Grant’s plan might have come from his
highest-ranking military officer, Sherman. He was one of the men who had
signed the Fort Laramie Treaty on behalf of the United States. He
advocated using force against Indians when warranted, but he had once
written Grant of his anger at “whites looking for gold [who] kill
Indians just as they would kill bears and pay no regard for treaties.”
And though Grant and Sherman had become close friends when they led the
Union to victory, they had grown apart over politics since the Civil War.
After Belknap usurped the general’s command prerogatives with no
objection from Grant, Sherman had moved his headquarters from Washington
to St. Louis in a fit of pique. He was not invited into the cabal, though
two of his subordinates—Sheridan and Crook—were.
The conspirators believed that Sitting Bull and the
non-treaty Lakotas had intimidated the reservation chiefs out of selling
the mining rights to the Black Hills. Crush the non-treaty bands, they
reasoned, and the reservation chiefs would yield. |
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With
the end of the Civil War, the nation recommenced its expansion onto
traditional Indian tribal lands, setting off a wide-ranging conflict
that would last more than three decades. In an exploration of the wars
and negotiations that destroyed tribal ways of life even as they made
possible the emergence of the modern United States, Peter Cozzens gives
us both sides in comprehensive and singularly intimate detail. He
illuminates the encroachment experienced by the tribes and the tribal
conflicts over whether to fight or make peace, and explores the squalid
lives of soldiers posted to the frontier and the ethical quandaries
faced by generals who often sympathized with their native enemies.
Peter Cozzens is the author of sixteen critically
acclaimed books on the American Civil War and the American West. Cozzens
also is a recently retired Foreign Service Officer, U. S. Department of
State.
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Subject: The Arab Mentality… by Dr. Arieh Eldad |
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It is really hard for western society to
understand this kind of thinking. It is counter to civilized
understanding. From: Dr. Arieh Eldad: The skin bank is hosted at the Hadassah Ein Kerem University hospital in Jerusalem where I was the Chairman of plastic surgery. This is how I was asked to supply skin for an Arab woman from Gaza, who was hospitalized in Soroka Hospital in Beersheva, after her family burned her. Usually, such atrocities happen among Arab families when the women are suspected of having an affair. We supplied all the needed Homograft for her treatment. She was successfully treated by my friend and colleague, Prof. Lior Rosenberg and discharged to return to Gaza. She was invited for regular follow-up visits to the outpatient clinic in Beersheva. One day she was caught at a border crossing wearing a suicide belt. Her mission was to explode herself in the outpatient clinic of the hospital where they saved her life. It seems that her family promised her that if she did that, they would forgive her. This is only one example of the war between Jews and Muslims in the Land of Israel. It is not a territorial conflict. This is a civilizational conflict, or rather a war between civilization & barbarism. Bibi (Netanyahu) gets it, Obama does not. I have never written before asking to please forward onwards, so that as many as possible can understand radical Islam and what awaits the world if it is not stopped. Dr Arieh Eldad Sent by Joe Sanchez; source, Jess Harris. |
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Six North Carolina Rosenwald Schools will be
nominated to the National Register of Historic Places as part of a
$70,000 Underrepresented Community Grant (URC) from the National
Park Service to the North Carolina State Historic Preservation
Office. The URC grant program provides funds to state, tribal, and
local governments to survey and designate communities that are
underrepresented in the National Register. These schools reflect
the historic significance to North Carolina's African American
community, and span the state of North Carolina representing the
eastern, southeastern, central, and western regions. Rosenwald
Schools to be nominated include Allen Grove School, Bladen County
Training School, Canetuck School, Castalia School, Concord School,
and Mars Hill School. All of the nominations will be prepared in
2017 and reviewed before spring 2018.
Virginia State Historical Marker Commemorates
St.John Rosenwald School
Burke County, North Carolina, Recognizes Rosenwald Schools Photo courtesy of North Carolina State Historic Preservation Office http://my.preservationnation.org/site/R?i=cNZgliB1bgLp8TfM8yvx1g ROSENWALD SCHOOLS ENEWS | December, 2016 http://my.preservationnation.org/site/R?i=3fwTMbK3aJq8otu-yKZQFg ©2016 National Trust for Historic Preservation 2600 Virginia Avenue NW, Suite 1100, Washington, DC 20037 202.588.6000 | 800.315.6847 | 202.588.6085 (fax)
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Colors of the Priesthood, Source of power revealed in ancient Andean tomb by Daniel
Weiss |
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Colors of the Priesthood |
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SITUATED HIGH IN THE northern reaches of the Peruvian Andes, Pacopampa
was a major ceremonial center established around 1200 B.C. The temple
complex there consisted of a series of ascending terraces, with the
uppermost section believed to have been the most sacred and exclusive.
It was at this level that a team of archaeologists from Japan's National
Museum of Ethnology and Peru's San Marcos University recently uncovered
a tomb containing the remains of two people who lived around 600 B.C.
The goods buried with them show that they were important members of
their society, says the team's leader, Yuji Seki ofJapan's National
Museum of Ethnology. Indeed, they may have been regarded as being
powerful both in the earthly realm and beyond. One of the individuals was buried with a ceramic vessel depicting a creature with the body of a snake and the head of a jaguar-animals believed to have supernatural abilities that could be transferred to priests. Snakes were seen as denizens of the underworld, while jaguars were thought to form a bridge between the earth and the sky |
The other individual wore a necklace made of open gold spheres, with the
metal worked into sinuous curves, possibly to symbolize the undulating
motion of snakes. On the base of the tomb beside this individual's head
were deposited, in pulverized form, a range of colorful minerals: red
cinnabar, green malachite, dark-brown hematite, glossy black magnetite,
white calcite, and blue azur ite. Seki believes that the objects and
minerals found in the tomb suggest that its inhabitants were connected
not just to powerful animals, but also to metallurgical feats that would
have appeared magical to their contemporaries. Some of the tomb's minerals are commonly found in elite Andean burials. Cinnabar, for example, a form of mercury, was ARCHAEOLOGY • March/April 2016
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Wally into any archaeologist's laboratory and you're likely to see bags
of broken pottery. Walk into Barbara
Arroyo's laboratory in a warehouse on the edge of the ruins of
Kaminaljuri in Guatemala City and you'll find bags containing millions
of pottery sherds, stacked almost to the ceiling. Millions more sit in
the vaults of the National Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology a few
miles away. Outside Arroyo's laboratory, more are at the museum,"
she says with a shrug, gesturing out a window at the overflowing pit. Long before archaeologists came to this area, visitors who had seen ancient Kaminaljuyii's pyramids and platforms wondered what it had once been. |
In 1893, the British explorers Alfred and Anne Maudslay saw the city's overgrown mounds-they mapped about 110 of them-and wrote that it must have been a "a fair-sized town" in the distant past but was now "a by the site's "massive public buildings." They counted more than 200 ancient structures and found that Kaminaljuyd, which means "hills of the dead" in the Mayan language K'iche', stood at the center of an urban agglomeration that included some 35 more Maya settlements in the immediate vicinity. Yet what most struck Shook and Kidder, and what continues to impress archaeologists today, was the sheer quantity of ceramics they saw. | |
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They say that he appears to migrants stranded in
the desert and helps them find their way to jobs in the U.S.
The funny thing is, before he was certified by the Vatican as a
saint, and adopted by some as the "The Holy Smuggler."
My Tío Father Toribio Romo did everything he could to keep his
parishioners in Mexico from leaving home.
Comments: David Romo November 2010 Illustration by Jason Holley Every family has a saint; in mine, he’s
certified. In the Eighties, reports began to surface of a young
man in a red pickup truck bearing food and water who would arrive
to help unauthorized immigrants stranded in the deserts of
California, Arizona, and New Mexico. In some reports, the man
appeared just in time to rescue people from drowning in the Rio
Grande; in others, he made them invisible to the Border Patrol or
protected them from rattlesnakes or advised them on where to find
work. He wore a cowboy hat and boots, or he was dressed as a
priest. When the grateful immigrants asked how they could ever
repay him, the man told them not to worry. When you return to
Mexico, he said, just go to Santa Ana de Guadalupe, a tiny village
in Jalisco, and ask for Toribio Romo. The immigrants who did so
were told that they would find Toribio in the local parish church.
There at the church, they discovered a sarcophagus with Toribio’s
remains, two small bottles with his blood now turned to powder,
and the shirt he was wearing when he was assassinated by Mexican
federal soldiers, in 1928. For several days I interviewed people in Santa
Ana de Guadalupe. Almost everyone I talked to in the village had
emigrated to the United States at one time or another. Father
Gabriel González, the village’s 47-year-old parish priest,
worked in Long Beach, California, for a few months on a tourist
visa before entering the seminary. He prepared prepackaged food
for airlines. Father González has been a major driving force
behind the transformation of Santa Ana de Guadalupe into a booming
religious tourist destination. Thanks to the income generated by
sales of devotional souvenirs, special masses, donations from U.S.
and Mexican parishes, and other fund-raising activities, he was
able to build a retreat center, which includes 24 rooms for
visiting priests and dignitaries, a meeting room, a prayer
chamber, and an indoor swimming pool. A new church with a seating
capacity of 2,000—to which Santo Toribio’s remains will be
relocated—is under construction. The old church could hold only
150. http://eddycards.blogspot.com/2014/02/casa-donde-nacio-santo-toribio-romo.html
Topic suggested by Albert V. Vela, Ph.D. cristorey38@comcast.net
While researching the chapter re los
Cristeros for TRACKS TO THE WESTMINSTER BARRIO, I came
across articles about St Toribio Romo who was
shot to death by "los rurales" in 1928. You can find
of the
best corridos of St Toribio, just google
"Corrido del Padre Toribio Romo." There is a longer
corrido also v good. While there you may want to see/listen to
another excellent corrido, "Valentín de la
Sierra."
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Photo: Conferencia en el Archivo General del Estado de Nuevo León.
De derecha a
izquierda: |
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Armando Vazquez-Ramos, President
& CEO
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Thank you and Farewell to 2016 from the CMSC staff and 'El Magonista' As we prepare to depart with our 5th and possibly last group of the California-Mexico Dreamers Study Abroad Program, we want to remain positive, optimistic, and grateful for all the accomplishments that we celebrate as we say farewell to 2016. The California-Mexico Studies Center is pleased to announce that on Thursday December 22nd, 2016 at 9 am we will depart from the John Wayne Airport in Orange County with the 26 participants in our 5th California-Mexico Dreamers Study Abroad Program who have been approved for Advanced Parole, and scheduled to return on January 15th, 2017. |
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CMSC's HIGHLIGHTS OF 2016: A YEAR IN PERSPECTIVE We have complied a selection of 12 photographs that represent events hosted by the CMSC and/or in collaboration with other groups and institutions. |
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Estimados amigos Genealogistas e Historiadores. Fuentes. Family Search. Iglesia
de Jesucristo de los Santos de los últimos Dìas.
1747. Antonia Luisa, Josepha
Feliz, de la Trinidad. Española “En el año del Señor de mil setecientos quarenta y siete, en veinte y cinco de agosto en caso de necesidad, Yo el Pe. Rector del Colegio de la Compañìa de Jesus de esta ciudad de San Luis Potosì, Juan de Luyando, echè el agua del baptismo, à una infanta Española que nació oy, a la que puse por nombre Antonia Luisa, Josepha Feliz, de la Trinidad, hija legitima de don Antonio de Luna y Mora, Alferez Real que fue de esta Ciudad, ya defunto, y de doña Thereza Paula de Zarzoza, y con licencia del Sor. Dr. Dn. Antonio Cardozo, Cura y Juez eclesiástico de esta ciudad pasè a la Parrochial y le puse el Santo Oleo y Chrisma, fue su padrino don Francisco de Mora español, su tìo a quien advertí su obligación y para que conste lo firmè con el Señor Cura. Dr. Antonio Cardozo. Juan Bpta. Ma. de Luyando”. Anna Maria. Española.
“En el año del señor de mil setecientos setenta y dos, en veinte y siete días del mes de marzo, en la Yglesia Parroquial de esta Ciudad de San Luis Potosì, el M.R.P. Maestro Juan Antonio Campos Aldrete, morador en su convento de S.S. Agustin de esta dicha ciudad, con licencia que le confirió el Licdo. Don Miguel Chacòn, Cura Ynterino, Vicario in capite y Juez Ecco. de esta dicha ciudad y su jurisdicción, baptizò solemnemente puso oleo y crisma a una ynfanta española de dos días de nacida, a la qual puso por nombre Anna Maria, hija legìtima del Licdo. Don Silvestre Lopez Portillo, y de doña Antonia de Luna y Mora. Fue su madrina ( habiendo antes sido antes examinada en la Doctrina Christiana y hallada apta) Da. Marìa Perez Calderon Española doncella, vecina de esta dicha ciudad, a quien advirtió su obligación. Y para que conste lo firmò con el Sr. Cura ynterino. dicho R.P. Por muerte del Cura, y conforme a lo mandado en auto de visita. Josè Marìa Garcia”.
“Dn. Silvestre Lopez Portillo
Theniente Coronel, y Comandante en Gefe de estas Milicias
Provinciales, ante VM. Digo que hallándome casado en el año
de 72, con la Sa. Antonia Luisa de Luna y Mora poseedora del
Mayorazgo de Luna, tuvimos entre otros hijos a Da. Anna Marìa que
nació a 25 de Marzo de dicho año de 72, y se bautizò en la Santa
Yglesia Parroquial a los dos días de nacida, y haviendose
soilicitado en los Libros correspondientes esta constancia, no se
encuentra, porque por alguna contingencia se olvidarìa asentar la
partida de Bautismo, en que le hecho el Agua, y le puso los Stos.
Oleos a mi dicha hija Anna Maria, el Rdo. Pe. Mro. Fr. Antonio
Campos Aldrete, y le tuvo en los brazos sirviéndole de Madrina su
tìa la Sa. Da. Maria Perez Calderon, por lo que suplico a VM. Que
muerto yà el Pe. Que le hechò el agua del Bautismo, examine a la
Madrina, y a los demás testigos que hallándose en aquel tiempo en
casa, y haviendolo visto pudieren jurarlo, de manera que supla, y
haga fè, en todos los actos en que se requiere la de bautismo,
entregándome testimonio de las diligencias y que el original, o la
nota correspondiente, se agregue en el Libro de las partidas que
corresponde, en que recivirè merced, que es justicia, que juro y
pido. Silvestre Lopez Portillo”. Investigò. Tte. Corl.
Intdte. Ret. Ricardo R. Palmerìn Cordero.
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Estimados amigos Genealogistas e Historiadores. Fuentes. Family Search. Iglesia de Jesucristo de los Santos de los últimos
Dìas.
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Don Juan Manuel Salinas. Español con doña Marìa Guadalupe Zerna. Española.
Parroquia de San Mateo de Montemorelos, N.L.
“En esta Parroquia de esta
ciudad de Monte Morelos, en veinte y ocho de febrero de mil
ochocientos veinte y nueve, después del examen de la doctrina
cristiana y obligaciones del estado de matrimonio de que saben lo
conveniente practicadas según derecho las diligencias matrimoniales,
leidas las tres amonestaciones en tres días festivos inter misarum
solemnia que lo fueron el dìa primero dos y ocho de febrero de este
año corriente y no habiendo resultado ningún impedimento el
Presbº. Dn. Francisco Antonio Gonzalez Leal mi Teniente casò
y velò al C. Juan Canales, soltero originario de Agualeguas, criado
en la ciudad de Ximenez y hace ocho meses que es vecino de esta
ciudad, hijo legmo. del C. Manuel Canales y Da. Manuela Salinas
difuntos= con Da. Ma. Antonia Salinas originaria de la Villa de
Aldama y desde niña vecina de esta Ciudad, hija legma. del C.
Manuel Salinas y de Da. Ma. Guadalupe Cerna, difunta, fueron
padrinos el C. Antonio Reyes y Ma. Luisa Rodriguez y testigos los
mismos padrinos y Don Rafael Gil de Leyva y para que conste lo
firmè. Br. Diego Dìaz de Mendivil”. Transcribo como està escrito:
Investigò.Tte. Corl. Intdte. Ret. Ricardo R. Palmerìn Cordero.
duardos43@hotmail.com
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Matrimonio del Tte. Corl. don Bernardo
Villamil y doña Marìa Josefa
de la Gandara Marzo “En el año del Señor de mil ochocientos onze à diez y ocho de Marzo, en virtud del Superior Despacho del Yllmo. Sor. D.D. Manuel Abad y Queipo Obispo Electo, y Governador de esta Diòcesis de Michoacan, dado en la ciudad de Mèxico en veinte y dos de Diciembre del año próximo pasado de mil ochocientos diez, en que le confiere comisión al R. P. Fray Nicolas Pacheco, Capellan de la Plana Mayor del Exercito, para que previas las diligencias necesarias Case y Vele al Teniente Coronel D. Bernardo Villamil con Da. Ma. Josefa de la Gandara, consta haberlo así verificado según sus certificaciones puestas a continuación en las diligencias que se mandan archivar en este Juzgado, habiéndoles tomado de manos en la Villa de Lagos en treinta y uno de Diciembre de dicho año y conferidoles las bendiciones nupciales en el pueblo de S. Juan de los Lagos en diez de Enero del corriente año, siendo sus padrinos el Sor. Brigadier Comandante General D. Felix Calleja, y la Sra. su esposa Da. Ma. Francisca de la Gandara, y testigos el Sor. Coronel Dn. Miguel de Emparan, y el Teniente Coronel Dn. Ramon de Ortega, y para que conste lo frmè. Lic. Josè Anast. de Samano”. |
| Casamiento del Teniente Coronel don
Bernardo Villamil con doña Ma. Josefa de la Gandara. Españoles. Se
diò testimonio a pedimento de parte en 20 de Abril de 1811. |
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Un poco de historia de Puerto Rico |
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UN POCO DE HISTORIA DE PUERTO RICO: Voy
a dar unos datos de como eran las cosas en el PUERTO RICO ESPAÑOL: El
primer dato era el gigantesco aumento de población que tuvo la isla.
El primer censo moderno oficial que tuvo la isla de Puerto Rico fue el
de 1765 y daba un total de 44.883 habitantes, desde entonces el
crecimiento de la población fue vertiginoso dando el censo de 1899,
realizado por los norteamericanos, un total de 953.243 habitantes. Esto supone que de 1765 a 1899 ( 134 años de periodo español) la población se multiplico por 21. De 1899 a la actualidad , 2015, (117 años de periodo norteamericano) la población paso de 953.243 a 3.697.843 habitantes. No llega a multiplicarse ni por 4. El gran crecimiento demográfico endógeno de Puerto Rico durante el periodo español implica varias cosas, primero paz, prosperidad y una buena administración, así como tanto ausencia de emigración como de enfermedades, por ejemplo había mucha menos fiebre amarilla que en Cuba donde esta enfermedad causaba enormes estragos. |
Con el paso de Puerto Rico a manos norteamericanas tras la guerra de 1898 a Puerto Rico se le cerraron sus mercados tradicionales, España, Francia y Cuba, y otros países debido a la tarifa aduanera Dingley que convirtió a la isla en un mercado cautivo de EEUU, pero mientras hacia esto, EEUU no protegió frente a terceros países las importaciones de productos puertorriqueños, especialmente el café, por los intereses que las grandes compañías norteamericanas tenían en esos terceros países, la devaluación de la moneda decretada por los norteamericanos, un huracán, los altos impuestos que va a establecer la nueva administración norteamericana, etc, van a suponer un grave problema económico, que se saldara con una gran emigración, experiencia desconocida hasta entonces en la historia de Puerto Rico, que va a ser la primera de muchas, que van a provocar que hoy en día haya mas puertorriqueños en el exterior que viviendo en la isla. |
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Puerto
Rico no prosperó bajo la autoridad de los Estados Unidos, si bien este
gobierno no era enteramente responsable de las condiciones existentes,
no ayudaba a las industrias nativas en la misma medida en que lo hacían
las autoridades españolas. La diferencia mas importante radica en que
Puerto Rico bajo la autoridad de EEUU no tenia representación con
capacidad decisoria ni el Congreso ni en el Senado norteamericanos,
representación en Cortes que si tenia la isla cuando era española.
Esto hacia que a los políticos norteamericanos no les importase gran
cosa el descontento de los puertorriqueños. Esta serie de hechos encadenados provocó la hambruna en Puerto Rico sobre la que el mismo General Stone habla sobre la hambruna y la miseria de Puerto Rico. El pensaba que el desesperado estado de la gente podía llevar a la insurrección si el alivio no llegaba. "La gente se estaba muriendo de hambre por todo el interior", (decía el General Stone) "en el Distrito de Aguas Banas hay muchas muertes". "Este estado de cosas es debido en gran parte a la corta cosecha de café y a la competencia de Brasil. El café de Puerto Rico se esta vendiendo a 7 u 8 centavos en puerto, y el transporte toma casi toda esa cantidad. No hay beneficios para el propietario de la plantación. Ciertamente , yo vi muchas plantaciones descuidadas con malas hierbas. Los nativos no pueden conseguir dinero para comprar las cosas necesarias para vivir, etc". |
La
tarifa Bill Dingley, nació en 1897, era una tarifa aduanera
proteccionista que suponía un fuerte recargo arancelario del 52%
sobre los bienes importados que quisieran entrar en EEUU. Al pasar
Puerto Rico a estar bajo dominio de Estados Unidos, el mercado
puertorriqueño quedo cerrado a los productos europeos por esta tarifa,
y en consecuencia estos países tomaron represalias recargando a su
vez arancelariamente las importaciones de productos puertorriqueños. Lo
lógico hubiese sido que en justa reciprocidad los Estados Unidos
incluyesen a los productos puertorriqueños en el listado de productos
protegidos por la tarifa Dingley, contando así los productos
puertorriqueños con un acceso privilegiado al mercado norteamericano,
pero Estados Unidos no hizo nada de eso, arruinando a la economía de
Puerto Rico. Solo un producto puertorriqueño quedo protegido por esta
tarifa y fue el azúcar, cuya producción pasaría pronto a poder de
compañías norteamericanas al ser este sector muy intensivo en
capital. Además también había unas leyes de cabotaje que obligaban
a la isla casi que a utilizar en exclusiva a la marina mercante de
Estados Unidos, etc. |
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Otras
fuentes: https://www.facebook.com/groups/497106830391016/permalink/901384956629866/
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Inés Suárez (Plasencia, Extremadura, España, 1507 - Chile, 1580) fue conquistadora de Chile con Pedro de Valdivia (con el que mantuvo una larga relación hasta que se casó con Don Rodrigo de Quiroga) y fundadora de la actual ciudad de Santiago de Chile (por aquel entonces, Santiago de Nueva Extremadura). Biografía: Infancia y juventud Inés Suárez nació en Plasencia en 1507, España (por ese entonces aún corona de Castilla, ya que la unión de los reinos españoles todavía no se había consumado totalmente). Antes de que naciera, una terrible enfermedad relacionada con el estómago que en ese tiempo no tenía curación, afectó a su madre, por lo que tuvo que apoyarse en su abuelo para poder criar a Inés. Su abuelo era un artesano ebanista, perteneciente a la cofradía de la Veracruz. Su madre, quien le enseñó el oficio de costurera, pertenecía al se entendía bien con la demás gente. En 1526, a la edad de 19 años, conoció a quien sería su primer esposo, Juan de Málaga. Contrajo matrimonio años después, gracias a las influencias de su abuelo. De este matrimonio no nacieron hijos, pues Inés Suárez era estéril. Entre 1527 y 1528, Juan, su marido, se embarcó con rumbo a Panamá e Inés permaneció en España esperándolo. Pasaron los años y sólo recibió noticias de él desde Venezuela. En 1537, consiguió la licencia del rey y se embarcó hacia las Indias en busca de su marido.
Llegada a América
Trivia |
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Knowing Where You are Headed: Meet the Sama Sama
Cooperative by Lisa Juachon
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A few years back, my 8-year-old son, a voracious reader, asked if there were books he could read about Filipino and Filipino American history. I was secretly thrilled at his request but after searching for age-appropriate materials and looking in our own collection of books, it was disappointing to find there wasn’t much out there. Around the same time my 4-year-old daughter began Philippine dance classes. It was inspiring to see young children, mostly 2nd and 3rd generation Filipino Americans, exposed to their cultural heritage through traditional folk dances. I bookmarked these experiences in my head hoping that one day my kids could learn and experience Filipino and Filipino American culture in a nurturing environment with a deeper understanding of their place in the diaspora. With over 3 million Filipinos in the United States and tens of thousands that migrate each year, Filipinos represent a substantial and ever-growing diaspora in the U.S. Yet, we continue to be invisible to the majority of America. We have little political representation—there has only been one Filipino American elected to the California Legislature, in a state that contains the largest population of Filipinos living in the U.S. Our children’s history books are absent of the long and contentious history of American imperialism in the Philippines or the contribution of Filipino farmworkers in the successful fight for farmworker rights in California. Filipinos are seldom represented in popular media or sports. As a survival mechanism, Filipino immigrants have become masters of assimilation at the cost of losing language, culture and history. It is within this context that a group of us came together to envision a different path for our young people. In January 2014, over a brunch of fried rice, ensalatang talong and atsara (eggplant salad and pickled papaya), a group of five Filipina-American mothers gathered, to discuss the idea of creating a children’s Filipino arts & ecology summer camp. Seeing limited opportunities for our children to explore Filipino and Filipino American language, culture, and history with a lens that challenges dominant hegemony, colonialism and imperialism, we were inspired to create an alternative educational space. With diverse experiences in art, education, environmental justice, science, and community organizing, we reached within our networks to find other families who would commit to making our vision a reality. Twenty families quickly stepped up to participate. Sama Sama, meaning “all together” in Tagalog, brings together the cultural resources of the Filipino and Filipino American community of the Bay Area to create a unique and engaging four-week summer camp for children and families. With an emphasis in language immersion, pre-colonial and indigenous arts, and ecology, our program takes a multidisciplinary approach and nurtures a healthy sense of self as a vital part of the Philippine diaspora. Working as a cooperative, Sama Sama provides the foundation for our children to understand community building and community learning. The cooperative model requires collective action and engagement of parents, children, grandparents and community members. An alternative economic model, the cooperative builds on the resources of our community and fosters collective ownership and sense of self-determination. Families learn to be resourceful and creative to meet their community and family’s needs. Why a camp with an emphasis in ecology, you might ask? So much of our culture and history is based on our relationship to the land and sea. The Philippines is primarily an agrarian-based society with much of the population living as farmers and fisherfolk. Our creation stories across the archipelago are inspired by the abundant natural resources of the islands. The Tagalog creation story of Malakas at Maganda tells of the first people to emerge from kawayan (bamboo). The first large wave of migrants from the Philippines to the U.S. were farmworkers, working the fields and fishing boats from Hawaii to Alaska, up and down the fields of the California central valley. The relationship of a farmer or fisherfolk to the land and sea is rich with wisdom. They understand the rhythms of the season, the cycles of growth and regeneration of natural resources, and the complex interconnectedness of living things. This is the legacy that is important for us to share with our children—one that is rooted in a symbiotic relationship to the land and builds an ecological awareness critical for future generations. Each summer, the camp theme cycles through the four elements—earth, air, wind and fire—coupled with a relevant subject, such as migration, resistance, life and liberation. The idea that the curriculum would be anchored in elements came from the children and their fascination with a popular animation called Avatar. Our first summer we chose “Water and Migration” to base our curriculum. Activities were centered around our families’ migration stories, our relationship to water as descendants of island dwellers and water as a fundamental resource. The campers went on several field trips a week to get them out in nature and build relationship to the land around them. The first field trip we took was to Angel Island to learn stories of migration. Taking the ferry to Angel Island was a treat for the campers. A few of them had never been on a boat or ferry before. Guiding us through the Angel Island Immigration Station was a very special docent, a grandfather of one of our campers whose parents and siblings entered the U.S. through Angel Island from China. Our visit to the island and his personal stories provided the perfect backdrop to discussing the “push and pull” factors of migration. The grandfather of one of our campers explains the conditions of migrants at Angel Island, 2014. The grandfather of one of our campers explains the conditions of migrants at Angel Island, 2014. Photo: Sama Sama Cooperative. Following the Angel Island trip, we visited bangka (canoe) carvers in Sonoma County. Bangka Journey is dedicated to reviving the traditional practice of bangka carving. Several activity stations were set-up so that campers could learn carving and sanding and make miniature bangkas. The field trip ended with a collective dance around the bangka that told the story of the relationship of the forest to the bangka.  The theme of “Land & Life” in year two traced the origins of Filipino foods, their ingredients and the adaptation of traditional Filipino recipes that came with migrating to non-tropical environments. Campers visited several local organic farms and immersed themselves in cooking traditional Filipino dishes. Cooking has been by far the most popular activity among the campers. Three days out of the week, campers cooked lunch and merienda (snack) for the whole camp. The recipe was taught in Tagalog and English and campers recited the instructions in Tagalog. Visiting Farmer Aaron at Feral Heart Farms. Below: Ate Aileen Suzara and campers discussing the origin of Filipino vegetables 2015. Photos: Sama Sama Cooperative.  This year marks the third year of Sama Sama camp. Thanks to an ACTA Living Cultures grant, we have been able to strengthen our program’s language component by building capacity among our bilingual teaching staff. With the overarching theme of “Fire & Resistance,” teachers and campers probed the question “What is worth fighting for?” Campers spent the summer immersed in our community’s rich history of struggle and resilience from stories about the Katipunan (Filipino freedom fighters) to local campaigns against displacement in San Francisco.
As we enter a period where the political climate
looks unfavorably upon the contributions of immigrant communities,
it is imperative that we come together. Sama Sama continues to be a
place for community building and an alternative learning space for
our young people to challenge the dominant narrative and build upon
our ancestor’s stories of resistance and resilience. Since joining
Sama Sama, campers have expressed a growing understanding of their
Filipino heritage and demonstrate pride in their Filipino identity.
Parents have also found a niche of like-minded families tapping into
culture as a source of strength while raising critical
thinkers.
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Miss International Special Award. Miss International Asia 2016 Kelly
Yeuk Lam CHAN Hong Kong age21. Miss International Europe 2016 Melissa
Scherpen Netherlands age19
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I am happy to tell the world again and again that the Philippines has won several topmost awards for its Filipina beauties. Now Miss Kyle Verzosa from the Philippines won the 2016 Miss International title.
See: http://news.abs-cbn.com/life/10/27/16/ph-bet-kylie-verzosa-crowned-2016-miss-international; I have written articles on this matter since October, 2013 for the Somos Primos magazine. The articles cited below include our topmost beauties in the Miss Universe, Miss International, Miss World, Miss Supranational, Miss Earth, and Miss Tourism International beauty contests.
http://somosprimos.com/sp2013/spoct13/spoct13.htm#THE
PHILIPPINES
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Blogspot: Genealogias Canarias |
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It may not surprise you to learn that Spaniards view time
differently. An American visitor to Spain would quickly note that a local’s
dinnertime isn’t often until 9 p.m. or later. After that, drinks at a
bar or television-watching at home could last till 1 a.m. on a weeknight.
To cope, some office workers will take both a midmorning coffee break and
a midafternoon snooze — the jealousy-inducing “siesta.” What’s perhaps more surprising is the news that this seemingly idyllic schedule is viewed as a problem by many in Spain. And many place the blame on a time zone that is a relic of Spain’s fascist past. |
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| After months of speculation,
Employment Minister Fátima Báñez announced this week that the
government is working on a plan to get more workers out of the office at
6 p.m., rather than being stuck at work until 8 or so, as many currently
are. Báñez said that one important part of that policy under
consideration is a switch from Central European Time (CET) to Greenwich
Mean Time (GMT), under which the clocks would be put back permanently by
one hour. Take a look at a map and it is clear why. Shouldn’t Spain be in the same time zone as Britain, Ireland and Portugal, all relatively close to its longitude, rather than the time zone that stretches as far east as Poland or Norway’s border with Russia? Well, yes, of course, it probably should be. And, in fact, when the country first standardized its time in 1900 after using solar time for centuries, it used GMT. It was only during World War II, in 1940, that Spain’s fascist leader, Francisco Franco, changed the time zone to CET so that the country could be line with Nazi Germany and its occupied lands. After the war, Franco stayed in power until the 1970s. The clocks were never changed back. |
An example of the strange
nature of the time zone can be seen in Galicia, in the far northwest of
Spain, where the sun doesn’t rise until 9 a.m. in the winter. Only the
Canary Islands, which sit about 60 miles to the west of Morocco, are
granted the use of Western European Time, which is the same as GMT. Such seemingly odd time zone policies aren’t unusual. As WorldViews has noted before, there’s no central body that coordinates time zones according to science. Time zones are political decisions. That’s why Russia has 11 time zones but China has just one. It’s why North Korea announced last year that it was setting the clocks back by half an hour for no reason, and why Nepal is the only country to have a time zone that is set to 45 minutes past the hour. But even if these time zones seem arbitrary, they affect how people live. And many suggest that the unusual schedules kept by Spaniards — the long working hours, the late nights, the coffee breaks, the siestas — are a result of being in the wrong time zone. |
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| Humans are naturally built to
understand the time of day by the amount of light, the reasoning goes,
but the clocks told a different time — throwing people’s sleeping
patterns out of sync with their working habits. Worse still, many of
Spain’s social traditions were set while the country was still
agrarian, and many farmers worked according to a solar clock. A nice siesta may help deal with a long day, but the modern business world frowns upon the practice, essentially meaning that many Spanish adults end up working 11-hour days. In 2013, a parliamentary subcommittee studying the dramatic-sounding “Rationalization of Hours, the Reconciliation of Personal, Family Life and Professional Life and Responsibility” released a report that proposed a return to GMT. It found that all sorts of ills in the Spanish economy could be blamed on the time zone, which created a kind of widespread jet lag across society, with the average Spaniard sleeping an hour less than the World Health Organization recommends. |
The time zone “negatively
affects many measures of productivity, such as absenteeism, stress, work
accidents and school dropout rates,” the report noted. Even Spain’s
long-standing gender inequality could be partly attributed to the long
hours expected from breadwinners. It remains unclear whether Spain will actually make the leap. Changing the time zone itself should be relatively simple. Russia changed its comparatively complicated multi-zone system in 2011 — and changed it back in 2014. Spain’s governing People’s Party has the support of the opposition Socialist party and the Ciudadanos (Citizens) party. But changing an entire culture may be a little more complicated. “Can you imagine eating at 1, leaving work at 6 p.m. and being in bed before 10 p.m.?” the Spanish newspaper ABC asked in 2013. Maybe not. Sent by Bill Carmena
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Imperiofobia y Leyenda Negra [Siruela], el libro de Elvira Roca Barea supone una inyección de autoestima en el ánimo lacónico que caracteriza a los españoles, a quienes se les podría aplicar una versión de la máxima de Pareto: la gente no se cuestiona individualmente lo que colectivamente no le importa cuestionar. O sea España y su Historia. Algunos sectores de la izquierda se niegan a celebrar el 12 de Octubre porque no se conmemora el descubrimiento de América sino un genocidio. Ése es un tópico que figura en el organigrama de la Leyenda Negra desde el inicio de la guerra en los Países Bajos (1568) con Guillermo de Orange. Luego se incorporó a la Ilustración y más tarde, lo asumieron el liberalismo y la izquierda. Posteriormente, lo adoptaron los movimientos indigenistas. Y seguirá existiendo porque permite echarle la culpa a otro de las desdichas del presente, ya sea ese presente el de la España decimonónica o actual o el de Hispanoamérica. Es mucho más cómodo culpar a la Historia que asumir la propia responsabilidad. Pero se habla de genocidio... Algunos autores sostienen que había en América cuatro millones y otros 20 cuando se produjo el descubrimiento. Pero esas cifras no tienen base histórica porque no había censo alguno. Lo que sí se sabe es que cuando llegaron los españoles hubo epidemias devastadoras (como el sarampión) que se pudieron controlar más gracias a que se desarrolló una política activa de control de epidemias, lo que evidencia que el Imperio se preocupaba por la salud de los indígenas. Usted pone el ejemplo de Juan de Oñate, fundador de San Juan de los Caballeros, la primera ciudad fundada en lo que hoy es EEUU. Oñate llevaba en su expedición mujeres, niños, ovejas y va estableciendo cuarentenas para prevenir contagios cuando contactase con las nuevas poblaciones indígenas. Eso no lo hicieron los ingleses. Siempre que se habla de las atrocidades que cometieron los españoles se cita la Brevísima (1551) de Fray Bartolomé de las Casas, a quien usted otorga un papel similar al que tiene hoy Chomsky en EEUU. Las cifras de Fray Bartolomé son falsas. Para que fueran verdad, cada español que hubiera pisado América desde el 12 de octubre de 1492 hasta el inicio de las guerras de la Independencia (1810) tendría que haber matado 14 indios al día. ¿Y qué es lo que hizo famoso a Fray Bartolomé? Que lo utilizaron los rivales del Imperio Español, esencialmente orangistas y los ingleses. ¿Y qué ha hecho famoso a Chomsky? Su posición de renegado interior de EEUU. La particularidad es que Chomsky, como Fray Bartolomé en el siglo XVI, nunca ha sido represaliado por ese imperio que tanto critica sino que ha obtenido enormes beneficios. ¿Fray Bartolomé no conocía bien América? Su estancia más duradera fue cuando le nombraron obispo de Chiapas (1544-1550), pero sólo estuvo allí unos meses y en ese tiempo, como cuentan sus contemporáneos, ni se preocupó por conocer a los indios ni su idioma. En cuanto pudo, se volvió a España y se pasó el resto de su vida en la Corte. ¿Fue la conquista de América más sangrienta que otras? ¡Al contrario! Fue mucho menos sangrienta. La mayor parte de la expansión de los españoles en América se hizo pactando con indios. Cortés desembarcó con 500 hombres y acabó con el imperio Azteca. Y ni aunque todos ellos hubieran sido Rambos redivivos, hubieran podido tomar solos por ejemplo, Tenochtitlan (1521), la capital, en donde vivían al menos 80.000 personas. Lo que tuvo que hacer Cortés fue pactar con las poblaciones sometidas por los aztecas que soportaban una tiranía espantosa. En los documentos de los totonacas sobre la caída de los aztecas, ellos consideran que fue Cortés quien les ayudó a ellos. Ellos son los protagonistas, no los conquistadores españoles. Y lo mismo pasó en el resto de Iberoamérica. No hubo exterminio? El crecimiento de la población en Iberoamérica fue espectacular. México capital tiene en 1621, 7.700 casas y en 1650, 30.000. Y Lima tiene en 1619 25.000, y en 1687, 80.000. Y según el Archivo de Indias, hasta 1700 sólo viajaron a América unos 200.000 españoles. Así que tuvieron que ser los indios o mestizos. Francisco Guerra estudió la Lima virreinal y demostró que había una cama de hospital por cada 101 habitantes. Podemos defendió el asalto a la capilla de Rita Maestre con un Seguimos siendo las brujas que no pudisteis quemar. Caminamos hacia un periodo áureo de indigencia mental. Hablando de cosas serias: ése es un mito que siempre ha estado muy contrastado. En España las persecuciones de brujas fueron algo muy insólito. Sobre todo, si consideramos que las persecuciones masivas de los protestantes causaron miles de ejecuciones por brujería sin proceso legal alguno. Por España existió Zugarramurdi y pare de contar. ¿Y por qué no existieron persecuciones de brujas en la España Imperial? Porque existía la Inquisición, que era un sistema legal y reglamentado para todo lo que se consideraba delito o disidencia religiosa. La Inquisición no sólo perseguía la disidencia del catolicismo sino también delitos como el proxenetismo, abuso de menores, falsificación de moneda... Desde 1560 hasta 1700, sólo resultaron condenados a muerte 1.300 procesados en España. Y considerando que no sólo eran asuntos relativos a la fe sino que también se juzgaban a individuos que habían cometido delitos muy graves. Por ejemplo, hubo un tipo en Valencia al que sentenciaron a muerte por brujería. En el sumario había constancia de que había matado a varios niños... Pero 1.300 condenados parecen muchos. Pues tenga en cuenta que en los 20 años que Calvino mandó en Ginebra se mataron a 500 personas, en una ciudad de 10.000 habitantes. Y hoy tiene una estatua. O los miles de ejecutados en los primeros años de reinado de Isabel I de Inglaterra. ¿La Inquisición era entonces más fiable que otros tribunales? Desde luego. Mucho más. La Inquisición ofrecía más garantías al reo. De hecho, el derecho procesal en el mundo católico le ha debido mucho a la Inquisición porque instituyó un sistema judicial con instrucción de casos, jueces, abogados defensores... Su libro desmonta los tópicos de la Leyenda Negra española y de otros imperios. De hecho, sostiene que en su mayoría responden a la propaganda. En el caso español, la Leyenda Negra parte de las oligarquías de los territorios que estaban bajo dominio español o que se enfrentaron a su poder. En Roma, por ejemplo, decían que todas las prostitutas eran valencianas, porque el papa Borgia lo era. Y Lutero hizo miles de grabados para denigrar a los españoles. Incluso encargó uno en el que aparece Carlos V practicándole una felación a la Iglesia representada como la Ramera de Babilonia. El protestantismo tenía mucho de nacionalismo. El auge imperial español coincidió con el nacimiento de varios nacionalismos y chocó con ellos. El primero fue el germánico que no encontró la forma de articularse políticamente. Los príncipes alemanes se apoyaron en el protestantismo para poder luchar contra Carlos V y su idea de una Europa unida. El protestantismo creó iglesias nacionales mientras que España se apoyó en la idea multinacional de la religión católica, que era en un sistema moral en el que podrían convivir diferentes naciones. ¿Cuál es el recorrido de la hispanofobia? La hispanofobia nace en cuanto comienza la expansión territorial de España hacia Italia. Choca de plano con el humanismo italiano que son los primeros en decir que somos ignorantes, bárbaros... y vive en el repertorios de las autojustificaciones de las iglesias protestantes, Ilustración, etcétera, siempre preparado para reforzar la autoestima del norte. En la crisis de 2007, la prensa internacional recurrió a los viejos tópicos de la Leyenda Negra: España siempre ha sido un lugar atrasado y raro, un país que casi no puede considerarse europeo, bárbaros y medio africanos. Ya en grabados del siglo XVII nos representan como PIGS. Claro, los españoles eran cerdos, esto es, marranos, judíos, a pesar de su expulsión en 1492. Sí. Pero eso era absolutamente habitual en la Europa de entonces. Y claro que decían que estábamos mezclados con los judíos. Nos llamaban marrani. Marranen en alemán. Y luego, según el territorio aplicaban diferentes formas para denigrar a los españoles. La hispanofobia tiene un vínculo fortísimo con el antisemitismo. Posteriormente, a los Países Bajos e Inglaterra les funcionó el tópico de que éramos unos bestias, para lo que el relato de Fray Bartolomé fue fundamental. En 1578 se editó en Holanda y Francia con el subtítulo: Tiranías y crueldades perpetradas por los españoles en las Indias Occidentales. Para que sirvan de advertencia a los Países Bajos. Era propaganda. ¿Eso es imperiofobia? La imperiofobia es un fenómeno racista. Lo entendemos mejor cuando el grupo humano sobre el que recae el racismo es un grupo minoritario, periférico y marginal... Pero es que eso puede pasar a la inversa. Esto es, un grupo humano que ocupa una posición sobresaliente en un continente o a nivel mundial y que por eso, tiene que ser moralmente inferior, bárbaro. Como ha sucedido con los rusos, con los españoles y ahora con los americanos. ¿Por qué triunfa? Porque provoca un alivio moral. Pero los propios españoles hemos terminado asumiendo los tópicos de la Leyenda Negra. Todos los imperios tienen un sistema interior de autocrítica constante que es muy eficaz porque hace que mejoren las cosas y evita degradaciones. La generación de 98 legó a los españoles un constante cuestionamiento. Las generaciones a las que les tocó perder los territorios de ultramar no fueron capaces de enfrentarse a ese hecho con valentía y se pasaron la vida buscando culpables del desastre. Y para no echarse la culpa a ellos mismos, intentaron situar el problema de la responsabilidad tres siglos atrás. Ahí viene el problema de la asunción de los tópicos de la Leyenda Negra. Por ejemplo: ¿por qué perdimos el Imperio? Porque fuimos bárbaros, intolerantes... Todo para no asumir la propia culpa. Los españoles tenemos falta de autoestima. Pues no tenemos motivos. Es curioso que teniendo, por ejemplo, la escuela de Salamanca que sentó parte de las bases de lo estudios de economía o la expedición de Balmis, que sirvió para vacunar de viruela a cientos de miles de personas sigamos sintiendo que somos inferiores. Ni somos más corruptos, ni más inútiles, ni más ignorantes. ¿A qué se debe? A España le ha pasado una cosa muy rara con sus élites intelectuales. A partir del siglo XVIII, esas élites asumieron todos los tópicos de la Leyenda Negra. Y eso se ha repetido generación tras generación. Se nota viendo la televisión. ¿Los Países Bajos del Imperio Español tienen semejanza con Cataluña? Todo nacionalismo necesita un enemigo para crecer. En los Países Bajos se produjo un proceso de segregación que llevó a una parte de la población (los católicos holandeses) a vivir en un estado de apartheid durante siglos. Y reinventaron la Historia. Hay que tener en cuenta que había más holandeses luchando en los tercios del duque de Alba que en el ejército de Guillermo de Orange que usaba mercenarios. En Cataluña hay una gran parte de la población que vive en el exilio interior y el nacionalismo lleva más de 40 años inventándose la Historia. Pues los holandeses se independizaron. Porque les apoyaba Inglaterra, Francia... Nadie en Europa apoya la independencia de Cataluña. ¿Cuál es el problema de Europa? No ha sabido aceptar su posición subsidiaria en el imperio hegemónico que es EEUU. También que se ha acabado con la gran educación europea que producía ese sustrato de clase media culta que garantizaba la pervivencia de la democracia. Siempre ha habido analfabetos pero ahora salen de las universidades. Usted ha enseñado en Harvard. ¿También allí? Bastante. Gente que sepa expresar por escrito lo que sabe empieza a escasear en todas partes. Ahora en los colegios ingleses no enseñan a Kipling para no ofender sensibilidades. ¿Un nuevo índice de los libros prohibidos? También ingleses y franceses prohibieron libros. Desde que las iglesias han dejado de elaborar la moral social, han aparecido una serie de administradores de la moral que son los que vienen a decirnos qué tenemos que creer y pensar. Enviado por Dr. Carlos Campos y Escalante campce@gmail.com |
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Migrant Crisis in Germany |
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Migrant Crisis in Germany |
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Take into account the state of Germany. In the two
years since the migrant crisis began in Germany, there have been about
1.2 million migrants that have ventured into the country.
Out of 1.2 million migrants, there have only been 34,000
of them that have managed to find a job. That is literally less than
three percent. Less than
three percent of the migrants have been able to find a job.
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It somehow gets worse. Of those 34,000 people that are
employed, about a quarter of them are on temporary contracts.
The numbers apply to migrants that are mostly from Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan and Eritrea. So what does that mean for the people of Germany? Who is going to support and supply the needs for a million migrants. Source of Data: German Institute
for Labor Research. |
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A German court has ruled that seven Islamists who
formed a vigilante patrol to enforce Sharia law on the streets
of Wuppertal did not break German law and were simply exercising
their right to free speech.
The ruling, which effectively legitimizes Sharia
law in Germany, is one of a growing number of instances in which
German courts are — wittingly or unwittingly — promoting the
establishment of a parallel Islamic legal system in the country.
The self-appointed "Sharia Police" sparked
public outrage in September 2014, when they distributed yellow
leaflets which established a "Sharia-controlled zone"
in the Elberfeld district of Wuppertal. The men urged both
Muslim and non-Muslim passersby to attend mosques and to refrain
from alcohol, cigarettes, drugs, gambling, music, pornography
and prostitution.
The vigilantes are followers of Salafism, a virulently anti-Western ideology that openly seeks to replace democracy in Germany (and elsewhere) with an Islamic government based on Sharia law.
Salafist ideology posits that Sharia law is
superior to secular, common law because it emanates from Allah,
the only legitimate lawgiver, and thus is legally binding
eternally for all of humanity. According to the Salafist
worldview, democracy is an effort to elevate the will of humans
above the will of Allah, and is therefore a form of idolatry
that must be rejected. In other words, Sharia law and democracy
are incompatible.
Wuppertal Mayor Peter Jung said
he hoped the police would take a hard line against the Islamists:
"The intention of these people is to provoke and intimidate
and force their ideology upon others. We will not allow
this."
Wuppertal Police Chief Birgitta Radermacher said
the "pseudo police" represented a threat to the rule
of law and that only police appointed and employed by the state
have the legitimate right to act as police in Germany. She added:
Wuppertal's public prosecutor, Wolf-Tilman
Baumert, argued
that the men, who wore orange vests emblazoned with the words
"SHARIAH POLICE," had violated a law that bans wearing
uniforms at public rallies. The law, which especially prohibits
uniforms that express political views, was originally designed
to prevent neo-Nazi groups from parading in public. According to
Baumert, the vests were illegal because they had a
"deliberate, intimidating and militant" effect.
On November 21, 2016, however, the Wuppertal
District Court ruled
that the vests technically were not uniforms, and in any event
did not pose a threat. The court said that witnesses and
passersby could not possibly have felt intimidated by the men,
and that prosecuting them would infringe on their freedom of
expression. The "politically correct" decision, which
may be appealed, effectively authorizes the Sharia Police to
continue enforcing Islamic law in Wuppertal.
German Courts and Sharia Law
German courts are increasingly deferring to
Islamic law because either the plaintiffs or the defendants are
Muslim. Critics say the cases — especially those in which
German law has taken a back seat to Sharia law — reflect a
dangerous encroachment of Islamic law into the German legal
system.
In May 2016, for example, an appeals court in
Bamberg recognized
the marriage of a 15-year-old Syrian girl to her 21-year-old
cousin. The court ruled that the marriage was valid because it
was contracted in Syria, where such marriages are allowed
according to Sharia law, which does not set any age limit to
marriage. The ruling effectively legalized Sharia child
marriages in Germany.
The case came about after the couple arrived at a
refugee shelter in Aschaffenburg in August 2015. The Youth
Welfare Office (Jugendamt)
refused to recognize their marriage and separated the girl from
her husband. The couple filed a lawsuit and a family court ruled
in favor of the Youth Welfare Office, which claimed to be the
girl's legal guardian.
The court in Bamberg overturned that ruling. It
determined that, according to Sharia law, the marriage is valid
because it has already been consummated, and therefore the Youth
Welfare Office has no legal authority to separate the couple.
The ruling — which was described
as a "crash course in Syrian Islamic marriage law" —
ignited a firestorm of criticism. Some accused the court in
Bamberg of applying Sharia law over German law to legalize a
practice that is banned in Germany.
Critics of the ruling pointed to Article 6 of the
Introductory Act to the German Civil Code (Einführungsgesetz
zum Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuche, EGBGB), which states:
This stipulation is routinely ignored, however,
apparently in the interests of political correctness and
multiculturalism. Indeed, Sharia law has been encroaching into
the German justice system virtually unchecked for nearly two
decades. Some examples include:
In an interview with Spiegel
Online, Islam expert Mathias Rohe said
that the existence of parallel legal structures in Germany is an
"expression of globalization." He added: "We
apply Islamic law just as we do French law."
Sharia Courts in Germany
A growing number of Muslims in Germany are
consciously bypassing German courts altogether and instead are
adjudicating their disputes in informal Sharia courts, which are
proliferating across the country. According to one estimate,
some 500 Sharia judges are now regulating civil disputes between
Muslims in Germany — a development that points to the
establishment of a parallel Islamic justice system in the
country.
A major reason for the growth in Sharia courts is
that Germany does not recognize polygamy or marriages involving
minors.
The German Interior Ministry, responding to a
Freedom of Information Act request, recently revealed
that 1,475 married children are known to be living in Germany as
of July 31, 2016 — including 361 children who are under the
age of 14.
The true number of child marriages in Germany is
believed to be much higher than the official statistics suggest,
because many are being concealed.
Polygamy, although illegal under German law, is commonplace
among Muslims in all major German cities. In Berlin, for
example, it is estimated that fully one-third of the Muslim men
living in the Neukölln district of the city have two or more
wives.
According to an exposé broadcast
by RTL, one of Germany's leading media companies, Muslim men
residing in Germany routinely take advantage of the social
welfare system by bringing two, three or four women from across
the Muslim world to Germany, and then marrying them in the
presence of a Muslim cleric. Once in Germany, the women request
social welfare benefits, including the cost of a separate home
for themselves and for their children, on the claim of being a
"single parent with children."
Although the welfare fraud committed by Muslim
immigrants is an "open secret" costing German
taxpayers millions of euros each year, government agencies are
reluctant to take action due to political correctness, according
to RTL.
Chancellor Angela Merkel once declared
that Muslims must obey the constitution and not Sharia law if
they want to live in Germany. More recently, Justice Minister
Heiko Maas said:
In practice, however, German leaders have
tolerated a parallel Islamic justice system, one which allows
Muslims to take the law into their own hands, often with tragic
consequences.
On November 20, 2016, for example, a 38-year-old
German-Kurdish man in Lower Saxony tied one end of a rope to the
back of his car and the other end around the neck of his
ex-wife. He then dragged the woman through the streets of Hameln.
The woman, who survived, remains in critical condition.
The newsmagazine, Focus,
reported
that the man was a "strictly religious Muslim who married
and divorced the woman according to Sharia law." It added:
"Under German law, however, the two were not married."
Bild reported
that the man was married "once under German law and four
times under Sharia law."
The crime, which has drawn renewed attention to
the problem of Sharia justice in Germany, has alarmed some
members of the political and media establishment.
Wolfgang Bosbach, of the ruling Christian
Democratic Union (CDU), said:
"Even if some people refuse to admit it, a parallel justice
system has established itself in Germany. This act shows a clear
rejection of our values and legal order."
On November 23, Bild,
the largest-circulation newspaper in Germany, warned
that the country was "capitulating to Islamic law." In
a special "Sharia Report" it stated:
In a commentary, Franz Solms-Laubach, Bild's
parliamentary correspondent, wrote:
©
2016 Gatestone Institute. All rights reserved.
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HISTORIA
UNIVERSAL |
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Esta sección (en construcción) contiene un esbozo de la historia de la humanidad. No pretendo analizar ni explicar los hechos, sino tan sólo narrarlos con el detalle suficiente para dar una visión de conjunto de cómo ha evolucionado la cultura humana. Cuando los historiadores discrepan sobre cronologías, nombres o sucesos, no he procurado mostrar todas las posibilidades, sino que he optado arbitrariamente por una de ellas. La idea no es establecer cómo fueron las cosas, sino, al menos, cómo pudieron ser de acuerdo con la información disponible. Sin duda habrá muchas imprecisiones e inexactitudes. Agradeceré toda corrección que se me haga llegar. Ésta es la lista de las páginas. Cada una empieza en la fecha indicada entre paréntesis, mientras que el suceso citado a continuación es una muestra orientativa de su contenido, aunque no se corresponde necesariamente con la fecha inicial.
AQUÍ TERMINA ESTA TEMPORADA DE
HISTORIA UNIVERSAL.
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05/11/2019 10:59 AM
UNITED STATES
2017 Rose Queen Victoria Castellanos
I Stand Against Hate by Deepa Bharath, Sikhs showcase their beliefs in Rose
Parade float.
NALIP: Diverse Women in Media Forum Highlights
Dazzling jewelry that gives back by Kathleen Richards
Hillsdale College and Free online classes on the United States
Constitution
Buffet Rule: Accountability of our Elected Representatives
Non-Profits Who Deserve Your Support
Care Giving . . . Elder Action
New Movie:
Gustavo C. Garcia, A Hero's Story
Book: Colored Men and Hombres Aqui by Micael A. Olivas
Mi Tierra's 'American Dream' Mural Pays Homage to Great Latinos
Border Life – On This Day in History, December
11, 2016, by José Antonio
López
Who are Immigrants" to the United States or Are We All Immigrants by Judge
Edward F. Butler, Sr.
HERITAGE AND PRESERVATION PROJECTS
Heritage Discovery Center & Rancho Del Sueno
La Herencia: Latinos in Heritage Conservation
First Annual International Rio Grande Festival
HISTORIC TIDBITS
December 13th, 1841 -- Texas Navy supports Yucatán rebellion against Mexico
History of the Divisions of California into Counties
HISPANIC LEADERS
Alejandra
García Williams, Consul/Mexican Foreign Service
Robert D. Wood 1927 - 2016 Died in the service of the Blessed Virgin
EDUCATION
Dr. Enrique
G. Murillo named Education Leader of the Year by
Unidos Por La Musica
LULAC and LICI Hosted Inaugural Latino Tech Summit in Silicon Valley
Outside Scholarships
Book: Student Success Modeling: Elementary School to College, edited by
Raymond V. Padilla
An Awesomely New Beginning in AISD by Angela Valenzuela, Ph.D.
RELIGION
Islamists Attack Christmas, but Europeans Abolish it (Christmas)
CULTURE
Los Pastores, the Shepherds Play
Identidad Criolla e Identidad Mestiza vs. Identidad Latina
Español o Castellano?
BOOKS AND PRINT MEDIA
Memories of the Texas Book Festival, November 11, 2000 by J. Gilberto
Quezada
Fourth Quarter: Reflections of a Cranky Old Man by Carlos E. Cortes
Nuestra America
Magazine is now publish for free
Get Your Copy of LATINA Style
History of the publication of the original
two-volume Handbook of Texas in 1952.
AMERICAN PATRIOTS
The Vet Hunters Project
Lenny Pelullo in the Jungles of Vietnam by Joe Sanchez
A Veteran Died
Today
The University of Arizona Mall Memorial Makes 'Quiet Statement'
EARLY AMERICAN PATRIOTS
Four Villarreal Family Siblings Inducted into the Canary Island Descendant
Association
SURNAMES
Melchor De Los Reyes de
Ecija
DNA
Do You Have Your Great-Great-Great-Grandfather’s Nose? by Diahan
Southard
FAMILY HISTORY
Grandma Mimi's Attitudes towards Money and
Possessions
Writing Family History ... putting flesh on old
bones by Dorothy Dalebout
Write Your Life Story in 2017: #52Stories Project Will Make
Your Task Easier
New Historic Records on FamilySearch, Week of December 12, 2016
ORANGE COUNTY, CA
SHHAR, January 14: Richard McFarlane DNA : "Now that I have the DNA test what do I do with it?
Santa Ana high school students earn a Seal of
Bi-literacy
Zeke
Hernandez,
new
Rancho
Santiago
Community
College
District Latino Trustee
Centered on the Center Art, Opening reception, January 28
LOS ANGELES COUNTY
Cathedral City celebrates anniversary with giant balloons and jazz
by Chris Foster,
Visit the Getty Center's Family Room
CALIFORNIA
January 4: Campito Kids by Antonio deLoera-Brust
January 28: Researching Your Hispanic Ancestors, a Mini-Seminar by Letty
Rodella
Carmen Flores Recreation Center, Oakland
Carmen Flores brought Gilda Gonzalez CEO: Spanish Speaking Unity Council
into Political Arena
Heritage Museum
of OC Receives Cal Grant to continue their Bilingual Constitution
Project
Juan Caldera Gains Colton Sports Hall of Fame entertainment
entrepreneur one hundred years ago
Rosalia Salinas: (Part 1)The Education of an Educator by Maria E. Garcia
Rosalia Salinas: (Part 2) Bilingual Education Advocate, Educator, Leader by
Maria E. Garcia
NORTHWESTERN, US
Catherine Cortez Masto became FIRST LATINA elected to the U.S. Senate
SOUTHWESTERN, US
San Clemente Grant, New Mexico
Where are your people from? by Eduardo Rosenstock Arechabala Alcantar
Former captives settle frontier
villages by Art Latham (New Mexico magazine, 1995)
Presidio San Agustin del Tucson
TEXAS
Bexar Remonstrance
The History of Texas Laser Light Show
Cine Azteca by Gilberto Quezada
Hispanic Genealogical Society of Houston - Published Ad in Catholic Herald
Where are Your People From? by Eduardo Rosenstock Arechabala Alcantar
El Paso, TX l Chicano Historical Preservation Fight l
MIDDLE AMERICA
Country Living and expect the unexpected - the Learning Years 1945-1950
Marcos
de Leon, Never Quit Fighting - Part 2: Caminos written by Rudy Padilla
Finding Cahokia, North America’s lost medieval city by
Annalee Newitz
Love and Marriages on the Route of the Camino Real
EAST COAST
Amsterdam Housing Projects with my dad, Joe Sanchez
Photo: New York City, late 1800s
INDIGENOUS
Who was Ulysses S. Grant, by Michael S. Perez
Article: Grant's Uncivil War by Peter Cozzens
Book: The Earth is Weeping: Epic Story of the Indian Wars for the American West,
by Peter Cozzens
SEPHARDIC
Subject: The Arab Mentality by Dr. Arieh Eldad
AFRICAN-AMERICAN
North Carolina Rosenwald Schools
included in Underrepresented Community Grant
ARCHAEOLOGY
Colors of the Priesthood, Source of power revealed in ancient Andean tomb by Daniel
Weiss
Maya Metropolis by Roger Atwood
MEXICO
My Tío, the Saint Toribio Romo by David Romo
Photo: Conferencia en el Archivo General del Estado de Nuevo
León.
The California-Mexico Studies Center: Dreamer Study Abroad
Program
Bautismo de doña
Antonia Luisa
de Luna y Mora y Zarzoza
Y De su hija Anna Marìa
Lopez Portillo de Luna y Mora
Casamientos y Baptismos de Vallecillo, Parroquia de San Pedro de Boca DeLeones
Matrimonio de don Juan Manuel
Salinas Fernàndez con
doña Marìa Guadalupe Zerna
Matrimonio del Tte. Corl. don Bernardo
Villamil y doña Marìa Josefa
de la Gandara
CARIBBEAN REGION
Un poco de historia de Puerto Rico por Dr. Carlos Campos
y Escalante
CENTRAL & SOUTH AMERICA
Conquistadora española de Chile: Inés de Suárez, mujeres olvidadas
PHILIPPINES
Knowing Where You are Headed: Meet the Sama Sama Cooperative by Lisa
Juachon
Miss International Beauty Pageant 2016
SPAIN
Blogspot: Genealogias Canarias
Spain's Proposed Time Change
Imperiofobia y Leyenda Negra
INTERNATIONAL
Islamists Attack Christmas, BUT Europeans Abolish It
Migrant Crisis in Germany
Historia Universal
My wife, Shirley and me, our sons, Mark on the left,
oldest, 39 years old. Tracy on the right side 37. 
The
Presidio Museum invites you to consider becoming a member. Your 
Inés Suárez después de haber decapitado a Quilicanta y otros siete curacas cuyas cabezas coloco en las
picas. Durante el ataque, la labor de Inés había consistido en atender a heridos y desfallecidos, curando sus heridas y aliviando su desesperanza con palabras de ánimo, además de llevar agua y víveres a los combatientes y ayudando incluso a montar a caballo a un jinete cuyas serias lesiones le impedían hacerlo solo. Pero aún tendría que desempeñar un papel decisivo en la lucha: viendo en la muerte de los siete caciques la única esperanza de salvación para los españoles, Inés propuso decapitarlos y arrojar sus cabezas entre los indígenas para causar el pánico entre ellos. 
Muchos hombres daban por inevitable la derrota y se opusieron al plan, argumentando que mantener con vida a los líderes indígenas era su única baza para sobrevivir, pero Inés insistió en continuar adelante con el plan: se encaminó a la vivienda en que se hallaban los cabecillas, y que protegían Francisco Rubio y Hernando de la Torre, dándoles la orden de ejecución. Testigos del suceso narran que de la Torre, al preguntar la manera en que debían dar muerte a los prisioneros, recibió por toda respuesta de Inés "De esta manera", tomando la espada del guardia y decapitando ella misma al primero, Quilicanta, y después a todos los caciques tomados como rehenes, y que retenía en su casa, por su propia mano, arrojando luego sus cabezas entre los atacantes.
